1 chapter 8 global stratification. 2 the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige on a...

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Chapter 8

Global Stratification

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Global Stratification The unequal distribution of wealth,

power, and prestige on a global basis, resulting in people having vastly different lifestyles and life chances both within and among the nations of the world.

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High-income Countries

Characterized by highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and high levels of national and per capita income.

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Middle-income Countries

Nations with industrializing economies, particularly in urban areas, and moderate levels of national and personal income.

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Low-income Countries

Primarily agrarian nations with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income.

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Income Gap: World’s Richest and Poorest People

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Economies in Global Perspective

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Gini Coefficeient

A measure of income inequality which ranges from zero (meaning that everyone has the same income) to 100 (one person receives all the income).

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List of recent Gini Indexes for a select group of nations:

Japan 24.9   United Kingdom

36.0

Sweden 25.0 Iran 43.0

Germany 28.3 United States

46.6

France 32.7 Argentina 52.2

Pakistan 33.0 Mexico 54.6

Canada 33.1 South Africa

57.8

Switzerland 33.1 Namibia 70.7

A Gini value of 0 would indicate equal income for all earners. A Gini value of 100 would mean that one person had all the income and nobody else had any.

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Life Expectancy in Years for Persons Born in 2001

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Per Capita Gross Domestic Product in U.S. Dollars

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Modernization Theory

Low-income, less developed countries can move to middle- and high-income economies by achieving self-sustained economic growth.

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Dependency Theory

Poor nations are trapped in a cycle of dependency on richer nations.

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World Systems Theory

How a country is incorporated into the global capitalist economy is the key feature in determining how economic development takes place in that nation.