1 childhood disorders reactive attachment disorder of infancy & early childhood carolyn r....
Post on 16-Dec-2015
213 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1
Childhood DisordersChildhood DisordersChildhood DisordersChildhood DisordersReactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy & Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy &
Early ChildhoodEarly ChildhoodCarolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.
2
Common Associated Diagnoses
Axis I: Reactive Attachment disorder of infancy & early childhood.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderMajor Depressive DisorderDysthmic DisorderAdjustment DisorderPosttraumatic Stress DisorderObsessive-Compulsive DisorderOppositional Defiant DisorderConduct DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder
3
Behavioral Definitions• Brought into family through adoption
after coming from an abusive, neglectful biological family.
• Consistent pattern of failing to initiate or respond to social interactions.
• Pattern of becoming too friendly too quickly with strangers.
• Pattern of showing indiscriminate affection to strangers.
4
Behavioral Definitions• Resists accepting care from others.• Hoarding or gorging food.• Aggressive behavior.• Frequent lying.• Stealing.• No signs of a conscience.
5
Behavioral Definitions• Excessive clinginess.• Persistent disregard for emotional
or physical needs.• Subjected to frequent changes in
caregivers.
6
History of Attachment• History of Attachment
– John Bowlby– Stages: Protest, Despair,
Detachment– Mother-child bond adaptive &
important for survival– Karl Lorenz & imprinting
7
Critical period for the development of
attachment• Age range?• Model for future relationships.
8
Mary Ainsworth’s Research Model
• The Strange Situation– 8 episodes measuring 4 behaviors
• Willingness to explore• Separation anxiety• Stranger anxiety• Reunion behavior
9
Infant Characteristics that promote attachment
• “kewpie doll” appearance• Rooting, sucking, grasping reflexes• Cooing, babbling• Smiling• Crying• Responsiveness to social overtures
10
Infant & Mother characteristics that hinder attachment
• Physically unattractive• Reflexes weak• Irritable• Little pleasant vocalization• Easily over stimulated• Maternal depression• Abused mother• Mother insensitive to baby’s cues• Several children in family• Marital problems
11
Schaffer & Emerson Stages in Social
Attachment• Asocial stage – 0-6 weeks• Indiscriminate attachment stage –
6 weeks to 6-7 months• Specific attachment stage – 7-9
months• Multiple attachment stage –
shortly after stage 3
12
Theories of Attachment• Psychoanalytical• Learning • Ethological
13
Types of Attachment• Secure attachment• Insecure attachment
(anxious/resistant)• Insecure attachment
(anxious/avoidant)• Insecure attachment
(disorganized/disoriented)
14
Ainsworth’s Caregiving Hypothesis
• Quality of attachment• Inconsistent caregiving• Impatient caregiving• Abusive caregiving
15
Kagan’s Temperament Hypothesis
• Easy temperment• Difficult temperment• Slow to warm up temperment
16
Reactive Attachment Disorder
• Infancy & early childhood• Older children & adolescents• adults
17
Therapy• Holding therapy – controversial.• Failure-to-thrive cases.• Therapy techniques.• Adolescents & adults.
18
Long-term goals• Establish & maintain bond.• Form healthy connections with
others.• Has a desire for & initiates
connections with others.• Tolerates reasonable absence
from caregiver.
top related