1 classification. 2 how is the music grouped in this store? what is the advantage of grouping music...

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ClassificatioClassificationn

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How is the music grouped in this store?

What is the advantage of grouping music this way?

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Take the cutouts

of various

different

organisms from

the envelope and

separate them into

logical groups

based on your

knowledge of

biology and the

organisms

characteristics

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What criteria did you use to group your organisms?

Could you break any of your groups down into sub-groups?

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•There are There are 13 billion13 billion known known species of organismsspecies of organisms

•This is This is only 5% of allonly 5% of all organisms that ever organisms that ever lived!!!!!lived!!!!!

•New organismsNew organisms are still are still being found and identifiedbeing found and identified

Species of OrganismsSpecies of Organisms

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If only 5% of organisms that ever lived are still alive, what happened to the other 95%?

Turn to your table partners and discuss what you think happened to the other 95% and why do you think it happened.

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What is Classification?What is Classification?

ClassificationClassification is the is the arrangement of organisms arrangement of organisms into orderly into orderly groupsgroups based based on their on their similaritiessimilarities

Classification is also known Classification is also known as as taxonomytaxonomy

Taxonomists Taxonomists are scientists are scientists that identify & name that identify & name organismsorganisms

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Benefits of ClassifyingBenefits of Classifying

•Accurately & uniformlyAccurately & uniformly names organisms names organisms

•Prevents Prevents misnomersmisnomers such such as starfish & jellyfish that as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish aren't really fish

•Uses Uses same language same language (Latin or some Greek)(Latin or some Greek) for for all names all names

Sea”horseSea”horse”??”??

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Confusion in Using Different Confusion in Using Different Languages for NamesLanguages for Names

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Latin Names are Understood Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomistsby all Taxonomists

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Early TaxonomistsEarly Taxonomists

•2000 years ago, 2000 years ago, AristotleAristotle was the was the first taxonomistfirst taxonomist

•Aristotle divided Aristotle divided organisms into organisms into plants & animalsplants & animals

•He He subdividedsubdivided them by their them by their habitathabitat ---land, sea, ---land, sea, or air dwellers or air dwellers

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Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus1707 – 17781707 – 1778

•18th century taxonomist

•Classified organisms by their structure

•Developed naming system still used today

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Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus

•Called the Called the “Father of “Father of Taxonomy”Taxonomy”

•Developed the modern Developed the modern system of naming system of naming known as known as binomial binomial nomenclaturenomenclature

•Two-wordTwo-word name (Genus name (Genus & species)& species)

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We have discussed We have discussed many different many different benefits of classifying benefits of classifying organisms . . .organisms . . .

Answer the following Answer the following prompt beginning withprompt beginning with yes but . . .yes but . . .

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Standardized Standardized NamingNaming

•Binomial Binomial nomenclature nomenclature usedused

•Genus speciesGenus species

•Latin or GreekLatin or Greek

•ItalicizedItalicized in print in print

•Capitalize genusCapitalize genus, , but NOT speciesbut NOT species

•UnderlineUnderline when when writingwriting

Turdus Turdus migratoriusmigratorius

American American RobinRobin

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Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature

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Write Your Name Write Your Name

using binomial nomenclatureusing binomial nomenclature

__________ ____________________ __________

•Capitalize genusCapitalize genus, but NOT , but NOT speciesspecies

•UnderlineUnderline when writing when writing

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Classification GroupsClassification Groups

•TaxonTaxon ( ( taxataxa-plural) is a -plural) is a category into which related category into which related organisms are placedorganisms are placed

•There is a There is a hierarchyhierarchy of of groups (taxa) from broadest groups (taxa) from broadest to most specificto most specific

•Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Genus, speciesspecies

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Hierarchy-Taxonomic Hierarchy-Taxonomic GroupsGroups

DomainKingdom

Phylum (Division – used for plants)

Class Order Family

Genus Species

BROADEST BROADEST TAXONTAXON

Most Most SpecificSpecific

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KKinging

PPhilliphillip

CCameame

OOverver

FForor

GGooseberrooseberryy

SSoup!oup!

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Classification of Four Species

LevelSpecies

1 2 3 4

Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda

Class Crustacea Crustacea Insecta Insecta

Order Decapoda Decapoda Diptera Diptera

Family Cancridae Cancridae Drosophilidae Nematocera

Genus Cancer Cancer Drosophila Aedes

Species magister productus melanogaster aegypti

Common Name

Dungeness Crab Red Rock Crab Fruit Fly Mosquito

What is the most specific What is the most specific level at which all 4 species level at which all 4 species

are related?are related?

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Classification of Four Species

LevelSpecies

1 2 3 4

Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda

Class Crustacea Crustacea Insecta Insecta

Order Decapoda Decapoda Diptera Diptera

Family Cancridae Cancridae Drosophilidae Nematocera

Genus Cancer Cancer Drosophila Aedes

Species magister productus melanogaster aegypti

Common Name

Dungeness Crab Red Rock Crab Fruit Fly Mosquito

Which of the 4 organisms are Which of the 4 organisms are the most closely related?the most closely related?

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Classification of Four Species

LevelSpecies

1 2 3 4

Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda

Class Crustacea Crustacea Insecta Insecta

Order Decapoda Decapoda Diptera Diptera

Family Cancridae Cancridae Drosophilidae Nematocera

Genus Cancer Cancer Drosophila Aedes

Species magister productus melanogaster aegypti

Common Name

Dungeness Crab Red Rock Crab Fruit Fly Mosquito

What is the most specific What is the most specific taxonomic level that the fruit taxonomic level that the fruit fly and mosquito are related?fly and mosquito are related?