1. how would you feel if your husband spent his entire paycheck at the saloon (bar)? how would you...

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How would you feel if your husband spent his entire paycheck at the saloon (bar)?

How would you feel if you had to work 10 to 12 hours a day, 6 days a week in a noisy, dangerous factory instead of going to school?

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• Progressivism = making progress or reforming imbalances created during the period of industrial growth after the Civil War

• Four Goals– Protect social welfare– Promote moral improvement– Create economic reform– Foster efficiency

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Settlement houses Florence Kelley -> Illinois Factory Act (1893) -

> prohibits child labor and limits women’s working hours

YMCA – Young Men’s Christian Association

Salvation Army -> soup kitchens

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• Prohibition – banning alcohol

• Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)– founded in Cleveland

1864 – 245,000 members (1911) – opened kindergartens– visited inmates– Anti-saloon league help

pass laws banning alcohol

– Problems with certain immigrant groups

Carry Nation

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Capitalism = Big business -> use economic power to limit competition

Socialism founder of the American Socialist Party (1901)

Muckrakers = journalists who exposed the dangers and corruptions of business

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Brandeis – research about high cost of working long hours

“Taylorism” – scientific management -> how quickly a task could be performed -> leads to assembly lines -> people worked like machines

Henry Ford reduces work day to 8 hours Decent pay Many injuries

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Explain the four goals of Progressivism and explain which one you think was the most important in helping society.

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Discovery of oil -> oil becomes cheap -> gasoline is made -> used in cars -> Henry Ford’s Model T cars -> more jobs -> more factories -> more immigrants -> rise of cities -> racial tension -> urbanization -> big businesses -> monopolies -> imbalances -> Progressivism = settlement houses + YMCA (SOCIAL REFORM) -> Christian Temperance Union (MORAL IMPROVEMENT) -> leads to rise of organized crime -> socialism vs. capitalism (ECONOMIC REFORM) -> assembly lines (FOSTER EFFICIENCY)

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Early 1900s -> immigrants, sharecroppers, African Americans moved to the cities to find jobs

Children as young as three years old worked in factories

Progressivist leaders wanted to make the workplace more sufficient -> break tasks into simpler parts -> assembly line speeds up production but people work like machines

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1. What type of work took place in the factory?

2. Would you have enjoyed working in the factory?

3. Why were workers replaced? 4. Who replaced them? 5. What would you have done if you were

fired? 6. Would you have supported legislation

to limit working hours? 11

Workers at the Ford flywheel factory made $5 a day - a good wage in 1914. Was it worth it? Why or why not?

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Natural disasters lead to council-

manager (city council) form of govt.

Reform mayors in Detroit and Chicago Organize work relief Dismiss

greedy/private owners of utilities (gas, water)

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Reform Governors Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin taxes railroad property commission to regulate rates no free passes to state officials

Reforming Elections Secret ballot Initiative – a bill organized by people rather than lawmakers

placed on ballot Referendum – a vote on the initiative Recall – voters could remove public officials by vote before the

end of their term Primary system – vote for candidates of public office instead of

selection by political machines Direct Election of Senators

17th Amendment (1913) – instead of selection by state legislature (party bosses)

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Small hands needed

Low pay for adults -> everyone in the family works

1904 National Child Labor Committee -> gathered evidence -> laws passed to ban child labor

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Louis Brandeis argues in Supreme Court for workers Ten-hour workday for women + men = state

law

Progressives Workers’ compensation Death benefits

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You are a muckraker – journalist in early 1900s who wrote about the corrupt side of politics, business, public life

Write one paragraph about a specific abuse (poor management of relief efforts, high rates for public transportation, greedy private owners of utilities, high railroad rates, child labor, long hours for women, lack of workers’ compensation, reforming elections)

One paragraph about the reforms that you hope will take place as a result of your writing

One paragraph about why these reforms are important

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Before World War I, the term "muckraker" was used to refer in a general sense to a writer who investigates and publishes truthful reports to bring about reforms.

http://history.journalism.ku.edu/1900/multimedia/video/pltzrCrusades.mov

http://history.journalism.ku.edu/1900/multimedia/video/muckrakers.mov

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Journal 12/3 Do boys and girls have the same

opportunities? Do men and women have equal rights in

public? Would you vote for a female president?

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Active on farms Mainly servants in mid 1800s Poor and middle class in cities had job

opportunities -> work for less pay than men-> 1900 -> 1 of 5 had jobs

Garment industry Telephone operators High school education -> teachers,

bookkeepers, typists, stenographers Domestic work -> cooks and maids -> blacks

and immigrants

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In the mid 1800s most women worked as _____________, but as they moved into the cities they found jobs such as _____________________.

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Poor women -> low wages + long hours Middle + upper class women discuss

reforms in women’s clubs Vassar College (1865) = first women’s

college Women become more independent

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No political power 1869 - Susan B. Anthony + Elizabeth

Cathy Stanton found National Women Suffrage (voting) Association (NWSA)

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Who would not want women to have voting power? What did women want to limit?

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1. Women convinced some state legislatures to allow women to vote

2. Women attempted to vote -> tested the 14th Amendment

3. Pushed for national constitutional amendment to grant women voting power

Not much success

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Task: Creating placards or signs that demonstrators in favor of woman suffrage might carry

Purpose: To understand the history and goals of the woman suffrage movement

Directions: 1. Make a list of slogans with your group 2. Make 2 signs/posters that could have been

displayed at a rally for woman suffrage

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1. Name 2 of the 4 goals of progressivism. 2. What were women concerned with

reforming? 3. What reforms took place concerning the

workplace? 4. How were elections reformed? 5. What are muckrakers? 6. What opportunities did women have in

the workplace in the early 1900s? 7. What was the suffrage movement?

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1. protect social welfare, promote moral improvement, create economic reform, foster efficiency

2. temperance movement, opening kindergartens, visiting inmates, helping immigrants, suffrage, working conditions

3. Taylorism, Scientific management -> shorter work day, banning of child labor, 10 hour work day, workers’ compensation

4. Secret ballot, Initiative – a bill organized by people rather than lawmakers placed on ballot Referendum – a vote on the initiative Recall – voters could remove public officials by vote before

the end of their term Primary system – vote for candidates of public office instead

of selection by political machines

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5. Journalists during the beginning of the 190os who investigated and wrote about abuses (corruption, child labor, etc.) to bring about reform.

6. Garment industry, telephone operators, high school educated (teachers, bookkeepers), most were servants (cooks and maids)

7. Pursuit of voting rights for women

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Book written in 1906 Sinclair wrote the novel to portray life of

immigrants in the U.S. Most readers were concerned with section on

meatpacking Poverty, lack of social programs, unpleasant

living and working conditions Hopelessness of working class vs. corruption of

people in power Sinclair was a muckraker – journalist who

exposed corruption in government and business

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Sinclair spent 7 weeks working undercover in the meatpacking plants of Chicago

Plot Summary Main character is Jurgis Rudkus – a poor

Lithuanian immigrant in Chicago Lives with his wife in Packingtown district Works at a slaughterhouse Thought the U.S. would offer more freedom

but working conditions are harsh 35

1900 – Pres. McKinley is assassinated -> T. Roosevelt becomes Pres.

New Yorker Hunter + boxer + writer Fought against Spanish in Cuba

Rough Riders – cavalry unit Modern Pres. = active, forceful, energetic,

executive, uses his position to shape legislation and influence the media, believed in a powerful central govt.

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Trusts – legal groups created to hold stock in many companies – controlled 4/5 of industries

T. Roosevelt filed 44 suits under Sherman Antitrust Act

Northern Securities Company is broken up (railroad monopoly)

Arbitration commission settles coal strike 1902 Both sides called to white house Pres. threatens to take over the mines

Hepburn Act (1906) – limits distribution of free railroad passes + ICC sets rates

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1906 – Roosevelt appoints commission to study meatpacking industry -> urges Congress to pass Meat Inspection Act –> cleanliness requirements + federal meat inspection

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act Truthful labels

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Conservation – preserve some land and develop others

148 million acres of forest reserves, national parks

National Reclamation Act - large-scale irrigation projects – Roosevelt Dam

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Indifferent Booker T. Washington invited to dinner 1909 – W.E.B. Dubois found the National

Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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William Howard Taft = Pres. 1908 Cautious progressive Busted 90 trusts Angered progressives by signing Payne-

Aldrich Tariff (higher tariffs) Angered conservationists -> removed 1

million acres of forest from the reserved list

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Two groups – Progressives and conservatives

1912 -> T. Roosevelt decides to run fro Pres. and is nominated by new Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party) Women’s suffrage,

initiative, 8-hour work day, minimum wage for women

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Taft – conservative Roosevelt – progressive but did not

oppose all big business Eugene V. Debs – socialist – end of

capitalism Wilson – democrat - wins Woodrow Wilson -> progressive reform -

> New Freedom -> strong anti-trust legislation -> against political corruption

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Donkey = Democrats Bull Moose = Progressive Party Republican Party = Elephant/G.O.P.

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http://hti.osu.edu/opper/lesson-plans/the-election-of-1912

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Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) – strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act + protected labor unions

Federal Trade Commission (1914) – investigated unfair business practices

Lower tariffs leads to 16th Amendment (1913) – federal income tax on individuals and corporations to raise revenue

Federal Reserve Act of 1913 – nation is divided into 12 districts with a regional bank in each one

Federal Reserve System – maintain stable prices, moderate interest rates, loan money to other member banks

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College educated women Door-to-door Trolley tours Picket line around the White House WWI – knitted socks for soldiers 19th Amendment (1919)

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Opposed federal antilynching laws Segregated federal offices in Washington,

D.C. 1914 America enters WWI and reform

efforts end

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____________ was defeated in the Presidential election of 1912 because of a split in the ___________________ Party.

The _________ Amendment was passed to raise revenue after __________ had been lowered.

WWI affected the women suffragist movement because _____________________.

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