1 managing change and innovation. 2 learning outcomes describe the change variables a manager can...

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Managing Change Managing Change and Innovationand Innovation

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Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

• Describe the change variables a

manager can control

• Study internal and external forces of

change

• Analyze managers as change agents

• Explain why people resist change

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Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

• Learn how to reduce resistance to change

• Define organization development and learn

four OD techniques

• Review the causes and symptoms of stress

• Compare creativity and innovation

• Learn how organizations can stimulate

innovation

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Categories of Categories of ChangeChange

• Change is defined an alternation of an organization’s environment, structure, technology, or people

• Managers can change – Structure (e.g., – Technology– people

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Competition

TechnologyEconomicEconomicConditionsConditions

GovernmentPrograms

External Forces of External Forces of ChangeChange

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InternalForces ofChange

InternalForces ofChange Impact ofImpact of

ExternalExternalEventsEvents

Impact ofImpact ofExternalExternalEventsEvents

InternalInternalOperationsOperations

InternalInternalOperationsOperations

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OutsideOutsideConsultantsConsultants

StaffStaffSpecialistsSpecialistsManagersManagers

Agents of ChangeAgents of Change

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The “Calm Waters” The “Calm Waters” MetaphorMetaphor

The “Calm Waters” The “Calm Waters” MetaphorMetaphor

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

Lewin’s Three-Step Process

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Lack ofLack ofStabilityStability

ConstantConstantChangeChange

Virtual Virtual ChaosChaos

Lack ofLack ofPredictabilityPredictability

White-WaterWhite-WaterRapidsRapids

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Resistance to ChangeResistance to Change

Uncertainty and Ambiguity

Fear of Personal Loss

Lack of Faith in Change

Uncertainty and Ambiguity

Fear of Personal Loss

Lack of Faith in Change

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Education andCommunicationEducation and

Communication ParticipationParticipation

NegotiationNegotiation Facilitationand SupportFacilitationand Support

CoercionCoercionManipulationand CooptationManipulation

and Cooptation

Techniques forReducing Resistance

Techniques forReducing Resistance

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Techniques for Techniques for Managing ChangeManaging Change

AuthorityAuthority

CoordinationCoordination

CentralizationCentralization

AttitudesAttitudes

ExpectationsExpectations

BehaviorBehavior

ProcessesProcesses

MethodsMethods

EquipmentEquipment

PeoplePeopleTechnologyTechnologyStructureStructure

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Organizational Organizational Development TechniquesDevelopment Techniques

• Intergroup development

• Process consultation

• Survey feedback

• Team building

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ImportanceImportanceImportanceImportanceUncertaintyUncertaintyUncertaintyUncertainty

What Is Stress?What Is Stress?What Is Stress?What Is Stress?

DemandsDemandsDemandsDemandsConstraintsConstraintsConstraintsConstraints

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OrganizationalOrganizational

Stress FactorsStress Factors

OrganizationalOrganizational

Stress FactorsStress Factors

Task DemandsTask DemandsTask DemandsTask Demands

Role DemandsRole DemandsRole DemandsRole Demands

Interpersonal DemandsInterpersonal DemandsInterpersonal DemandsInterpersonal Demands

Structural DimensionsStructural DimensionsStructural DimensionsStructural Dimensions

Leadership TechniquesLeadership TechniquesLeadership TechniquesLeadership Techniques

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Personal StressPersonal StressFactorsFactors

FamilyFamilyFamilyFamily EconomicEconomicEconomicEconomicPersonalityPersonalityPersonalityPersonality

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PhysiologicalPhysiological

PsychologicalPsychological

BehavioralBehavioral

Stress

Three General Symptoms

Stress

Three General Symptoms

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Stress ManagementStress Management• Selection and placement

• Job redesign

• Participation

• Wellness programs

• Employee assistance

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What IsWhat IsCreativity?Creativity?

What IsWhat IsCreativity?Creativity?

• Combining new ideas

in unique ways or

associating ideas in

unuual ways

• Combining new ideas

in unique ways or

associating ideas in

unuual ways

What IsWhat IsInnovation?Innovation?

What IsWhat IsInnovation?Innovation?

• Turning creative ideas

into useful products,

services, or methods

of operation

• Turning creative ideas

into useful products,

services, or methods

of operation

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The CreativeThe CreativeProcessProcess

PerceptionPerception

InnovationInnovation

IncubationIncubation

InspirationInspiration

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StructuralStructuralVariablesVariablesStructuralStructuralVariablesVariables

Sources ofSources ofInnovationInnovationSources ofSources ofInnovationInnovation

OrganizationalOrganizationalCultureCulture

OrganizationalOrganizationalCultureCulture

HumanHumanResourcesResources

HumanHumanResourcesResources