1 pre-university engineering education in the ieee august 2007 piura, peru moshe kam educational...

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Pre-university Engineering Education in the IEEE

August 2007Piura, Peru

Moshe Kam Educational Activities

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A Few Words about IEEE

IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world

367,000 members in 150 countries A 501(c)3 organization in incorporated in New York

Originally concentrating on power engineering and communications IEEE at present spans technical interests across the spectrum of technology

From nanotechnology to oceanic engineering

In many respects IEEE has become “the steward of Engineering”

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It all starts in Philadelphia… AIEE

In 1884 the Franklin Institute organized the International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia

The Operator, 15 April 1884 “The…exhibition would be attended by foreign electrical savants, engineers, and manufacturers...it would be a lasting disgrace to American electricians if no American electrical national society was in existence to receive them with the honors due them from their co-laborers in the United States." Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Edwin Houston, and Edward Weston

AIEE’s First Technical Meeting 7-8 October 1884, the Franklin Institute

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Early Presidents

Alexander G. Bell Elihu Thomson Charles Steinmetz Frank Sprague

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A few more recent Presidents

Leah Jamieson Joseph Bordogna Michael Lightner Wallace Read

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AIEE IRE

Established 1884

An American Organization

Representing the establishment

Rooted in Power Engineering

First computers working group Now the Computer Society

Established 1908

An international Organization

Open to students, young professionals

Quick to adopt advances in radar, radio, TV, electronics, computers

Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (January 1913)

1963: Merger of AIEE and IRE to create IEEE

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Total IEEE Membership - 1963 to 2005

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

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What is IEEE?

A membership organization

A major creator and guardian of technical IP

A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together

both geographically and disciplinarily

A guardian of the future of Engineering

An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

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What is IEEE?

A membership organization

A major creator and guardian of technical IP

A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together

both geographically and disciplinarily

A guardian of the future of Engineering

An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

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What does IEEE do?

Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing

Organizes conferences

Develops standards

Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together

Organizes professional activities among engineering students

Educates the public about Engineering

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What does IEEE do?

Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing

Organizes conferences

Develops standards

Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together

Organizes professional activities among engineering students

Educates the public about Engineering

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Why is IEEE interested in pre-university engineering education?

Because it is in our stated and un-stated mission

Because in many IEEE Sections there is marked decline in the interest of young people in Engineering

This is bad for the future of these communities and would have a negative impact on their standard of living

Because we do not believe the problem is going to be tackled effectively without us

Industry does not appear to be able to address the problem directly

Governments do not appear sufficiently concerned (yet) Other engineering associations look up to us

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Some of the problems are related to national policy

Country Public expenditures on education

R&D investment per capita (1M people)

Argentina 3.5% 0.013%

Brazil 5.1% 0.004%

Ecuador 3.5% l.t 0.001%

Peru 2.9% l.t 0.001%

Austria 5.4% 0.2%

Spain 5.0% 0.02%

UNESCO World Education Report

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What is the Problem?

Flat or declining engineering enrollments in most developed nations

Coupled with disappointing performance of youth in Mathematics

E.g., “free fall” in Scandinavia

Insufficient number of engineers and engineering educational programs in most developing countries

Asia is far behind Europe and the US in number of engineers per capita

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New baccalaureate engineering degrees per year per million citizens (2004)

Country Number of degrees per million citizens

USA 468.3

China 271.1

India 103.7

SA 36.5

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What is the Problem?

Women & minority students conspicuously under-represented

Public perception of engineers/ engineering/ technology is largely misinformed Resulting in early decisions that block

the path of children to Engineering

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Engineering degrees US: 2005-2006

http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

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B.Sc Degrees in Engineering by Gender, US: 2005-2006

http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

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Engineering Degrees Awarded to women, US: 2005-2006

http://www.asee.org/publications/profiles/upload/2006ProfileEng.pdf

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B.Sc Degrees in Engineering by Ethnicity, US: 2005-2006

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Engineering has a problem of image

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From Collegeboard.com: LawIt helps to be… Are you ready

to…

fascinated by the relationship between law and society

engage in intense discussion of thorny legal problems ?

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From Collegeboard.com: Broadcast Journalism

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

sharp of mind and quick of tongue

learn how to find and interview sources?

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From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.

Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

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From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.

Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

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From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.

Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?

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From Collegeboard.com: Mechanical Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A fan of science and math, a creative problem solver, and someone who likes to take things apart to find out how they work.

Rely on your math skills? Master difficult scientific concepts? Take on a heavy course load? Spend five years as an undergrad…

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From Collegeboard.com: Electrical Engineering

It helps to be… Are you ready to…

A fan of science and math who’s curious about the way things work

Spend hours building detailed, complicated systems

Try, try, and try again when at first a project doesn’t succeed

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In many countries in the Western Hemisphere, student achievements in

mathematics are low

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OECD Program for International Student Assessment

Mathematics, 15 year old students

The United States

Finland, Korea, the Netherlands, Japan

Mexico

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What is the problem in Peru?

Currently almost all students in elementary-school age attend school

A series of studies and public statements by local specialists have assessed the quality of the pre-university educational system to be low

The way to assess: achievement in standardized tests

Peru has participated in one international achievement evaluation organized by UNESCO

Cueto et al. 2006

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International achievement evaluation (UNESCO)

This study included achievement of third and fourth grade students

in urban and rural areas in mathematics and language in Spanish only

Among twelve (12) countries in Latin America, Peru ranked…

Twelve (12) in fourth grade mathematics Eleven (11) in third grade mathematics

Ten (10) and Nine (9) in the same grades in language

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National Evaluations (1998)

National evaluations in mathematics were performed by the Peruvian Ministry of Education in 1998

in urban areas only

Deficiencies mostly in the topic of fractions and in general in problem solving

even in items that were classified by specialists as easy given the curriculum

Students seem to have no problem in performing routine arithmetic operations if they involve whole positive numbers only

Cueto et al. 2006

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2001 National Evaluation The Peruvian Ministry of Education at the end of 2001

performed a new national evaluation Most students in sixth grade were below the cut-off

scores set by specialists to reflect acceptable learning

The worse results in this and other evaluations have been in areas where poverty is higher

Bottom line: problems in the mathematics results of the Peruvian students

at least as they can be defined through achievement in standardized tests using multiple choice items

Cueto et al. 2006

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Pre-university activities in IEEE

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On Line Portal

Tryengineering.org

“Strong On-line presence”

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The Web provides us with high potential for reachability

A successful portal can become a major resource for students, parents, school counselors, and teachers

But success is difficult in an ever-crowded medium

Effort needs to be coupled with more modern tools

Instant messaging, podcasts

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TryEngineering.org

A comprehensive portal on engineering for young people

Original target audience: young people ages 8-18

Designed to convey excitement about engineering and design

Can-do attitude Hands-on experience Positive image of the engineering process and

engineering

“Discover the creative engineer in you”

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TryEngineering.orgA portal for students, parents, school counselors and teachers

School searchBy location, program, environment

Day in the life of an engineer

Hands-on and virtual projects

Class plans for teaching engineering design

Ask an engineerBrought to you by SAE

Ask a studentBrought to you by JETS

Games Summer camps, internship opportunities

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Unique features

School search

Ask an Engineer

Ask a Student

Coming up: Opportunities Pre-university students: summer camps, science fairs University students: research opportunities, summer

and co-op jobs Graduating students: graduate study opportunities,

academic jobs

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On-line Presence: TryEngineering

TryEngineering.org is becoming an increasingly popular resource for the pre-university and university communities

40,000 visitors per month

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Countries of Users: English Version

US (70%) India (5%) China (3.3%) Canada United Kingdom Austria Australia

Malaysia Germany Japan Thailand South Africa Korea Brazil

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Most Requested Files: Lesson Plans

Build a robot arm Close to 17,000 downloads

Cracking the Code (bar codes)

Critical Load (Civil Engineering)

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New University Searches: 15 Countries

Australia Brazil Canada Pakistan France Germany India Japan

Korea Mexico New Zealand Malaysia South Africa United Kingdom United States

What’s new

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New Languages

中文 Chinese

Deutsch German

Español Spanish

Français French

邦人 Japanese

русский Russian

What’s new

1 June 2007

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A New Original Game: Questioneering

What’s new

Question: The following are examples of word processing applications:

(A)LaTex and Microsoft Word(B)MIDI and RS-232 (C)Pdf and PCM(D)QWERTY and AZERTY

Questions created by 26 graduate students, engineers, and engineering professors

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A New Original Game: Questioneering

What’s new

Question: Artificial neural networks are...

(A)Brain implants designed by biomedical engineers(B)Models of interconnected processors used for

signal processing and computation (C)Neuron architectures present in people who were in

bad brain accidents(D) Internet discussion groups devoted to Cognitive

Science

We are looking for an Intern to provide players with more feedback

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Future services – focus on the University/College Student

Effective oral and written presentations

Job search and preparation for interview

Writing a resume

Looking for graduate school Graduate school homepage already available

through University Search

What’s new

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Future Services – interviews with students and practitioners

Interviews with students from California State University, Northridge

Interviews with ECE and Biomedical Engineering practitioners engaged in Biometrics work

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Future services: www.Accreditation.org

Introduction to Accreditation List of recognized accrediting bodies

worldwide And the programs they accredit

List of mutual recognition agreements Including original texts and commentary

Policy papers on accreditation

Links and scholarly papers

Coming in August 2007

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Teacher In Service Program

“Engineering in the Classroom”

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The Teacher In Service Program (TISP)

A program that trains IEEE volunteers to work with pre-university teachers

Based on approved Lesson Plans Prepared by IEEE volunteered Tested in classrooms Associated with Education Standards Designed to highlight engineering design

principles The cost is less than $100 for a class of 30

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How does it work?

Section volunteers run a TISP training event

EAB provides logistical support and instructors

Volunteers gather for a day and a half of training With teachers and school administrators

Volunteers spread the program in their school districts

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2006-2007Complete Underway

Boston (R1)

Indianapolis (R4)

Memphis (R3)

Kuala Lumpur (R10)

Cape Town (R8)

Piura, Peru (R9)

Rio de Janeiro (R9)

Baltimore (R2)

Dallas (R5)

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Expected attendance

Venue Expected Attendance

Piura At least 100

Rio de Janeiro 50-70

Baltimore 40-60

Dallas 50-70

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Recent information “From the Field”

Six new programs in South Africa To subject advisors and educators Total number of affected teachers will

be more than 700

Four new programs in Malaysia 160 teachers

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Activity Sample

http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/lessons.html

http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/slessons.html

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Rotational Equilibrium: A Question of Balance

Demonstrate the concept of rotational equilibrium, by building and testing a Mobile

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Build working models with household items

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Design and Build a Better Candy Bag

Lesson Focus

Demonstrate how product design differences can affect the success of a final product

in this case a bag for holding candy.

Students work in pairs to evaluate, design, and build a better candy bag

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New Lesson Plans

Give Binary A Try Computer arithmetic and ALU design

Hand Biometrics Technology Biometrics

Sail Away Watercraft design

Simple Kitchen Machines Simple Machines

Dispenser Designs Design: user satisfaction, costs, materials

Engineering Ups and Downs Elevators

Build a Big Wheel Ferris Wheels

What’s new

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Additional New Lesson Plans Sort it Out Sticky Engineering

Challenge Ship the Chip Move That

Lighthouse! A Question of Balance Program Your Own

Game

Engineering Air Traffic Pipeline Challenge Infrared Investigations Hull Engineering Engineered Sports Engineered Memory Wind Tunnel Testing

What’s new

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Questions and comments

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References Santiago Cueto, Cecilia Ramirez, Leon Juan: Opportunities

to Learn and Achievement in Mathematics in a Sample of Sixth Grade Students in Lima, PeruEducational Studies in Mathematics, v62 n1 p25-55 May 2006

http://www.gdnet.org/pdf/2002AwardsMedalsWinners/EducationKnowledgeTechnology/santiago_cueto_paper.pdf

Education and Training in Peru, http://commercecan.ic.gc.ca/scdt/bizmap/interface2.nsf/vDownload/ISA_2032/$file/X_3134639.DOC