1 social-emotional development of the preschooler chapter 17 page 404
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Developing Social Awareness
• Social awareness grows during preschool years
• Becoming more dependable and can complete simple tasks at home
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Taking the Initiative• More independent
• Improved abilities
• Limitless energy
• Never ending curiosity
• Talk a lot and loudly
• Initiative = ability to think or act without being urged
• Guilt = blaming self for something done wrong
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• Children develop initiative when they are allowed to ask questions
• Experiment
• Explore
• Adults do need to step in and set limits
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Showing Responsibility
• Takes time and calls for experience
• Adults can help by:
• Become responsible by setting examples
• Give children chances to learn
• Follow through with praise or other reward for success
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Learning Gender Roles
• Important part of social awareness
• Learn how to fit into certain social groups
• Gender-role learning is learning what behavior is expected of males and females
• Children (age 3yrs) know there is a difference between boys and girls
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How Does Gender Role Develop?• Learn roles by how others treat them • How they see other in their male and female
roles• Sex typing – treating boys and girls differently
– Difference in clothing worn– Toys received– Ways parents react to boys and girls
– Other families don’t distinguish a difference
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Cultural Factors
• Society’s view of male and female roles is not as clearly defined
• Traditional gender roles:
• Male more aggressive, economic head of family
• Female as wife and mother who stays home
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• Sexual stereotyping – statement or hint that men and women always do or should do certain tasks
• Found in books, TV shows, some conversations
• Different cultures/groups hold different beliefs about gender roles
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Extending Social Relations
• Increase social learning by:
• Sharing, controlling anger, thinking of other’s feelings, and joint efforts
• Adults still important– Serve as role models– Self-control, manners, model relationships,
etc
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Other Children Become More Important
• Siblings and peers are more important
• Peers – unrelated children who are near the same age
• Have fun playing with other child, while others do not
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Making Friends• Depends on child’s friendliness• Ability to follow group rules• Lack of dependence on adults• Prefers friend of same gender
• May be self-centered view on friendship• Friends play with, help you and share• 2 -3 form a closed circle• Too many friends may not get enough attention
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Learning from Play Groups
• Get new ideas
• Play with more than one child
• Become less self-centered in peer groups
• Children learn that friends are fun
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Feeling and Controlling Emotions
• Still react to common childlike stressors
• Stressors = situations that cause stresses
– Short separations from adults– Fear of monsters
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Dependency
• Emotional dependency = the act of seeking attention, approval, comfort, and contact
• Preschoolers are more likely to accept comfort from strangers
• May ask an adult to button their coat, etc
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Fear & Anxiety
• New fear and anxieties replace previous ones
• Boys have a greater variety of fears
• Girls have fewer fears but more intense
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Fears Common Features
• Fear of the known– Vacuum cleaner– Fears of physical injury
• Death by fire, auto, accident– Fear of pain– Medical or dental
• Anxiety of general nature– Tornado, thunderstorm
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Anger and Aggression
• Begin at 10 months
• Hit and bite less but threaten and yell more
• Increased language skills help
• Anger and aggression towards siblings and peers more than adults
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Causes of Anger and Aggression
• Children often use aggression to get their way
• Or intentional hurt someone
• Get to the bottom of it
• Get help if needed
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Jealousy
• Begins when people realize they must share with others love, attention, possessions and time
• Most common time for jealousy is when a new brother or sister is born
• Babies take time, they translate this as love
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