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The Belgian model: an example to other countries?
Gudrun JanssensPolicy Advisor Public Waste Agency for Flanders – OVAMBrussels - 14th October
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Belgian model: an example to other countries?
Applicable legislation concerning PRFsIMO Regulations and Guidelines
European Directive on Port Reception Facilities (PRFs)
ISO standards
Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Belgian model: an example?
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IMO Regulations and Guidelines
The MARPOL 73/78 Convention
Important requirements
MEPC Guidelines
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IMO Regulations and Guidelines
MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocols of 1978 and 1997, relating thereto, and amendments
Preamble: “desire to achieve the complete elimination of intentional pollution of the marine environment”
Belgium: Party to MARPOL• Ratified MARPOL Annexes I - VI
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IMO Regulations and Guidelines
Important requirements MARPOL
Record books & garbage management plans and placards• Which ships? Which Residues? Described in MARPOL• Review Annex V
Discharge MARPOL Residues into the sea / the shore (PRF)
• Where and which ships? Described in MARPOL• Each Party has to ensure the provision of adequate Port Reception
Facilities (PRFs) that meet the needs of ships using them, without causing undue delay
• Obligation often delegated to the Port Authority (PA)
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IMO Regulations and Guidelines
Delivery of MARPOL residues to PRFs is excluded from the Basel Convention
BASEL Convention• Waste, deriving from normal operation of a ship is excluded, when
covered by another international instrument
Waste Shipment Regulation EC/1013/2006 excludes• waste, deriving from normal operation of a ship, when covered by
another international instrument• + waste generated on board ships, until such waste is offloaded in
order to be recovered or disposed of !!!
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IMO Regulations and Guidelines
MEPC Guidelines
Guidelines for ensuring the Adequacy of PRFs -MEPC.83(44)
Guide to Good Practice for PRF Providers and Users -MEPC.1/Circ.671
Advanced Notification Form (ANF)Waste Delivery Receipt (WDR)Report Alleged inadequacies
http://gisis.imo.orgList inadequaciesDatabase existing PRFs
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IMO Regulations and Guidelines
MEPC Guidelines
Comprehensive Manual on PRFs
Try to provide answers to practical questions
e.g. adequacy? Undue delay,…?
Supplemented to MARPOL
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Belgian model: an example to other countries?
Applicable legislationIMO Regulations and Guidelines
European Directive on Port Reception Facilities (PRFs)
ISO standards
Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Belgian model: an example?
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Directive 2000/59/EC
1. Ensure availability of adequate port reception facilities
2. Development waste reception and handling plans
3. 24 Hours notification
4. Mandatory discharge
5. Cost recovery system
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Directive 2000/59/EC
1. Mandatory discharge for ship generated waste
Deliver all ship generated waste before leaving port
Exemption: when sufficient storage capacity untill port of delivery
Nevertheless mandatory when reasonable doubt about port reception facilities in port of delivery
Different from IMO Regulations
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Directive 2000/59/EC
1. Cost Recovery System for ship generated waste
System principles• no incentive to discharge at sea• all ships contribute, irrespective of the use
− exemption possible for “frequent and regular” ships− fee covers at least 1/3 cost of PRF’s, incl. treatment and disposal
waste• cost port reception facilities covered through collection of fee from ships
Mandatory: different IMO Regulations
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Belgian model: an example to other countries?
Applicable legislationIMO Regulations and Guidelines
European Directive on Port Reception Facilities (PRFs)
ISO Standards
Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Belgian model: an example?
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Belgian model: an example to other countries?
Applicable legislationIMO Regulations and Guidelines
European Directive on Port Reception Facilities (PRFs)
ISO Standards
Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Belgian model: an example?
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Target groups:
Commercial ports
Fishing ports
Marinas
Inland waterways
For each target group: tailor made approach
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Commercial ports
Antwerp, Zeebrugge and Ghent
Ostend: slight differences
Open market system
Ship entering commercial port pays separate waste fee:• a fixed part• a recoverable part
» Notification ok» proof waste was/will be delivered to PRF
= enforcement !
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Cost Recovery System in commercial port
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Financial incentives to discharge:• if ship discharges in EU port: refund• + if ship discharges waste in Flemish port, discount from
waste fund
Use of PRF is encouraged!• Positive financial benefit for ship when delivering waste
Tracking system whether waste was / will be delivered to PRF
By monitoring: create ship discharge past
EnforcementPSC: team enforcement Directive 2000/59Yearly audit waste fund
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Fishing PortsZeebrugge, Ostend, Nieuwpoort: 130 vessels
No notification needed!
PRF’s: container park + mobile waste contractors
Waste reception and handling plans: same principles
Fee system: subscription system: 1000 euro/year
Access to container park (badge) & discharge of all waste
Every year: recalculation of fee
Freeriders: inspections!
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Before and after: waste in fishing ports
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Marinas
Port reception facilities:• containers: glass, paper, cans, small hazardous
waste (paint, oily rags, batteries, etc.)• pumping station: bilges, sewage
Waste reception & handling plans: same plan in every port
Blue Flag (FEE): WRHP mandatory (inland ports!)
Waste fee included in port dues
No notification needed for small recreational crafts
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Marinas (Nieuwpoort)
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Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Inland waterways receiving sea-going vessels
2 major regional authorities: 500 seagoing vessels per year
PRF’s: containers + mobile waste contractors
separate waste fee: 25 euro = 1 m³ garbage (Annex V)
every year: recalculation
notification needed
regional WRHP’s: same for 2 authorities
CCR - Convention on waste for inland navigation!
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Belgian model: an example to other countries?
Applicable legislationIMO Regulations and Guidelines
European Directive on Port Reception Facilities (PRFs)
ISO Standards
Practical implementation in Belgian ports
Belgian model: an example?
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Belgian model: an example?
Some strong elements and some weaknesses
No copy - paste but tailor made approach needed
Party State to the IMO? Ratify MARPOL? Which Annexes?
Developed country, developing country?
Different port types = different approaches
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Belgian model: an example?
Strenghts
Mandatory discharge (as in all EU Member States)environmentally sound waste treatment
Cost Recovery System that creates true positive incentive • Ship who delivered: rewarded• Second incentive: direct discount (waste fund)• Reporting system: electronically
Reporting systemClose monitoring ships’ dischargeCross-check with data waste contractors and ships notificationDubious data: PSC inspection
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Belgian model: an example?
Strenghts
Enforcement PSC: Team enforcement waste
Cost Recovery SystemYearly audit
Open market system: Efficient service (competition improves adequacy)Correct price level
Co-operation between competent authorities / stakeholders• PSC, environmental and maritime agencies, port authorities, waste
contractors, ship agents, …
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Belgian model: an example?
Possibilities to improve through EU legislation?
Mandatory discharge ship generated waste• Depend on GISIS
√ database PRFs and reported alleged inadequacies√ objective (in stead of “reasonable doubt”)
• Develop (international) standards, criteria when to discharge?√ What is sufficient storage capacity (IOPP?)
Cargo residues• Part of MARPOL Annex V• Cost Recovery System and mandatory discharge?
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Belgian model: an example?
Enforcement and monitoring• Sirenac information system for the identification of polluting or potentially
polluting ships? Safe Sea Net?• Monitoring: creating ships’s discharge past!• Making ships aware and responsible for the waste they discharge!
What is excluded from Basel convention / WSR?• Waste, deriving from normal operation of a ship is excluded, when
covered by another international instrument• All waste generated on board?• Normal operation of a ship? Guidance from IMO?• When Basel? When MARPOL?• Today? No, near future!
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Belgian model: an example?
EU and its Member States should
Set high standards for EU ports
Try to improve
Take into accountMarine pollution is by its nature transboundary
√ Drifts with ocean currents and winds√ Shipping companies, owners
• Importance of MARPOL √ National and even EU legislation also has it limits
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Belgian model: an example?
Improve international legislation
Clear international guidance on some basic principles
More stringent international legislation on the use of PRFs and on the development of PWMP
• Development of a cost recovery system tailored to the ports’ needs• Mandatory discharge is advisable, but take into account waste treatment
Today?
In the near future because of increasing need for adequate port reception facilties
• E.g water containing cargo residues• Unreasonable to ask Party States to provide PRFs without obliging ships
to use them
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So we can prevent …
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and preserve the marine environment …
Thank you for your kind attention !
Gudrun.Janssens@ovam.be
T: 015 284 361F: 015 434 403
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