1.1 sustainable development and system innovation vezzoli 09-10 (31)
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Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
carlo vezzoli politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability
course System Design for Sustainability subject 1. Sustainable development and design: the reference framework
learning resource 1.1
Sustainable development and system innovation
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
CONTENTS . a context in strong evolution (and crises) . the sustainable development . environmental sustainability . socio-ethical sustainability . economic/legislative sustainability . dimension and quality of change . system innovation for sustainability
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
A CONTEXT IN A STRONG EVOLUTION . advent of information and comunication technologies (technologies of knowledge are at the based of productivity, competition and power) . interconnection (people, ideas, images, goods, money, are circulating like never before) . network society (not anymore only divided into independent and isolated nations or communities) . enterprises in network (teamwork, networking, outsourcing, subcontracting, delocalisation,…) . …
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
A CONTEXT IN A STRUCTURAL CRISES (1/2) ECONOMIC CRISIS (AND SOCIAL) 2008-201X: [STRUCTURAL, NOT JUST FINANCIAL] . crisis of the industrial model based on material consumption: services (not products) produce 50% Europe GDP and 75% of U.S. GDP . high feedstock„s prices . global food crisis . high global inflation . threat of a recession in the world . crisis of credit . crisis of confidence in stock exchange markets ... . unemployment
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ENVIROMENTAL CRISIS: THE DISCOVERY OF ENVIROMENTAL LIMITS (AND IRREVERSIBILITY HARMFUL EFFECT)
1972: Meadows, Meadows, Randers, Behrens, Limits to Growth, MIT, USA
> FIRST FORECAST OF A POSSIBLE GOBAL ECO-SYSTEM COLLAPSE
A CONTEXT IN A STRUCTURAL CRISES (2/2)
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
FACING THE DOUBLE CRISIS (TODAY): SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL 危机: CRISIS (危: RISK; "机: OPPORTUNITIES ') in Chinese (as in other languages), the word crisis has two meanings, risk and opportunity . many (rightly) talk about risks . we should/must (also) talk about opportunities [the same nature of design is to consider the opportunities and become its promoter]
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMICAL CRISIS WHICH ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES? DO WE KNOW ANY OFFER/BUSINESS MODELS CAPABLE OF CREATING (NEW) VALUE DECOUPLING IT FROM THE MATERIALS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION? > significantly reducing the environmental impact of traditional production/consumption systems?
[about opportunities]
A KEY CONTEMPORARY QUERRY:
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
"The threat of climate change is serious, urgent and growing."
"The response to this challenge of our generation will be judged by history, to the point that if we fail, we risk to deliver to future generations an irreversible catastrophe"
"There is now a widespread understanding of the urgency of the challenge we are facing. We know what must be done. "
Barack Hussein Obama, USA president, September 22, 2009, the UN General Assembly
SUSTAINABILITY: INTERNATIONAL PRIORITIES?
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
2005-2014: UNITED NATION DECADE ON EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
integrate the principles, values, and practices of sustainable development into all aspects of education and learning even DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY starts to be diffused in the curricula of design schools
EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL PRIORITY
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
A SOCIAL AND PRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT
that takes place within the limits set by the
“nature” and meets the needs of the present
without compromising those of the future
generation within a world-wide equitable
distribution of resources
. 1987: Our common future, WCED, ONU (first definition)
. 1991: Caring for the earth, UNEP, WWF, IUCN
. 1992: conference ONU, Environment and development, Rio de Janeiro
. 1994: fifth environmental action plan, European Commission … . 2002: summit ONU, Sustainable development, Johannesburg . 2006/2009: Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS), European Commission . 2005-2014: Decade UNESCO “Education for Sustainable development”
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ENVIRONMENTAL: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL - not to exceed the biosphere and geosphere
“resilience”
SOCIO-ETHICAL - same resources (satisfaction) level for future
generations - equity in the distribution of resources (satisfaction)
ECONOMIC (AND LEGISLATIVE) - economically practicable and prosperous solutions
THE SUSTAINABILITY DIMENSIONS
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
[THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE]
THE HARMFULNESS/IRREVERSIBILITY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS/EFFECTS
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
serra
greenhouse effect
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ozono
ozone layer deplation
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
eutrhophication
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
acid
ifica
tion
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
toxici ty
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
rifiuti wastes
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS
PRESERVE THE RESOURCES
PREVENT THE POLLUTION
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: SCENARIOS
BIO-COMPATIBILITY resources flows compatible with the natural system
NON-INTERFERENCE “self-financing” of the artificial system‟s resource flows DEMATERIALIZATION reduction of the resources flows to satisfy a particular social demand of needs and desires
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
EQUITY PRINCIPLE [UN, Johannesburg, 2002] “every person, in a fair distribution of resources, has a right to the same environmental space, i.e. to the same availability of global natural resources” (or better, to the same level of “satisfaction” that can be achieved from these resources in different ways) SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION [EU, SDS, 2006/2009] “promotion of a democratic, socially inclusive, cohesive, healthy, safe and just society with respect for fundamental rights and cultural diversity that creates equal opportunities and combats discrimination in all its forms”
SOCIO-ETHICAL SUSTAINABILITY
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ERADICATING POVERTY
THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIMENSION: ACTIONS
Rome, 11.2009: World Summit on Food Security, FAO
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
[. eradicating poverty]
. promotion of principles and rules of democracy
. promotion of human rights and freedom
. achievement of peace and security
. access to information, training, employment
. respect for cultural diversity, regional identity
THE SOCIO-ETHICAL DIM.: (OTHER) ACTIONS
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ECONOMIC PROSPERITY [EU, SDS, 2006] promote a prosperous, innovative, knowledge-rich, competitive and eco-efficient economy which provides high living standards and full and high-quality employment
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
PROPER ATTRIBUTION OF THE COSTS TO RESOURCES environmental resources‟ costs “internalisation”
ORIENTING (MAIN) ONGOING TRANSITIONS
interconnection, glocalization, services, information, etc. ENHANCING PROMISING (OF NICHE) ECONOMIC MODELS e.g. sustainable system innovation or distributed economies
ECONOMIC (LEGISLATIVE) SUSTAINABILITY: ACTIONS
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
IN 50 YEARS A WORLD-WIDE EQUITABLE SYSTEMS
OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SHOULD USE
~90% LESS RESOURCES THAN THE
INDUSTRIALISED CONTEXTS ARE DOING TODAY
SUSTAINABILITY: SIZE OF CHANGE
. 1993: Wuppertal institute,vari report
. 1993: WBCSD, Getting Eco-Efficient
. 2004: Meadows, Meadows, Randers, Behrens, Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update . 2007: IPCC, Climate change report …
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
SUSTAINABILITY: QUALITY OF CHANGE
PROMOTE (EVEN) SYSTEM INNOVATIONS
RADICAL CHANGE (“DISCONTINUITY”)
DIFFUSED INNOVATION
PROMOTE PLAUSIBLE AND “ATTRACTIVE” (SYSTEM) INNOVATIONS
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
SYSTEM INNOVATIONS
from the process and product innovation to the system innovation:
innovation of the mix of products and services that are together able to fulfil a particular demand of (customer) “satisfaction”, as well as the innovation of the interaction of the stakeholders of the related “satisfaction system (or value production system).
“A value system includes the value chains of a firm's supplier (and their suppliers all the way back), the firm itself, the firm distribution channels, and the firm's buyers (and presumably extended to the buyers of their products, and so on).” [Michael Porter, 2006]
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
AN EXAMPLE OF
(SUATINABLE) SYSTEM INNOVATION
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ARISTON + ENEL: PAY-PER-USE
payment is based on number of washes and includes: delivery of a washing machine at home (not owned), electricity supply (not directly paid), maintenance, up-grading and end-of-life collection.
the innovative interaction between the two companies and the client, make the companies‟ interest to design and provide (and design) high efficient, long lasting, reusable and recyclable washing machines
Carlo Vezzoli
Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
SYSTEM INNOVATION: CHARACTERISTSICS
WIN-WIN POTENTIAL: SYSTEM ECO-EFFICIENCY innovation in which is the company/companies‟ economic and competitive interest that leads to an environmental impact reduction (system eco-efficiency) STAKEHOLDERS‟ INTERACTIONS INNOVATION
radical innovation, not so much as technological one, but rather as innovative interactions/partnership/services among the stakeholders of a particular satisfaction system
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