16 august 2015 delft university of technology electrical power system essentials et2105 electrical...
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19 April 2023
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Electrical Power System Essentials
ET2105 Electrical Power System Essentials
Prof. Lou van der Sluis
The Generation of Electric Energy
22. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Generation of Electric Energy
• Electricity: the energy carrier of the future
• Boundary conditions:• Oil, gas, coal and uranium resources are limited• Ecological impact• Reliability of supply• Low prices
32. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Fuel Mix
Capacity [GW] France Netherlands Germany Austria Switzerland Italy
Hydro power 25.4 - 9.1 11.8 13.3 21.1
Nuclear power 63.2 0.5 20.3 - 3.2 -
Conventional thermal 24.8 19.3 70.4 6.3 0.3 66.2
Renewables 2.4 2.3 24.5 0.9 0.3 2.5
total 115.8 22.1 124.3 19.0 17.1 89.8
Installed generation capacity in some European countries in the year 2006
42. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Thermal Power Plant (1)
The Amercentrale in the Netherlands (Courtesy of TenneT TSO B.V.)
52. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Thermal Power Plant (2)
The principal components of a thermal power plant with the Rankine Cycle
62. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Principals of Thermodynamics (1)
• Q : The heat added to the system [J]• U : The internal energy [J]• W : The work done by the system [J]• P : The gas pressure [Pa]• V : The gas volume [m3]
dQ = dU + dW = dU + pdV
72. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Principals of Thermodynamics (2)
pV-diagram of an ideal gas with two states (p1, V1) and (p2, V2)
82. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Principals of Thermodynamics (3)
Schematic representation of a heat engine working between a hot reservoir (T1) and a cold reservoir (T2)
92. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Principals of Thermodynamics (4)
The pV-diagram of the Carnot cycle
102. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Thermal Power Plant (1)
The principal components of a thermal power plant with the Rankine Cycle
112. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Thermal Power Plant (2)
The Rankine Cycle
122. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Nuclear Power Plant (1)A typical fission reaction
132. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Nuclear Power Plant (2)The Boiling Water Reactor
142. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Nuclear Power Plant (3)The Pressurized Water Reactor
152. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Nuclear FusionA typical fusion reaction
162. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Wind Energy
Courtesy of TenneT TSO B.V.
172. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Wind Turbines (1)The Danish wind turbine concept
182. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Wind Turbines (2)Wind turbine with a doubly-fed induction generator
192. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Wind Turbines (3)A direct drive wind turbine
212. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Water Turbines (1)The Kaplan Water Turbine
Courtesy of Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation GmbH & Co. KG
222. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Water Turbines (2)The Francis Water Turbine
Courtesy of Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation GmbH & Co. KG
232. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Water Turbines (3)The Pelton Wheel Turbine
Courtesy of Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation GmbH & Co. KG
242. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Solar Power (1)Solar Power Tower
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
252. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Solar Power (2)Solar Panels
Courtesy of DOE/NREL
262. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Geothermal Power (1)Dry Steam Power Plant
272. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Geothermal Power (2)Flash Steam Power Plant
282. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
Geothermal Power (3)Binary-Cycle Power Plant
292. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Synchronous Machine (1)
302. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Synchronous Machine (2)
Four-pole salient-pole rotorTwo-pole cylindrical rotor
Generator Types
312. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Synchronous Machine (3)Equivalent Circuit
No power exchange with the grid
322. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Synchronous Machine (4)
Generator injects power into the gridNo power exchange
Grid interaction
332. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Synchronous Machine (5)
Generator injects power into the grid
Equivalent Circuit
342. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Infinite Bus (1)
352. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Infinite Bus (2)
362. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Synchronous Machine (6)Generator Heating Limits
372. The Generation of Electric Energy | 38
Electrical Power System Essentials ET2105
The Synchronous Machine (7)Active power as a function of the power angel
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