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17SH1101 - PROBABILITY, STATISTICS AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT - I
PROBABILITY, RANDOM VARIABLES AND DISTRIBUTIONS:Sample space and
events, probability, the axioms of probability. Random variables, Discrete distribution,
Continuous distribution, Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Normal distribution,
Normal approximation to Binomial distribution.
UNIT - II
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS:Tests of hypothesis point estimations, interval estimations.
Large samples, null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, critical region, confidence interval for
mean, difference between the means, single proportion and difference of proportions. t -
distribution, F-distribution and Chi-square distribution.
UNIT - III
SOLUTIONS OF ALGEBRAIC AND TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATIONS:Bisection
method, Regular Falsi method, Iteration method, Newton Raphson method.
INTERPOLATION:Newton‟s forward interpolation, Newton‟s backward interpolation,
interpolation with unequal intervals, Lagrange‟s interpolation, Newton‟s divided difference
interpolation. Derivatives using Newton‟s forward formula, derivatives using Newton‟s
backward formula.
UNIT - IV
CURVE FITTING AND NUMERICAL INTEGRATION:Curve fitting: Fitting a straight
line, second degree curve, exponential curve, power curve by method of least squares.
Numerical integration, Newton cote‟s formula, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson‟s 1/3 rule,
Simpson‟s 3/8 rule.
UNIT - V
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:Single
step methods: Taylor‟s series method - Euler‟s and modified Euler‟s methods - fourth order
Runge-Kutta method for solving first and second order equations multi step methods:
Milne‟s and Adam‟s, predictor and corrector methods.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Grewal B.S (2007), Higher Engineering Mathematics, 40th edition, Khanna Publishers,
New Delhi.
2. Iyengar T. K. V., Krishna Gandhi B. & Others (2011), Probability and Statistics, 3rd
Revised Edition, S. Chand &Company Limited, New Delhi.
REFERENCES:
1. Iyengar T. K. V., Krishna Gandhi B. & Others (2011), Mathematical Methods, 6th Revised
Edition, S. Chand &Company Limited, New Delhi.
2. Bali N. P, NarayanaIyengar N. Ch (2004), A Textbook of Engineering Mathematics, 6th
edition, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi.
3. Sastry S. S (2005), Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, 4th Edition, Prentice
Hall of India Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
17PS1101 - COMPUTER METHODS IN POWER SYSTEM
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
INCIDENCE AND NETWORK MATRICES: Graphs, Incidence matrices, Primitive network
formation of network matrices by singular transformation, Bus admittance and bus impedance
matrices, Branch admittance and branch impedance matrices, loop impedance and loop admittance
matrices, Formation of network matrices by non-singular transformations, Branch admittance and
branch impedance matrices, loop impedance and loop admittance matrices
UNIT-II
ALGORITHM FOR THE FORMATION OF NETWORK MATRICES: Algorithm for
formation of bus impedance matrix, Addition of a branch, Addition of a link and modification of bus
impedance matrix.
UNIT-III
THREE PHASE NETWORKS: Three phase network elements, Algorithm for formation of
three-phase bus impedance matrix.
UNIT-IV
SHORT CIRCUIT STUDIES: Short circuit calculations using Zbus , fault currents and voltages,
short circuit calculations for balanced three phase network using Zbus.
UNIT-V
LOADFLOW STUDIES: Review of basic power system load flow techniques, Decoupled and
fast decoupled loadflow methods, Sparsity techniques and applications.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Advanced methods in power system Analysis and Dynamics” by L.P. Singh, Wiley
Eastern2.“Power systemanalysis” byD.V.Ramana, Pearson publications.
3. “Modelingof power system components” by P.S.R .Murthy, BS publications.
REFERENCES:
1. “Computer methods in Power system Analysis” by Stagg and Et.Abiad, Mc-Graw Hill publishers
2. “Modern power system analysis” by D.P.Kothari&I.J.Nagarath Tata Mcgra hill publishers
3. “Power system Analysis” by HadiSaadath, Tata Mcgrahill publishers.
4. “Computer aided power system analysis” by George L.Kusic, Prentice Hall of India.
17PS1102 - HVDC & FACTS
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
DC POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY: Introduction- Comparison of AC and DC
Transmission, Converter station, Description of DC Transmission systems, Choice of voltage level,
Modern trends in DC transmission.
ANALYSIS OF HVDC CONVERTERS: Pulse number, Choice of converter configuration,
Valve rating, Transformer, Simplified analysis of graetz circuit with and without overlap, Rectifier
and Inverter waveforms, Converter bridge characteristics.
UNIT-II
CONVERTER AND HVDC SYSTEM CONTROL: Principle of DC link control, Converter
Control characteristics, System and control hierarchy, Firing angle control, Current and excitation
angle control.
UNIT-III
REACTIVE POWER REQUIREMENTS IN STEADY STATE: Introduction, Reactive
power requirements in steady state, Sources of reactive power, Static Var systems, Reactive power
control during transients.
HARMONICS AND FILTERS: Introduction, Generation of harmonics, design of AC filters, DC
filters
UNIT-IV
FACTS CONCEPT: Transmission interconnections, Relative importance of controllable
parameters, basic types of FACTS controllers brief description and definitions of FACTS controllers.
STATIC SHUNT COMPENSATORS: Objectives of shunt compensation, static VAR
compensators: SVC &STATCOM, comparison between STATCOM &SVC
UNIT-V
STATIC SERIES COMPENSATORS: Objectives of series compensation, concepts of GCSC,
TSSC, TCSC, SSSC.
COMBINED COMPENSATORS: Unified power flow controller(UPFC) and interline power
flow controller(IPFC)
TEXTBOOKS:
1. “HVDC Power Transmission Systems” by K.R.Padiyar, New Age International publishers.
2. “Understanding FACTS” by NarainG,Hingorani, LarsloGyugi, Standard publishers.
REFERENCES:
1.“High Voltage Direct Current Transmission” by J. Arrillaga.
2.“FACTS controllers” by K.R.Padiyar, New age international publication
17PS1103 - POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT – I
LOAD – FREQUENCY CONTROL ANALYSIS: System Behavior, Modeling of single area
system , evaluation of system performance, supplementary control, modeling of multi area system,
uncontrolled two-area system static response, control strategy of multi area system, characteristic of
Tie-line frequency, Bias control, Inadvertent interchange, dynamic response state variable model of
two – area system.
UNIT – II
SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS : Symmetrical short – circuit analysis, symmetrical components
and sequence impedances, development of zseq-an Ilustration, fault configuration and equations,
general analysis of short circuit simplification of the model, symmetrical short-circuit capacity and its
use, sparse z.matrix.
UNIT – III
TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS : Derivation of Swing equation, representation of
synchronous machines, modeling of network and load, solution procedure, numerical methods an
illustration fast stabilities analysis, predicting stability, equal area criterion, long – duration Transient
stabilities, study factors affecting transient stability, dynamic stability study, transient stabilities,
study of interconnected system.
UNIT – IV
OPTIMUM OPERATING STRATEGIES :Generation mix, Optimum dispatch, Optimum
Economic dispatch: Cost function, constraint relations incremental generation costs, optimum
dispatch equations, inequality constraints, computation considerations.
UNIT – V
OPTIMUM GENERATOR ALLOCATIONS CONSIDERING TRANSMISSION
LOSS: Analysis of two-bus system , analysis of N-generator case incremental transmission loss,
computational procedure, Scheduling of hydro power plant- short term hydro thermal scheduling.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Computer Aided Power System Operation and Analysis” by P.N.DHAR, Tata MC Graw-
Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1987.
2. “Computer Aided Power Systems Analysis” by George L Kusic, PrenticeHall of India Private
Limited 1989.
REFERENCES:
1. “Elements of Power System Analysis” by Stevenson, W.D., MC Graw-Hill, Kogakusha,
1975.
2. “Electric Energy Systems Theory” by Olle I Elgerd.
17PS1104 - POWER QUALITY
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT - I
LONG INTERRUPTIONS AND RELIABILITY EVALUATION : Over view of power
quality , power qualities and power quality standards , observation of system performance standards
and regulation , overview of reliability evaluation , basic reliability evaluation techniques , cost of
interruptions , comparison of observations and reliability evaluation , example calculations.
UNIT - II
SHORT INTERRUPTIONS :Introduction , Technology , origin of short interruptions ,
monitoring of short interruption. Influence on equipment , single –phase tripping and stochastic
predication of short interruptions.
UNIT – III
VOLTAGE SAGS –CHARACTERIZATION : Introduction , voltage sag magnitude , voltage
sag duration , three phase unbalance ,phase –angle sumps magnitudes and phase –angle jumps for
three – phase unbalanced sags, other characteristics of voltage sags , load influence on voltage sags
,sags due to starting of induction motors.
UNIT – IV
VOLTAGE SAGS-EQUPMENT REHAVIOUR :Introduction, computers and consumer
electronics, adjustable – speed AC –drives adjustable speed DC – drive other sensitive load.
UNIT – V
VOLTAGE SAGS – STOCHASTIC ASSESSMENT: Compatibility between equipment and
supply, presentation of results: Voltage sag coordination chart, power quality monitoring, the method
of fault , positions, the method of critical distances.
TEXTS BOOKS:
1. “Understanding power quality problems” by Math H.J. Bollen , standard poblishers
distributors , 2001
2. “Electric power systems quality” by R.C. dugan , M.F. MC Gran aghan and H.W. Beaty, MC
Graw Hill New york 1996
3. “Electric power quality control Techniques” by W.E. Kazibew and M.H. Sendavla , Van
Nostrad Reinhold , New York.
REFERENCES:
1. “Analysis of Faulted Power Systems” by P.M. Anderson , New York : IEEE Press, 1995.
2. “Power Electronics and Motor control”by W.Sheperd L.N. Hulley and D.T.W. Liang,
2nd
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1995.
ELECTIVES
17PS11E1 - ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (EDS)
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION : Introduction to Distribution Systems – Classification of loads (Residential,
Commercial, agricultural and Industrial) and their characteristics – An overview of the role of
computers in distribution system planning, load modeling (impedance type and motor based loads)
and characteristics – coincidence factor – contribution factor and loss factor.
UNIT – II
DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS: Distribution feeders and substations – design
considerations of distribution feeders – Radial and loop types of primary feeders – voltage levels –
feeder loading – Basic Design practices of the Secondary Distribution System – Distribution System
Practices – High voltage and low voltage distribution systems and their salient features different types
of HVDs.
Location of Substations – Rating of Distribution Substations – Service area with „n‟ primary feeders.
Benefits derived through optimal location of substations.
UNIT – III
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS :Voltage drop and power loss calculation – Derivation for
voltage drop and power loss in lines – Manual Methods of Solution for Radial Networks - 3
balanced primary lines.
UNIT – IV
PROTECTIVE DEVICES AND CO-ORDINATION: Objectives of Distribution system
protection, Types of common faults and procedure for fault calculations – Protective Devices –
Principles of Operation of Fuses – Circuit Breakers – Co-ordination of protective devices – General
co-ordination procedure.
UNIT – V
COMPENSATION FOR POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT AND VOLTAGE CONTROL–
Capacitive compensation for power factor control – Different types of power capacitors – Shunt and
Series capacitors – effect of shunt capacitors (fixed and switched) – Power factor correction –
capacitor allocation – Economic justification – Procedure to determine the best capacitor location –
equipment for voltage control – effect of series capacitor – effect of AVB / AVR, line drop
compensation.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. “Electrical Power Distribution System Engineering” by TuranGonen, Mc-Graw Hill book
Company.
2. “Electric Power Distribution” by A.S.Pabla, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publication Company 4th
Edition
REFERENCES:
1. “Electric power distribution and automation” by Dr.S.Sivanagaraju, Dr.V.Sankar
17PS11E2 - DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
ENERGY CONVERSION: Introduction-principle of Renewable energy systems-grid-supplied
electricity-Distributed generation-Technical and social implications
UNIT-II
SOLAR ENERGY: Overview of solar energy conversion methods-solar radiation components-
collector-measurements-Estimation-solar water heating-calculation-types-analysis-economics-
applications-solar thermal power generation
UNIT-III
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION(DEC):DEC devices-photo voltaic system-solar cells-cell
efficiency-limitations-PV modules-Battery backup, system design-lighting and water pumping
applications.
UNIT-IV
FUEL CELLS: Types- losses in fuel cell- applications; MHD generators-application of MHD
generation.
WIND ENERGY: Characteristics-power extraction-types of wind machines-Dynamics matching-
performance of wind generators-wind mills-applications-economics of wind power
UNIT-V
BIOFUELS: Classification- Biomass conversion process- applications; Ocean thermal energy
conversion systems; Tidal and Wave power-applications; Micro and Mini hydel power, Hybrid
energy systems-implementation-case study
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Renewable energy sources” by Twidell J N&Weir AD‟ University Press, Cambridge
2. “Non conventional energy sources” by Rai G D, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
3. “Solar energy-principle of thermal collection and storage” by Sukhatme,S.PTaTaMcGraw
Hill
4. “Direct energy conversion” by Soo SL Prentice Hall Publication
5. “Fuel cell systems” by James Larminie, Andrew Dicks John Weily&Sons Ltd.
REFERENCES:
1. “Principles of solar engineering” by Kreith F and Kreider JF ,McGraw Hill
17PS11E3 - POWER SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-1
Measurement of large currents and voltages, current and voltage transformers, design equations and
operational characteristics, error compensation schemes.
UNIT-II
TRANSDUCER INSTRUMENTATION: Primary sensors, voltage and current generating analogue
transducers, variable parameter analogue transducers, transducer selection factors.
UNIT-III
DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION: Introduction, Basic measurement system, Digital voltage
measurement, Frequency measurement, Time measurement.
UNIT-IV
TELEMETRY SYSTEM: Introduction to information transmission, Basic ideas.
POINT TO POINT TELEMETERING: Basic principles, pneumatic and electrical system, voltage
and current telemetry.
UNIT-V
INSTRUMENTATION ASSOCIATED WITH POWER PLANT: Centralized control and
measurement in Thermal, Hydro, Nuclear power plants. Power line carrier principles.
TEXT BOOK:
1. “Electrical Instrumentation and measuring Techniques”by Cooper Helfrick, Prentice Hall
India.
REFERENCES:
1. “Instrumentation Mesaurement and Analysis”, by D.C.Nakra and K.K.Chowdhry, TaTa
McGraw Hill
17PS11E4 - SMART ELECTRIC GRID
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
Introduction to Smart grid-Smart grid functions-Advantages-Indian Smart grid
UNIT-II
Key challenge for smart grid-Smart grid Architecture-Components and Architecture of Smart grid
Design
UNIT-III
Transmission and Distribution automation-Computational intelligence techniques-Distribution
generation technologies
UNIT-IV
Introduction to Renewable Energy Technologies-Micro grids-Storage technologies-Electric Vehicles
and plug-in hybrids-Environmental aspects
UNIT-V
Synchrophasor measurement units(PMUS)-Wide area measurement systems(WAMS)-Control of
smart power grid system
TEXTBOOKS:
1. “Renewable and Efficient Electric power system”, by Gil Masters ,Wiley-IEEE Press 2004
2. “Synchronized phasor measurements and their Applications”, by A.G.Phadke and J.S.Thorp,
Springer,2008
REFERENCES:
1. Wind Power in Power systems by T.Ackermann,2nd
Edition,John Wiley and Sons,2012
17PS1201 - ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT - I
STATIC RELAYS : advantages of static relays – Basic construction of static relays – Level
detectors – Replica impedance – mixing circuits – general equation for two input phase and
amplitude comparators – Duality between amplitude and phase comparator.
UNIT - II
AMPLITUDE COMPARATORS: Circulating current type and opposed voltage type rectifier
bridge comparators – Direct and Instantaneous comparators.
PHASE COMPARATORS : Coincidence circuit type block spike phase comparator , techniques
to measure the period of coincidence – integrating type – Rectifier and vector product type phase
comparators.
UNIT – III
STATIC OVER CURRENT RELAYS: Introduction – Instantaneous over current relay – Time
over current relays – basic principles – Definite time and inverse definite time over current relay.
UNIT – IV
STATC DIFFERENTIAL RELAY: Analysis of static differential relays –static relay schemes –
Duo bias transformer differential protection – Harmonic restraint relay.
UNIT – V
MULTI – INPUT COMPARATORS: Conic section characteristics – Three input amplitude
comparator – Hybrid comparator – switched distance schemes – Poly phase distance schemes – Phase
fault scheme – Three phase scheme – combined and ground fault scheme.
MICROPROCESSOR BASED PROTECTIVE RELAYS: Introduction- Over current relays.
TEXTS BOOKS:
1. “Power Systems protection Static Relay” by T.S. Madhava Rao, Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Company Limited , Second Edition – 1998.
2. “Power System Protection and Switchgear” by Badri Ram and D.N. Vishwakarma, Tata
McGraw Hill Publication Company Loimited First –Edition – 1995.
3. “Power System Protection & Switchgear” by B.Ravindranath & M. Chander, New Age
International Publication.
REFERENCES:
1. “ Protective Relays , Theory & Practice (Vol.II ) by A.R.Van C. Warrington , Chapman &
Hall Edition , London
2. “Protective Relaying for Power Systems” by Horowitz ,, IEEE Press.
17PS1202 - POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS & STABILITY
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: System model, Analysis of steady state stability, Analysis of transient
stability.
UNIT-II
MODELING OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE: Introduction, synchronous machine, Park’s
Transformation, Analysis of steady state performance, per unit quantities.
UNIT-III
EXCITATION AND PRIME MOVER CONTROLLERS: Excitation system, Excitation
system modeling, Excitation systems- standard block diagram, system representation by state
equations.
UNIT-IV
DYNAMICS OF A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR CONNECTED TO INFINITE
BUS: System model, synchronous machine model, application of model 1.1, calculation of Initial
conditions.
UNIT-V
Small signal Analysis with block diagram representation, characteristic equation and application of
Routh-Hurwitz criterion, synchronizing and damping torques analysis, small signal model : state
equations.
APPLICATION OF POWER SYSTEM STABILIZERS: Introduction, Basic concepts in
applying PSS, control signals.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Power system dynamics, stability and control” by KR Padiyar, BS Publications
2. “Power system stability & control” by P. Kundur, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Professional.
REFRENCES:
1. “Power system dynamics and stability” by Peter. W. Sauer & M.A. Pai, Stipes Publishing
L.L.C 2006
2. “Power system stability Vol. I and III” by E.W. Kimbark, John Wiley and sons.
17PS1203 - AI TECHNIQUES IN POWER SYSTEMS
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
INTORDUCTION TO NEURAL NETWORKS: Introduction, Humans and computers,
organization of brain, Biological neuron, Biological and artificial neuron models-Introduction, neural
network models, architectures, knowledge presentation, learning process, learning tasks.
UNIT-II
FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS: Introduction, perceptron models, Discrete and
continuous perceptron networks, perceptron convergence thorem, limitation of perceptron model,
applications.
ANN PARADIGM: Back propagation, RBF algorithms, Hope field networks.
UNIT-III
GENETIC ALGORITHMS: Introduction, encoding, fitness function, reproduction operators.
GENETIC MODELING: Genetic operators- crossover and mutation, generational cycle,
convergence of genetic algorithm.
UNIT-IV
CLASSICAL AND FUZZY SETS: Introduction to classical sets, properties, operations and
relations; Fuzzy sets, membership, uncertainty, properties, fuzzy relations, cardinalities, membership
functions.
UNIT-V
FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS: Fuzzification, membership value assignment,
development of rule base and decision making system, defuzzification to crisp sets, defuzzification
methods.
APPLICATION OF AI TECHNIQUES: Load frequency control, speed control of dc and ac
motors
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Neural networks, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithms: synthesis and application” by
Rajasekharan and Rai, PHI publication
2. “Introduction to Artificial Neural systems” by Jacek M.Zuarda, Jaico publishing house.
REFERENCES: 1. “Fuzzy Control” by Kevin M. Passino, Stephen Yurkovich, Addison-Wesley(1998)
2. “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications” by Thimothy J Ross, Mc-Graw Hill New york
(1997)
17PS1204 - VOLTAGE STABILITY
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT –I
INTRODUCTION TO VOLTAGE STABILITY: Definitions-Voltage Stability, Voltage
Collapse, Voltage Security; Physical relation indicating dependency of voltage on reactive
power flow; Factors affecting Voltage collapse and instability; Previous cases of voltage
collapse incidences.
UNIT-II
GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE STABILITY: Comparison of Voltage and
angular stability of the system; Graphical Methods describing voltage collapse phenomenon:
P-V and Q-V curves; detailed description of voltage collapse phenomenon with the help of
Q-Vcurves.
UNIT-III
ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE STABILITY: Analysis of voltage stability on SMLB system: Analytical treatment and analysis.
Voltage Stability Indices : Voltage collapse proximity indicator; Determinant of Jacobin as
proximity indicators; Voltage stability margin.
UNIT-IV
POWER SYSTEM LOADS:
Loads that influences voltage stability: Discharge lights, Induction Motor, Air-
conditioning, heat pumps, electronic power supplies, OH lines and cables.
Reactive Power Compensation: Generation and Absorption of reactive power; Series and
Shunt compensation; Synchronous condensers, SVCs; OLTCs; Booster Transformers.
UNIT-V
VOLTAGE STABILITY MARGIN: Stability Margin: Compensated and un-compensated systems.
Voltage Security: Definition; Voltage security; Methods to improve voltage stability and its
practical aspects. TEXT BOOKS: 1. “Performance, operation and control of EHV power transmission system”-
A.CHAKRABARTHY, D.P.KOTARI and A.K.MUKOPADYAY, A.H.Wheeler Publishing,
I Edition, 1995.
2. “Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control” – K.R.PADIYAR, II Edition,
B.S.Publications. REFERENCE: 1. “Power System Voltage Stability”- C.W.TAYLOR, Mc Graw Hill, 1994
17PS1205 - REACTIVE POWER CONTROL
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: Reactive requirements of a transformer, magnetizing MVAR requirements of
transformer, tap changing in transformers, Effect of reactive loading on distribution transformers,
generation of harmonics, distribution lines. Reactive capability of a synchronous generator,
capacitors, static converters.
UNIT-II
Stability of a power system, criteria for stability, effect of capacitors on a stability load ability of a
line, dynamic voltage stability, transient stability, dynamics of load characters, varieties of static var
controllers.
UNIT-III
REACTIVE POWER PLANNING IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: Planning of
distribution system, Economic justification for reactive power planning, Zonal reactive power
requirements- EHV and UV Low tension capacitors, placement in distribution substation and upside
capacitors, retrofitting of capacitor banks.
UNIT-IV
REACTIVE POWER MANAGEMENT: Lighting loads total reactive power requirement of
lighting load in India, Harmonics, and other loads.
UNIT-V
REACTIVE POWER PLANNING: Controls of LT capacitor bank, types of automatically
controlled relays, basic disadvantages by power factor of control, susceptibilities of APFC relays,
different methods of harmonic reduction,; shunt capacitors, tuned capacitor filters, damped fitters,
fitting efficiencies, filters on LT & HT networks.
TEXT BOOKS: 1. “Reactive Power Management” by D M Tagare, Tata McGraw-Hill Education in 2011
REFERENCES: 1. “Reactive power control in Electric power systems” by T.J.E.Miller, John Wiley and sons,
1982
ELECTIVES
17PS12E1 - POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS (PST)
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
TRANSIENTS IN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS : Introduction, importance of the type of
netural connection switching a 3 – phase reactor with an isolated neutral three phase capacitance
switching , the symmetrical component method for solving three phase switching transients dealing
with Y transformers, circuit reduction.
UNIT – II
TRAVELLING WAVES ON TRANSMISSION LINES: Circuits with distributed cobstants,
the wave equation, reflection and refraction of traveling waves, behavior of traveling waves at line
terminators, lattice diagrams , attenuation and distortion of traveling waves, multi –conductor systems
and multi- velocity waves.
UNIT – III
LIGHTING: The scope of the lighting problem, the physical phenomenon of lighting , interaction
between lighting and power systems, factors contributing to good line design.
UNIT – IV
TRANSIENT IN THE INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM :Introduction, the short line or
kilometer fault, line dropping and load rejection voltage transients on closing and reclosing lines.
UNIT –V
Over voltage induced by faults, switching surges on an integrated system, transients in the industrial
power network.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Electrical transients in Power Systems” by Allan Greenwood, Wiley Interscience,1991
REFERENCES:
1. “Transients in Power Systems” by Harold A.Peterson, John Wiley & Sons.
17PS12E2 - POWER SYSTEM RELIABILLITY
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT-I
BASIC RELIABILITY CONCEPTS: The general reliability function, the exponential
distribution, Mean time to failures, series and Parallel systems, Markov Process, continuous Markov
process, Recursive techniques, simple series and parallel systems models.
UNIT-II
GENERATING CAPACITY-BASIC PROBABILITY METHODS: The generation system
model, Loss of load indices, capacity expansion analysis scheduled outages. Load forecast
uncertainty, Forced outage rate uncertainty. Loss of energy indices. The frequency and duration
method.
UNIT-III
TRANSMISSIONS SYSTEMS RELIABILITY EQUATION: Radial configurations,
conditional probability approach. Network configurations state selection.
UNIT-IV
GENERATION PLANNING: Comparative economic assessment of individual generation
projects. Investigation and simulation models. Heuristic and linear programming models. generator
and load models.
UNIT-V
TRANSMISSION PLANNING: Deterministic contingency analysis – Probabilistic transmission
system reliability analysis. Reliability calculations for single area and multi area Power systems.
DISTRIBUTION PLANNING: Network configuration design- consistency schemes- security
criteria configuration synthesis.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Power system reliability Evaluation” by Roy Billinton ,Gordon and Breah, science publishers.
2. “Power System Engineering & Mathematics”, by U.G.Kight ,Pergamon Press.
REFERENCES: 1. “Forecasting methods & applications” by Wheel wright and Makridakis
2. “Reliabillity evaluation of Power systems” by John Wiley Roy Bililnton and Ronald Allan
Pitam ,Advanced Pub. Program, chapters 2,3,6
17PS12E3 - EHVAC TRANSMISSION
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT – I
VOLTAGE GRADIENTS OF CONDUCTORS : Electrostatics , field of sphere gap, field of
line charges and their properties, charge –potential relations for multi – conductor lines, surface
voltage gradient on conductors, examples of conductors and maximum gradients on actual lines,
gradient factors and their use, distribution of voltage gradient on sub –conductors of bundle, design
of cylindrical cages for corona experiments.
UNIT – II
CORONA EFFECTS – POWER LOSS AND AUDIBLE NOISE : Corona loss formula,
charge – voltage (q-v) diagram and corona loss ,attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss,
audible noise: generation and characteristics, limit of audible noise, A-N measurement and meters,
formulae for audible noise and use in design , relation between single – phase and three-phase AN
levels, day –night equivalent noise level, examples of A-N levels from EHV lines .
UNIT-III
THEORY OF TRAVELING WAVES AND STANDING WAVES: Traveling waves and
standing waves at power frequency, differential equations and solutions for general case, standing
waves and natural frequencies, open –ended line: response to sinusoidal excitation, line energization
with trapped charge –voltage, corona loss and effective shunt conductance, the method of Fourier
transforms, reflection and refraction of traveling waves, transient response to systems with series and
shunt lumped parameters and distributed lines.
UNIT– IV
OVER VOLTAGE IN EHV SYSTEMS CAUSED BY SWITCHING OPERATIONS : Origin of over voltages and their types, short circuit current and circuit breaker, recovery voltage
and the circuit breaker, over voltages caused by interruption of low inductive current, interruption of
capacitive currents ferro – resonance over voltages, calculation of switching surges – single phase
equivalents, distributed parameter line energized by source , generalized equations for single phase
representation , generalized equations for three phase systems inverse Fourier transforms for the
general case, reduction of switching surges on EHV systems , experimental and calculated results of
switching surge studies.
UNIT – V
EHV TESTING AND LABORATORY EQUPMENT : Standard specifications , wave shapes
for testing, properties of double –exponential wave shapes, procedures for calculating ,, ., wave
shaping circuits, principles and theory .Impulse generators with inductance .Generation of switching
surges for transformer testing .Impulse voltage generators , Practical circuits, Energy of impulse
generators .Generators of impulse currents, Generators of high attenuating test voltage, High direct
voltage measurement of high voltages .General layout of EHV laboratories.
TEXTBOOKS: 1. “Extra high Voltage AC transmission Engineering “ by R.D. Begamudra, Wilen Eastern Ltd.
REFERENCES: 1. “High voltage Engineering “ by Naidu M.S. and Karmaraju , V.T.M.H. Pub .Co. High
voltage technology – Alston L.L. Oxford University Press.
17PS12E4 - ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40
Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60
UNIT –I Theory of Fourier transform, Properties- power and limitations short time Fourier transformation –
The Gabor transform –Discrete Time Fourier transformation and filters banks
UNIT –II Theory of Adaptive signal processing FIR adaptive filters-steepest descent adaptive filter, adaptive
Recursive filters LMS algorithms – conversions of LMS applications –noise cancellation –channel
Equalization
UNIT –III Wavelet transforms- Continuous Wavelet transform, Wavelet transform ideal case, discrete wavelet
Transform, Properties of Wavelets, Applications of wavelet transforms.
UNIT –IV TMS320 Family overview 320C24X series of DSP controllers, Architecture overview , C24X CPU
Internal Bus Structure, Memory Central Processing unit , Memory and I/O Spaces , Overview of
Memory and I/O Spaces, Program control Address Modes System Configuration and Interrupts
clocks and low Power Modes Digital input / output (I/O)
UNIT –V Assembly language Instruction, Instruction Set summary, Instruction Description, Accumulator,
arithmetic and logic Instruction, Auxiliary Register and data page Pointer Instructions , TREG,
PREG, and Multiply Instruction ,Branch Instructions , Control Instructions I/O and Memory
Instruction
TEXT BOOKS: 1. “DSP Based Electromechanical Motion Control” by Hamid A. Toliyat and Steven G.
Campbell, CRC Pres, 2004
2. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” by John G. Proakis,
Dimitris G.Manobakis, Third edition,(2000) PHI.
3. “Wavelet Transforms, Introduction to Theory and applications” by Raghuveer, M.Rao, Ajit
S.Bopardikar, Pearson Education, Asia, 2000.
REFERENCES:
1. Digital Processing of Speech Signals by L.R. Rabiner and R.W. Schaber, Pearson Education
2. Modern Digital Signal Processing by Roberto Crist, Thomson Brooks/Cole (2004).
3. Adaptive filter theory by Simon Haykin , Pearson Education 4th Edition.
4. Statistical Digital signal processing and modeling by Monson H. Hayes , Wiley, 2nd edition.
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