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1996 ENZYME LEACH SOIL SAMPLING PROGRAMPROSSER 44
PN 8178
NTS 42A/11
Prepared forFALCONBRIDGE LIMITED Timmins Exploration Office
November, 1996
42A14SWD048 2.17013 PROSSER
Andre Taillefer Geological Technician
010
RECE.I
j'AN '^ i
MINING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................... l
2.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 2
3.0 LOCATION AND ACCESS....,,,,,,,,.,.,.,.,,,,,,...,.......,....,.,,.,.,,,,.,...., 2
4.0 TOPOGRAPHY, VEGETATION AND WATER AVAILABILITY........................... 2
5.0 PROPERTY STATUS ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,, 2
6.0 PREVIOUS GEOLOGICAL WORK.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2
7.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6
8.0 PROPERTY GEOLOGY.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6
9.0 1996 SOIL SAMPLINGPROGRAM,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 79.1 INTRODUCTION,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 79.2 ENZYME LEACH THEORY.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 79.3 SAMPLING PROCEDURE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8
10.0 DATAMANIPULATION,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9
II.0 1996 ENZYME LEACH RESULTS,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9
12.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10
13.0 REFERENCES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11
LIST OF FIGURESFIGURE 1. Location Map - Prosser 44 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,, 3 FIGURE 2. Claim Location Map - Prosser 44 ,,,,.,.,....,.,..,,,.,,,.,,,,,,,.,,,,,,.,, 4 FIGURES. Claim Sketch - Prosser 44 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5
LIST OF MAPSMAP l: Copper and Iodine Profile PlotMAP 2: Copper and Iodine Values PlotMAP 3: Zinc and Bromine Profile PlotMAP 4: Zinc and Bromine Values PlotMAP 5: Manganese Profile PlotMAP 6: Manganese Values Plot
APPENDICESAPPENDIX I: Statement of qualifications APPENDIX II: Enzyme leach theory APPENDDC III: Enzyme leach raw geochemical data APPENDDCIV: Statistics
42A14SW0048 2.17013 PROSSER U 1UU
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
An enzyme leach soil geochemical sampling program was completed in late August 1996 on four claims on Prosser 44 in order to evaluate the deep base metal potential of the property.
The property covers the northwest portion of the Quartz Porphyry Hill rhyolite. Past drilling and mapping show this to be a prospective soda depleted, felsic volcanic centre with a sulphidic horizon of the northern basal contact.
Results of the enzyme leach soil sampling program have outlined two possible mineralized horizons in a geologically prospective area. It is recommended that a high power TEM or IP geophysical survey be conducted to further outline possible diamond drill targets.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
In August, 1996 a soil geochemical sampling program was carried out on four claims in Prosser 44 (Figure 1) in order to evaluate the deep base metal potential of the property. The subsequent soil sampling survey was designed to explore for indications of economic mineralization. Soil samples were analysed for trace elements, after being treated by the enzyme leach partial extraction technique (Clark, 1992), by ICP/MS courtesy of Activation Labs Ltd (Actlabs). Results are then used to define geochemical anomalies in overburden possibly related to underlying mineralized bedrock.
3.0 LOCATION AND ACCESS
The south side of the property is accessible by following Highway 655 for 32 kilometres north of the junction with Highway 101 in Timmins. A gravel road referred to as the " Sheridan Road" extends east from the highway across Prosser Township, and the southwest corner of the property is 7 kilometres east of the highway. This road runs along the south edge of the claim group and thus provides excellent access. It is drivable by two wheel drive except in the winter, when access in via snowmobile from the highway.
4.0 TOPOGRAPHY, VEGETATION AND WATER AVAILABILITY
There are no prominent topographical features on the property. Relief is uniformly less than 10 metres. The distribution of forest cover over the claims consists mostly of black spruce, alders and some birch. There is a clear-cut area immediate southeast of the claims.
A stream which flows north into Prosser Lake occurs 400 metres west of the southwest corner of the claim group, and would be a suitable water source for drilling. Prosser Lake located 800 metres west of the northwest corner of the property, would provide an alternate water source during dry spells.
5.0 PROPERTY STATUS
Claims P-l 171632 through P-l 171635 were staked in central Prosser Township on December 3rd, 1990. It is currently held by Falconbridge Limited.
6.0 PREVIOUS GEOLOGICAL WORK
Falconbridge Limited completed total field magnetometer and horizontal loop electromagnetic (HLEM) surveys over north south lines spaced 100 metres apart in 1991. The HLEM survey was completed using a 150 metre cable length, with data collected on 444 Hz and 1777 Hz frequencies.
Geological mapping was carried out on October 10, 11 and 13th, 1995 by Andre Taillefer and Dan Brisbin. Mapping was completed along previously established north-south grid lines spaced 100 metres apart Pickets were located and re-erected. Chaining distances were checked by pacing. All claim posts and the survey pins marking the boundary between lots 6 and 7 were located. No outcrops were located.
Post x pin
f\ 9 964/#2 9964
1171632
Post ii. p in for
#2 996496
Symbols
———'—~ Gravel road Se D itch
~ ~"~.^ Bush road
i. vT*iJ) Swamp
H Claire Post
A Survey Fabric
- - - ~ - - Vegetation Boundary
\Large Ditches
ASTRONOMIC
NOTE . Dominant tree species listed first.
FALCONBRIDGE LIMITED
Exploration Division Timmins ONTARIO
PROSSER TOWNSHIP CLAIMSN 1/2 , Lot 6 , Con IV
PROSSER TOWNSHIPS
GEOLOGICAL MAPNFS: 42-A/14 le 11
DRAWN; d fi DATE 'i/10/95
SUPERVISED: D l Brisbin DATE: 13/10/95 SCALE 1 :5 000 (nwtr**)
O W 80 120
7.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
Prosser Township is underlain dominantly by intercalated east-northeast to east striking Archean, mafic and felsic volcanic rocks. Less abundant ultramafic volcanic rocks, greywackes and carbonaceous argillites also occur in the stratigraphy. These rocks are assigned to the Kidd-Munro Assemblage except
the greywackes in the southernmost part of the Township which belong to the Hoyle Assemblage (Jackson and Fyon, 1991). A felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic units within this assemblage hosts the giant Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits (Brisbin et al, 1990) 11 kilometres southwest of the property. The Prosser stock, a quartz feldspar porphyry intrudes volcanic rocks in the southwest Prosser Township (Pyke et al, 1973), 7 kilometres southwest of the property. The Nickel Offsets, Frankfield, and Gowest gold deposits occur within a similar intercalated package of volcanic and sedimentary rocks 6 kilometres to the southeast in Tully Township. Northwest trending faults that offset lithologic contacts are defined by truncations and offsets of magnetic and electromagnetic trends an the Geotem survey maps (OGS, 1988).
8.0 PROPERTY GEOLOGY
The property is interpreted to be underlain by east striking, steeply dipping south facing mafic flows of the Kidd-Munro Assemblage. No outcrop occurs on the property but mafic flows with thin interbedded carbonaceous argillites were intersected in diamond drill holes completed on nearby properties. East strikes are suggested by Geotem survey maps (OGS, 1988) and by 1991 Falconbridge Limited HLEM and total field magnetic maps (Grant, 1991). Southward younging and steep dips are indicated by geological mapping of an area of outcrop referred to as "Quartz Porphyry Hill" 750 metres to the southeast. The magnetic survey did not define any strong contrasts indicative of lithologic contrasts. Weak enhancements of total field strength on the north side and southeast corner of the property may reflect the presence of more iron-rich mafic flows or of minor pyrrhotite mineralization. Weak Geotem and HLEM conductors most likely reflect thin carbonaceous argillites interbedded with mafic flows.
9.0 1996 SOIL SAMPLING PROGRAM
9.1 INTRODUCTION
The enzyme leach soil geochemical survey was employed on the Prosser 44 property in an attemp to evaluate the potential for base metal massive sulphide mineralization at depth. Previous airborne and ground electomagnetic surveys had not defined any shallow targets in this area.
9.2 ENZYME LEACH THEORY
Theory behind the enzyme leach analytical technique is discussed in great detail by Clark (1992) and references therein, and is included in this report in Appendix I. A brief summary of the technique is given below.
Conventional geochemical analyses of transported or deeply weathered overburden would reveal onlythe composition of overburden and not give any indication of underlying (and possibly mineralized)bedrock. Trace elements released by weathering of mineral deposits in bedrock will ascend throughoverburden via ground water flow, capillary action, or diffusion of volatile compounds. Amorphous
manganese dioxide (MnO2), which is usually a small proportion of the total MnO2 component of the soil,is an effective trap for these upward migrating trace elements. A selective leach has been developed thatemploys a self-limiting enzyme reaction to selectively dissolve amorphous manganese dioxide and release
trapped trace elements.
Three types of geochemical anomalies are generally found with the enzyme leach technique: 1) mechanical/hydromorphic dispersion anomalies are formed in basal till as mineralized bedrock is smeared down ice during glaciation; 2) oxidation halo anomalies are produced by the gradual oxidation of buried reduced bodies (massive sulphide) and are distinguished by an asymmetrical halo or partial halo formed around the reduced body by the "oxidation suite" and 3) apical anomalies are formed by diffusion of trace elements away from a concentrated source and develop directly over the source.
Studies indicate amorphous MnO2 concentrates predominantly in B-horizon soils and as a consequence, care should be taken to sample from a consistent soil horizon rather than a constant depth. In general, the best level to sample appears to be between 20 and 40 cm depth below surface.
Since amorphous MnO2 makes up a minute proportion of the total MnO2 in a sample, results of trace elements released by the enzyme leach are reported in parts-per-billion (ppb). An anomaly along a traverse line for a given element is tentatively identified when there is a noticeable trend below or above background levels; this makes acquiring background samples very important. Significant anomalies are generally an order of magnitude (10X) above or below background levels.
The enzyme leach analytical package consists of 62 trace elements (Li, Be, CI, Se, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U) all of which are reported in parts-per-billion (ppb). Activation Laboratories Ltd. of Ancaster, Ontario performed the analyses. Hard copy results were first acquired by FAX and a diskette containing digital results usually followed a week later.
Samples consisted of 300 to 600 grams of material depending on grain size of the soil. All samples were air dried in a dry, cool room for a minimum of three days prior to shipping to Actlabs. Samples must be air dried as heating to above 400C spoils the sample for a proper analysis (drives off the volatile
components). All sample preparation was done by Actlabs; this included breaking-up samples with a hammer and sieving to minus 60 mesh. The leach solutions were then analysed for trace element concentrations (in ppb) by ICP/MS.
9.3 SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Samples were taken in 40m intervals on lines 165 E, 167 E, 169 E and 171 E, for a total of 79 samples.
The sample material most commonly analyzed with the enzyme leach is B-horizon soils. Typical soil profiles found in humid climate areas consist of: an A horizon - an upper humus layer which is characterized by a dark layer of mixed organic and mineral matter which may or may not have a bleached mineral layer at the bottom; and a B-horizon - the top of which lacks organic material and where oxide coatings on mineral grains impart a brown to rusty red colour to the soil.
In the case of this study, all of the B-horizon samples consisted of clay to silty-clay. The typical soil profile encountered during this project consisted of:
1. a humus layer consisting of either grasses, leaf litter, lichen or muskeg ranging from 0. l to 15 cm in thickness;
2. an A-horizon: a black, organic-rich layer (coarse mud) of 0.1 to > 50 cm in thickness with highly variable moisture content ranging from "soupy" to relatively dry. Thickness of this layer depends on topography and surface vegetation; spruce swamps have the thickest A-horizon while poplar forest in topographic highs have the thinnest A-horizon;
3. a "leached" zone (A2 horizon): an often chalky-white to black, coarse, organic-bearing layer underlying the A-horizon ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm in thickness. In well drained areas, this layer is generally light in colour (white to tan), dry and crumbly whereas in poorly drained areas it is usually very fine grained (clay to silt sized), very dense and very dark in colour (dark brown to black);
4. a B-horizon: an organic-free (may contain few hair-like root filaments), light coloured, clay to silty- clay layer or brown to reddish-brown, fine grained sand of undetermined thickness (usually greater than the reach of the auger). In well drained areas, the clay is generally dry and some shade of tan to brown (it may also have a grey-blue to grey-green tinge). In poorly drained areas, it is generally very dense and sticky and may range from a light tan to brown or grey-blue to grey-green in colour.
Samples were collected using a standard 135 cm long auger (including a 30 cm long sampling tube attached to the bottom). As a standard practice and where possible, the first 10-15 cm of the clay layer was thrown away to ensure the sample was free of organic and leached material. Generally, it required threeto four passes with the auger down the same hole to acquire sufficient material to fill up the sample bag (300 to 500 grams). If the B-horizon was not reached after the first pass with the auger (30-35 cm depth), the sampling tube was cleaned of all material (humus and A-horizon material) by hand and reinserted down the hole until the proper material was reached.
In the more poorly drained areas, samples tended to be covered with a film of organic-rich mud because the sample tube was pulled back up through the A-horizon during extraction. Every effort was made to clean this film off all samples even though it was generally a very messy and time consuming task.
Soil sample books were used to note the location of samples (grid co-ordinates) and all pertinent information such as slope attitude, colour and composition of sample (clay, silt, sand,...), quality of drainage, vegetation and any extra remarks. Each sample site was marked with flagging tape upon which the sample number was written; the flagging tape was usually tied to the grid picket or to a nearby tree branch.
10.0 DATA MANIPULATION
Raw geochemical results were received on diskette as WK1 and CSV files. The data was then formatted in Excel for export into Geosoft in which the geochemical profiles were produced. The profiles were drawn at an appropriate scale and then exported as a DXF file into AUTOCAD where the profiles could be superimposed onto existing geological maps and/or profiles.
11.0 1996 ENZYME LEACH RESULTS
On August 23 1996, a total of 79 B-horizon soil samples were collected from 2.4 km of traverse lines distributed along the Prosser 44 grid. All samples consisted of clay to silty clay. Enzyme leach geochemical profile plots (plan view maps) are included in the back of this report. The maps are drawn to an appropriate scale (1:5,000) and include topography. It is important to pay close attention to the vertical scale of the geochemical profiles as it does vary from element to element (e.g. l cm = 20 ppb Pb and l cm = 225 ppb Zn). The base line value is O for all profiles.
Appendix II includes all the raw geochemical data. All trace element values are reported in parts- per-billion (ppb); negative values indicate that the element is not detected at that lower limit (i.e. -10 ppb = below 10 ppb); S.Q. indicates that element is determined semiquantitatively; and values = 999999 are greater than the working range of the instrument.
12.0 DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONS
Results or the enzyme leach program were encouraging. Two trends cut in across the property with results of between 300 ppb to 457 ppb in the south zone, and 225 ppb to 429 ppb in the north zone. Iodine "trough" are coincident with those copper "highs" along those trends. The absence of AEM conductors strongly suggests the mineralization indicated by the enzyme leach survey results must be located at depth. A Deepem or Induced Polarization should be conducted to further evaluate the enzyme leach conductors.
Andre Taillefer Geological Technician November 4th, 1996
10
13.0 REFERENCES
Brisbin, D.I., 1995. Geological Assessment Report For Claims PI 171632, PI 171633, PI 171634 and P1171635. p 3-7.
Brisbin, D.I., et al, 1990. Kidd Creek Mine. In Geology and Ore Deposits of the Timmins District, Ontario. Edited by Fyon, J.A. and Green, A.H. 8th IAGOD Symposium Fieldtrip Guidebook - Fieldtrip #6, p. 25-49.
Clark, I.R., 1992, Detection of bedrock-related geochemical anomalies at the surface of transported overburden. Explore, Newsletter for the Association of Exploration of Exploration Geochemists. Number 76, p. 2-11.
Jackson, S.L., and Fyon, J.A., 1991, The western Abitibi Subprovince in Ontario in Geology of Ontario, Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 4, Part l, p. 405-482.
Pyke, D.R., Ayres, L.D., and Innes, D.G., 1973, Timmins - Kirkland Lake, Ontario Geological Survey Geological Compilation Series Map 2205, scale 1:253,440.
11
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ASTRONOMIC
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FALCONBRIDGE LIMITED
Exploration Division Timmins ONTARIO
PROSSER 44PROSSER TOWNSHIP
ENZYME LEACH PROFILE PLOT Iodine 8c C opper
TRACED: GEOSOFT CATfc 1 1/96
DRAWN: A.D.T. DATE: 11/96
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FALCONBRIDGE LIMITED
Exploration Division Timmins ONTARIO
PROSSER 44PROSSER TOWNSHIP
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FALCONBRIDGE LIMITED
Exploration Division Timmins ONTARIO
PROSSER 44PROSSER TOWNSHIP
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ITJACED: GEOSOFT DATE: 11/96 ;NT5: 42-A/11 PROJECT: 8178
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ENZYME LEACH VALUE PLOT Manganese
nWCED: CEOSOFT MIE: It/96
OKKHN A .D.T. DATE: 11/96
SUPERVISED: D- Brisbin DATE: 11/96
REVISED: DATE;
NTS: *2-A/!! PROJECT: 8178
MAP No: FILE: P"j44
SCALE 1:5 000 (moires) Q 40 80 120 I6Q
CERTIFICATION
I, Andre D. Taillefer do hereby certify:
1. that I reside at 1351 Dalton Road, Timmins, Ontario.
2. that I graduated from Cambrian College of Applied Arts and Technology in 1987 with a diploma in the Geological Engineering Technician program.
3. that I have been practicing my profession continuously for 9 years.
4. that I have based conclusions and recommendations contained in this report on knowledge of the area, my previous experience and on the results of the field work I supervised on the property.
5. that I have no personal interest in the described property and present this report in my capacity as an employee of Falconbridge Limited ,,
ate\[ this 4th day of November, 1996 \ at Timmins, Ontario.
INNOVATIVE ENZYME LEACH PROVIDES ULTIMATE
OVERBURDEN PENETRATION USING SURFACE SOILS9
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:
ACTIVATION LABORATORIES LTD ACTLABS. INC
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CONTACT DR. ERIC HOSFMAN CONTACT: DR. J.R. (BOB) CLARK JIM YEAGER
INTRODUCTIONLayers of glacial till and glaciolacustrine sediments cover large areas of the
Canadian Shield, and much of the bedrock in the Basin and Range Province of United States and Mexico and much of the Atacama Desert of Chile and Peru have been buried by basin fill and volcanic rocks. The problem, when trying to perform geochemical exploration in terrains that are covered by transported overburden, is that the overburden is usually exotic to the bedrock that it covers. Conventional chemical analysis would reveal only the composition bf the ;overburden and would not give any indication of the underlying bedrock. In the past, drilling has been the only means of collecting useful geochemical samples in areas of extensive overburden. An inexpensive means was needed for gathering meaningful geochemical data form overburden that would provide some indication of the chemistry of the bedrock.
Trace elements released by oxidation of sulfide-mineral deposits in the bedrock will migrate up through overburden by such means as ground water flow, capillary action, or diffusion of volatile compounds. However the amount of these bedrock-related trace elements is typically a very small component of the total concentration of these elements in the overburden. The goal is to determine the amount of a trace element that has been added to the overburden rather than the total amount in the overburden sample. Upon reaching the near surface environment, many of the trace elements migrating through overburden will be trapped in manganese oxide and iron oxide coatings, which form on mineral grains in the soils. One of the most effective traps for trace elements migrating toward the surface is amorphous manganese dioxide, which is usually a very small component of the total manganese oxide phases in the soil sample. Not only does amorphous manganese dioxide have a relatively large surface area, but the irregular surface and the random distribution of both positive and negative charges on that surface make it an ideal adsorber for a variety of cations, anions, and polar molecules.
Based on an idea that was conceived in 1976, a selective leach has been developed that employs an enzyme reaction to selectively dissolve amorphous manganese oxides., When all the amorphous manganese dioxide in the sample has been reacted, the enzyme reaction slows dramatically, and the leaching action ceases. Because the enzyme leach is self limiting, there is very little leaching of the mineral substrates in the sample. Thus, the background concentrations for many elements determined are extremely low and the anomaly/background contrast is dramatically enhanced.
TYPES OF GEOCHEMICAL ANOMALIES DETECTEDTypically, three types of geochemical anomalies are found with the Enzyme
Leach: 1. Mechanical/hydromorphic'dispersion anomalies; 2. Oxidation anomalies; 3. Diffusion anomalies. In terrains where the bedrock is buried by glacial overburden, mechanical/hydromorphic anomalies are the most common type found in soils developed on till. Mechanical dispersion trains were formed in the basal till as mineralized bedrock material was smeared down ice during glaciation. Gradual weathering of this mineralized material releases trace elements into the ground water flowing through the till. Vegetation with roots tapping into either the mineralized till or anomalous ground water picks up trace elements which are eventually shed to the forest floor in plant litter. Anomalous trace elements are often relatively quickly leached from the A-so\\ horizon and trapped in oxide coatings in the B horizon. In essence the B horizon of the soils in the Canadian Shield acts as a long-term integrator of vegetation anomalies (J.R. Clark, 1993, Trans. IMM, Sect. B, v. 102, Jan.-Apr., p. B19-B29). The Enzyme Leach has been used to detect very subtle mechanical/hydromorphic anomalies related to mineralized bedrock in a number of glacial overburden situations, including areas where the glacial till is blanketed with glaciolacustrine sediments. Subtle hydromorphic dispersion anomalies in stream sediments have also been detected with the Enzyme Leach. Trace element suites comprising mechanical/hydromorphic-related soil anomalies commonly reflect at least part of the chemical signature of the bedrock source. Anomaly contrast in soils developed on glacial till often range from 2-times to 10-times the background concentrations for the elements forming the anomaly.
Oxidation anomalies are produced by the gradual oxidation of buried reduced bodies. Any reduced body (an ore deposit, a barren body of disseminated pyrite, a buried geothermal system, a petroleum reservoir, etc.) can produce one of these anomalies. Once these anomalies are found it is up to the geologist to make a geological interpretation based on all the information at hand, including Enzyme Leach data, as to what the source of the anomaly might be. These anomalies are characterized by very high contrast values for a suite of elements, the "oxidation suite," which can include CI, Br, l, As, Sb, Mo, W, Re, Se, Te, V, U, and Th. Often, rare-earth elements and base metals will be anomalous in the same soil samples, but with reduced contrast. Evidence indicates that the oxidation suite migrates to the surface as halogen gases and volatile halide compounds. These elemental gases andcompounds would tend to form under the acid/oxidizing conditions of the anode of an electrochemical cell. The low contrast base metal anomalies may result from the diffusion of cations away from these anodes along electrochemical gradients. Less commonly, enzyme-soluble Au and enzyme-soluble Hg will be found in the area of these anomalies. These low-level Au and Hg anomalies appear to form as a result of the oxidation of these elements in the soil by the flux of oxidizing gases passing through the soil. Oxidation anomalies often form an asymmetrical halo or partial halo around the buried reduced body, and that body underlies part of the central low within that halo. The trace element suite in oxidation anomalies, although often enriched in many types of metal deposits, is not typically representative of the composition of the buried reduced body. For example, essentially the same suite of elements forms halos around petroleum reservoirs as is found around porhyry copper deposits, epithermal
gold deposits, and barren pyritic bodies. Oxidation anomalies can form above reduced bodies that are covered by either overburden or barren rock. The depth of detection for oxidation anomalies is often tooagreat for the potential ore body to be of economic interest. In one case, an oxidation anomaly reflected a sulfide-rich body that was located below a fault plane where there was 900 meters of barren upper plate rocks above the fault. In another case, one of these anomalies occurred over a petroleum reservoir that was 9700 feet beneath the surface. In arid climates, anomaly-to- background ratios f or the oxidation suite commonly range between 5:1 to 50:1, and sometimes anomaly contrast exceeds 100-times background. Oxidation anomalies tend to have more subdued contrasts in humid climates.
Diffusion anomalies detected with the Enzyme Leach occur directly over the source of the anomaly rather than forming a halo around the source (i.e. these anomalies tend to be apical). The source of the anomaly can be the actual source of the anomalous trace elements, or it can be a structure such as a fault that facilitates the movement of trace elements to the surface. In this last case, the anomaly will be almost directly over the subcrop of the fault. The suite of trace elements represented in the anomaly will often be indicative of the chemical composition of the ultimate source of those trace elements. However, where a deeply buried reduced body is intersected by a fault, an oxidation suite of elements can form an extremely high-contrast anomaly directly over the trace of the buried fault. Otherwise, diffusion anomalies usually exhibit a diminished contrast above background than do oxidation anomalies.
SAMPLE COLLECTION FOR ENZYME LEACH ANALYSESAlthough the Enzyme Leach can be used as a partial-analysis method for virtually
any surficial geological material, the sample media most commonly analyzed with this method is fl-horizon soils. Research to date indicates that amorphous MnO2 in soils is most abundant in the B horizon. This horizon is the most chemically active part of the soil, with regard to the formation of oxide coatings on mineral grains. Studies in both arid and humid climates indicate that the sampler should be careful to collect soil samples from the B horizon.
The following information is based on observations from studies in glacially-buried terrain in northern Minnesota, desert pediments in Nevada, areas of extensive overburden in South America, test sites in the Colorado Front Range, and over oil fields in western Wyoming and southeastern Texas. Soil horizons vary in appearance and depth, even within relatively small areas. It should be emphasized that the samplers should be collecting material from a consistent soil horizon, rather than a consistent depth. The samplers should be encouraged to expose the soil profile whenever they encounter soil zoning that varies from previous observations. Before beginning, it is a good idea to observe soils profiles in ditches and trenches in and near the area to be sampled.
The best potential sample sites are those that appear to be undisturbed and that have mature vegetation growing on and around the site. Samples collected from trenches and pit cuts are also good, as long as a fresh surface is scraped on the face of the soil profile to be sure that you are collecting freshly exposed material. Ditch banks, on the side away from infrequently used roads, under most circumstances can also be good sample sites, after scraping the bank to expose fresh material. The sampler should observe the conditions at such sites and make a judgement about the
potential for contamination or of excessive disturbance. Road fill (new or old) is not usable sample material. You do not know if the fill was derived form the ditches on either side or if it was trucked in from some distance. Also, roads are often contaminated with a variety of pollutants that can linger for centuries. Plowed fields can provide usable samples, if an undisturbed site is not available. It is better to move a sample site a relatively short distance rather than to use a bad site just because it is at the specified spot. Desert-Pediment Soils
There is an adage to the effect that desert soils are not zoned (azonal). In many cases this is not true. The appearance of the horizons is different from soils in humid climates, but they are still frequently zoned. The current surface on many desert pediments is more than one million years old, which is more than sufficient time for soil horizons to develop. Relatively little organic matter is found in /^-horizon soils in desert climates. The A horizon is typically a light-gray to light-grayish-tan, loose, fine sand to silt. Descending through the soil profile, the B horizon begins where the soil is more cemented and slightly darker in color, often becoming slightly more brown than the overlying loose material. The brown color often becomes darker farther down into the B horizon, but in other cases, the color difference between the A and B horizons is almost imperceptible. Where the color changes are minimal, a key criteria is that the cementing of the grains in the B horizon often produces a weak blocky fracture that is absent in the A horizon.
In areas that have a history of previous mining activity, the upper centimeter of the A horizon can be highly contaminated with many trace elements. Rarer elements, such as gold, can be enriched by as much as 10- to 100-times background. The A horizon should scraped from the area around the spot to be samples for a radius large enough to prevent this contaminated material from trickling into the sample material. Tests involving sampling in and below the caliche layer have not been completed. All the Enzyme Leach studies performed to date have used /?-horizon soils collected above the caliche layer.
Extremely Arid DesertsIn areas of extreme aridity, such as the Atacama desert of South America, the
sampler will typically not find soil horizons. In most locations the best level to sample is 10 inches (25 cm) to 16 inches (40 cm) beneath the surface. Do not sample from the caliche layer or immediately beneath it. Caliche will produce extremely erratic Enzyme Leach data. Where caliche comes too close to the surface to collect a sample, move the sample site a short distance or abandon it. A reddish layer will often be encountered just above the caliche layer. This reddish color results from selenite that has formed in the soil. The presence on selenite in the soil does not detract from the results.
Humid Climate SoilsSample sites with the best developed soil horizons are usually found in groves of
trees. In northern climates, aspen groves are the best. The A horizon consists of an upper humus layer, a dark layer of mixed organic and mineral matter, and there may have a bleached mineral layer at the bottom. The bleached layer results from the reducing action of the overlying organic-rich layers, which dissolves oxide coatings on
mineral grains. The top of the B horizon is the point below which there is no organic matter and where oxide coatings are found on mineral grains. Iron oxide coatings typically give 5-horizon soils colors that are some shade of brown or red (dark brown, medium brown, light brown, brick red, tan, orange, etc.). Where the A horizon is quite thick, such as around bogs, there is often a faintly gray layer beneath the bleached layer of the A horizon. The faint gray color is due to manganese oxides, and this material is usable B horizon, if a darker colored fl-horizon layer is not available. In a humid forested area all the material comprising the A horizon of the soil (decaying leaf litter, humus, and organic-rich mineral layers) should be scraped away to reveal the B horizon. The sample is collected from 1 0 to 30 centimeters into the top of the B horizon. A horizon contamination of ^-horizon samples should be avoided as much as possible.
Mountain Soils and Glacially Scoured TerrainDue to the rapid rate of mechanical weathering in mountainous areas, there are localities where the soil is truly azonal. During Pleistocene glaciation, the regolith was completely removed in many areas and a mature soil profile has not had sufficient time to redevelop. In such cases the sampler should dig deep enough to obtain soil material that is as free of organic matter as possible.
SedimentsStream-sediment samples should be collected from the top 1 0 centimeters of the active sediment. Lake-sediment samples should be collected from the top 3 to 5 centimeters of the sediment section.
SAMPLE HANDLINGYour samples should consist of about 100 to 200 grams of material (1/5 to 1/2 pound) depending on the fineness of the soil. Coarser soils require more material to assure adequate sieved sample material for analysis. If at all possible, the sample should be air dried. If circumstances require the use of a drying oven, the temperature should not exceed 40 0 C, and the drying time should not be longer than is necessary to dry the sample. Too high a drying temperature alters the chemistry of the amorphous manganese dioxide coatings and drives out the volatile halogens and halide compounds. If in doubt, let the laboratory perform the sample preparation. They know which sieve sizes to use, and what steps must be followed to maintain the geochemical integrity of the sample material.Pulverized samples and samples that have been "cooked" are not suitable for
analysis with the Enzyme Leach. L.&W-L ?/™ t*
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Newsletter for the Association of Exploration Geochemists
NUMBER 76 JULY 1992
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
A Need for Volunteers. The Association of Exploration Geo chemists was founded twenty-two years ago after members recognized the need for a professional organization to repre sent exploration geochemists. Our organ ization has been served over this period of time by a capable group of volunteers in the Executive, Council, EXPLORE, Journal of Geochemical Exploration (JGE), and various committees. .
The AEG has reaffirmed its focus on exploration geochemistry but has also made, the commitment to expand its contacts with professionals in related fields (eg. environmental geochemistry) and to conduct activities which will serve the membership (e.g. education, professional registration, short courses, special publications). This taxes the limited time of existing volunteers.
As with any volunteer organization, there is a small active group of volunteers who carry out the vast majority of activities of the Association within the framework of several committees. In order to maintain the vitality of the organization, we need more members to participate in the endeavors of these committees.
The list of committees is included at the end of this column. The titles are, for the most part, self-explanatory and reflect the commitments and activities of the Association. The committees are of two types, those which were formed to address specific issues, such as the Bylaws Review, Elsevier Negotiations, and Membership Application forms. These committees are dissolved after their task has been accomplished. However, the vast major ity of committees are ongoing. These committees need your input
In the past, it has been difficult to determine who to contact to volunteer your assistance. For mat reason, we are also includ ing the corresponding addresses of the Committee Chairman. Contact the chairmen and volunteer your time to the Association.
A second way to participate is for members to upgrade their membership status to Voting Member. This gives you the oppor tunity to vote on matters concerning the Association and have a say in the direction of the Association. Applications maybe obtained through the Association offices in Vancouver.
If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions for the Association, feel free to contact any of the Chairman listed
. starting on the next page.Jeffrey A. Jaacks President. AEG
. Wcstmont Gold Inc. 390 Union Blvd., Suite 580 Lekewood. CO 80228 TEL-G03) 988-9677 FAX&03) 988-968S Continued on Page 2
TECHNICAL NOTES
Detection of Bedrock-related x .\ . f ,.
Geochemical Anomalies at the Surface of Transported OverburdenIntroduction
The chemistry performed before instrumental determinations are made is critical to the quality of the geochemical interpretations made from the resulting data. -In the 1970's and \9Sffs much emphasis in exploration geochemistry was placed on new instrumental techniques. Many geochemists found that volumes of multi-element data could be generated by inductively-coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy OCP/AES) for a relatively low cost Consequently, interest in data handling and manipulation using computers to assist in producing interpretations increased dramatically. During this period of "Black Box" analyses the importance of preparatory chemistry was largely ignored, and the usefulness of analytical chemistry for unraveling dispersion processes was frequently overlooked. Consequently, geochemical exploration data often have been interpreted with little regard for the strengths or weaknesses of the analytical techniques used to produce the data. Also, an adage that has often been quoted is that you can not do exploration geochemistry on transported overburden, because the material in the overburden is unrelated to the bedrock that it covers. This viewpoint exemplifies a lack of comprehension of chemical mobility, geochemical barriers, and how selective partial analysis can be used to enhance extremely subtle geochemical anomalies.
Continued on Page S
President*s Message ..... iTechnical Notes.......... i
Notes from the Editor ... 3Notes horn the
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EXPLORE NUMBER 76PAGE;
LINDGREN AWARD NOMINATIONS
The Lindgren award is offered annually by the Society of Economic Geologists to a young geologist whose published research represents an outstanding contribution to economic geology. The award, which consists of a citation, dues-free membership in the Society, and travel to the fall meeting for the presentation, is not restricted as to the candidate's nationality, place of employment or membership in the Society. The work for which the Lindgren Award is given must have been published as a single paper or series of papers in a recognized journal before the author's 35th birthday, and the awardee must be less than 37 years of age on January I of the year in which the award is presented.The award can be given for contributions to economic geology from any subdisdpline of geology (including, among others, structural geology, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, stratigraphy, geophysics, and mine geology).Any Society member in good standing may nominate candidates for the award. We are currently seeking nominations for the 1993 Award, for which nominees must have been bom after January l, 1956. Nominees who are not selected for 1993 but are still eligible will be considered f or awards in following years. The deadline for nominations is October 30,1992.For more information please contactJonathan G. Price, Chair of the Lindgren Award Committee Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology MaU Stop 178 University of Nevada, Raio Raw, Nevada 89557-0088 TEL: (702) 784-6691
t- FAX: (702) 784-1709
~ Technical NotesK. Continued from Page l
In the Canadian Shield, large areas ire covered by one or more sequences of glacial tifl and glaciolacustrine sediments. Inthe Basin and Range Province much of the bedrock has been : ; - buried by basin fill. Typically the overburden in these regions is . exotic to the bedrock that it covers. A conventional chemical analysis would reveal only the composition of the overburden and would not give any indication of the underlying bedrock. * Drilling has been the only means of collecting useful geochemical samples in areas of extensive overburden. An inexpensive technique was needed for gathering meaningful geochemicaldata from overburden that would provide some indication of the '* chemistry of the bedrock.
Small amounts of trace elements mobilized by oxidation of sulfide minerals in the bedrock or basal till can migrate through
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overburden by various mechanisms, such as ground water flow, capillary action, or diffusion of volatile compounds. Oxides of manganese and iron, which form coatings on mineral grains in soils developed on overburden, are effective traps for mobilized elements. However, the proportion of a given element from a bedrock-related source that has been introduced into an overburden cample is typically very small compared to its total concentration in the overburden. Thus, it has been difficult to determine the amount of a trace element that has been added to the overburden rather than the total concentration. Selectively determining trace elements in oxide coatings can be an effective approach to mineral exploration in buried terrains. Quo (1984) thoroughly reviewed the principles and practices of partial analysis. - * Analytical Problem
Amorphous manganese oxide, which is commonly a very email part of the total manganese oxides in coils, is one of the most efficient natural traps for trace elements mobilized in the surface/near-surface environment The large surface area per unit mass and the random distribution of both positive and negative charges on the irregular surface of this material make it an ideal adsorber for a variety of cations, anions, and polar molecules. Anomalous concentrations of trace elements adsorbed by this material are often 'indicative of (he chemistry of oxidizing minerals in the bedrock or basal till rather than the composition of the exotic overburden from which the coil formed. Previously, no partial leaches had been developed which were selective for amorphous manganese oxide.
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride has been used very effectively as a selective reducing agent for manganese oxide coatings (Carney and Nowlan, 1964; Chao, 1972). This reducing agent rapidly reacts with nearly all of the manganese oxide phases in a geological sample. It can be used along with other reagents in
Continued m Page 6
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PAGE 6NUMBER 76 EXPLORE
L. Technical Notes. ' Continued from Page S
such dilute concentrations that any chemical attack upon tliemineral substrates of the coatings is very minor. However, the concentrations of many trace elements in these leach solutions could be so low that specialized instrumental techniques would-~ be needed to make determinations. These techniques would likely be inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA). The presence of chloride ions in the hydroxylamine hydrochloride-"~ leach solutions can produce extreme interferences for many
elements by both of these instrumental techniques. Therefore, hydroxylainine hydrochloride is not a viable leaching agent when seeking many extremely low-level trace-element signatures.
Hydrogen peroxide also acts as a reducing agent for MnQy In an aqueous solution it will react with manganese dioxide, consuming hydrogen ions, and resulting in the manganese being reduced to the divalent state, which is soluble.
j
4 Mn2* * Q^,, * HjO.In this process, aH the trace elements trapped in the manganese dioxide are released. Chao (1972) rejected the use of hydrogen peroxide as a selective leaching agent because, even at very high concentrations, it reacts very slowly with many crystalline phases of manganese dioxide (Taylor and McKenzie, 1966). However,
I even dilute concentrations of hydrogen peroxide vigorously react with amorphous manganese dioxide.It would be possible to selectively leach for amorphous MnOj by adding H2Oj directly to the leach solution. However, the
chemist would not know how much hydrogen peroxide should be used to leach each particular sou* or sediment cample. If too much were added, there would be increased leaching of
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crystalline manganese oxides, as well as leaching of organic matter, sulfide minerals, and other oxidizable phases in the soil sample. Also, with some samples too high a concentration of HjQz in the leach solution could produce precipitation of insoluble metal peroxides. Alternatively, if too little reagent were added, the leaching of amorphous manganese oxide would be incomplete. Enzyme Leach
An enzyme chemical reaction slowly generates very low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous media. Qucose oxidase reacts with dextrose CD-glucose) to produce hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid.Dextrose * O^,, -f HjO -* -4 Gluconic Acid * H,OjDilute hydrogen peroxide readily reduces and dissolves amorphous manganese dioxide, releasing trace elements and . polar molecules trapped in that material Gluconic acid complexes the metals and holds them in solution. Once all the amorphous manganese dioxide has been dissolved, the products of the glucose oxidase-dextrose reaction are no longer being consumed at a rapid rate, and the enzyme reaction virtually stops. The hydrogen peroxide concentration probably never exceeds 40 ug/ml, and sufficient gluconic acid Is produced to complex the metals solubilized by the process. This self-limiting characteristic of the process minimizes undesirable leaching of mineral substrates. Thus, the background concentrations for many elements determined are extremely low and the anomaly/background contrast is often dramatically enhanced.
Trace-element concentrations for many elements in the leach solutions are often in the mid-to-low picogram-per-liter range. The only current instrumental technique that can be effectively used to determine such low concentrations for large numbers of elements in a significant number of samples is ICP/MS. Nothing is added to the leach solution that would be detrimental to the ICP/MS technique, or which would produce a serious analytical blank- problem. The leach solutions are also amenable tp determination of many trace elements by GFAA and ICP/AES. Results and Discussion
In an early experiment with the Enzyme leach, a relatively large quantity of amorphous MnOj precipitate was dissolved in only one hour (dark, pending). Alternatively/ in a set of soil samples from a regional mineral-resource assessment project in northern Minnesota, the Enzyme leach typically leached less than five percent of the total manganese oxides in the samples (dark pending: dark, in press). Based on the observations of Taylor and McKenzie (1966), it was expected that very dilute hydrogen peroxide concentrations would have minimal leaching effect on many crystalline manganese oxide phases. Thus, it appears that the Enzyme leach is somewhat selective for amorphous manganese dioxide.
Crystalline manganese oxides are known to be effective traps for such metals as Ba, Co, Ni, and Zn. Enzyme leach analyses of soil samples often reveal anomalies not only of these metals, but also a long list of other trace elements, some of which occur as cations and bthers'that form anions in the surficial environment The list includes Ag, As, Bi, Br, Cd, d, Cu, Ga, I, In, Mo, Pb, Re, Sb, Se, IT, U, V, and W. Because the surface chemistry of amorphous MnOj allows it to trap a variety of cations, anions, and polar molecules, selectively leaching for that material provides distinct advantages.
In samples that are identified as being part of a background population with respect to a number of leachable trace elements, a correlation is often observed among leachable Ba, Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn. However, in samples that have concentrations above threshold values for one or more elements, no relationship has been found between leachable Mn and the leachable
Continued m Page 8
PAGE 8
i: i:17it1Clili
NUMBER 76 EXPLORETechnical NotesContinued from Page 6concentrations of the anomalous elements. Therefore, the Enzyme leach is not prone to generating false anomalies. Glacially Buried Terrain as in Desert Sediments.A regional mineral-resource assessment project in the International Falls and Roseau 1V20 quadrangle of Minnesota was the first large-scale application of the Enzyme leach. The bedrock in most of the region is buried by a minimum of two till sheets, and in most of the area these tills are capped by glaciolacustrine sediments from Glacial Lake Agassie. In the initial phase of that project, a pilot study revealed a relationship
Fig. 1. Enzyme-leach Co anomalies in B-horizon soil samples of the International FaO l tt'quadrangle, Minnesota.
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between Enzyme-leach anomalies in B-horizon soils and vegetation anomalies at the same sites. In effect; the B-horizon soils apparently have been acting as long-term integrators of vegetation anomalies (Clark, in press). Enzyme leaching of B- horizon soils proved to be the most cost-effective means of conducting a mineral-resource assessment of that region.This geochemical study of northern Minnesota produced the first recognized evidence of potential for Proterozoic vein deposits in that region. A plot of cobalt anomalies in the International Falls V̂ Cf quadrangle revealed an alignment of anomalous-sample sites along what appears to be northwest- striking.ctructural trends (Fig. I). Some of the trends coincided with diabase dikes, and the Co anomalies tended to occur within a short distance east or west of the termination of dike segments. Other trends appeared to be controlled by faults, dark et al. (1990) observed that the diabase dikes could not be the sources of the Co, and plots of Ag and Tl revealed anomalous trends that either paralleled or coincided with the Co trends. The anomalous-sample sites tended to cluster in areas where structural trends evidently intersect in die covered basement Stronger leaching methods did not perform as well as the Enzyme leach. An augmented vernon of the Enzyme leach (dark et aL 1990) detected fewer anomalies. In a pflot study, the potassium iodide+ascorbic acid leach (Viets and others, 1984) and the oxalic acid leach (Alminas and Mosier, 1975; Church and others, 1987) failed to detect any of the anomalies along one of the trends southeast of International Falls. Desert pediments. The first desert pediment study used soil samples collected along two traverses perpendicular to the mineralized structure that hosts the Sleeper ore body, in northwestern Nevada. A plot of Enryme-leachable Re along traverse two (Rg. 2,600 meters north of the pit) is one example of trace-element anomalies along that traverse. The overburden along traverse two (Fig. 2,600 meters north of the pit) is oneContinued on Page 9
BunpltSIIK
Fig. 2. En3yme-4each Re anomaly in soil samples along a traverse 600 meters north of the Sleeper pit. Nevada. The vertical dashed line represents (he approximate location of a buried mineralized structure. Sample site spacing along traverse 2 varies between 30 and 60 meters.
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J
Technical NotesContinued from Page 8example of trace element anomalies along that traverse. The overburden along traverse 2 (sample sites c!3-c24) consisted of from 20 meters to 40 meters of basin fill. The background-soil sample sites (cOO-c04) were collected on basin fill up slope from the mineralized structure.
Anomaly/background ratios show the dramatic contrast of the Enzyme-leach soil anomalies found near the SleepeV mine (fig. 3). The elements with the highest anomaly contrasts are those that characteristically occur as anions in the surficial environment. By comparison, the stronger partial leaching methods, potassium iodide+ascorbic acid (Vlets and others, 1984) and oxalic acid (Alminas and Mosier, 1976; Church and others 1987), produced much lower anomaly contrasts than the Enzyme leach (Kg. 3). Even higher anomaly contrasts were obtained by using the Enzyme leach on soil samples
70
60
•o 50COo 4040
fi?| 30o^ 20
10
1 ENZ
S oxalic
1-
H Kl+asc.
n " cannot be determined using thepotassium iodide+ascorbic acid leach
i Iliiii" rill .B"J "1 J,"J,".I,"I,"I "jt "^i, .M 1 . .,fe o o o — > w aj ^ .c 3 o :5 "o s raja 00 0 2 w <a: 5•Fo z oo<Q.
Fig. 3. Anomaly/background ratios for anomalous elements m sofls over the mineralized Structure at the Sleeper deposit. Nevada. The three analytical methods used were the Enzyme leach, the oxalic add leach, and the potassium iodide * ascorbic add leach.collected over the Rabbit Creek deposit, in north central Nevada.
Enzyme leach analyses of soil samples from desert pediments at several localities have revealed strong correlations between anomalous concentrations of one or more halogens and other trace elements. The leachable concentrations of arsenic and iodine in the samples collected near the Sleeper mine chow a nearly linear relationship (Rg. 4). Scatter plots of Mo and Q and Re and Br also reveal similar relationships in the leach
300
200
ASppb
100
0c
B
m
" . - -" "m
m
if100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
IppbFig. 4. Scatter plot of Enzyme-leach iodine and arsenic concentrations in soil samples collected near the Sleeper mine. Nevada.
data from the Sleeper samples. Figure 5 shows the nearly linear relationship between Sb and Br produced by Enzyme leaching of soils from another property in Nevada. The strong linear relationships between pairs of elements would seem to indicate that each pair is migrating together at that given location. Trace elements that correlate strongly with the halogens at various localities are those that tend to volatilize as halides under acid/oxidizing conditions used for chemical digestion of geological samples. Although the boiling points of halides and oxyhalides of these metals are lOO^C to 300"C above
Continued on Page 10
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l
l
l
'J]Technical NotesContinued from Page 9
300
200
Sbppb
100
0 .
m
r
r: J-"if*
0 100 200 300 XOO 500Brppb
Fig. 5. Scatter plot of EttjyrncJeadt bromlite and antimony concentrations in soil samples collected over a yropaly in Nevada.
the ambient temperature/ they would have moderate vapor pressure in localities where sulfide-rich bodies of rock were being oxidized. It seems that these halogen compounds are migrating very slowly through the overburden over extended periods of time and are being trapped by amorphous MnOj near the surface.Limitations. The development of this new leaching technology does not diminish the need for performing pilot studies. In northern Minnesota it was essential to sample the B-horizon (dark, in press). With desert coils, evidence suggests that the depth of collection can be of major importance. JVherethe overburden is generally less than 3 meters thick, stronger partial leaches usually produce greater anomaly contrasts. As an
experiment identical sample sets were sieved to minus 60 mesh in one case and pulverized in the other. The pulverized samples either failed to show any anomalies or the anomaly contrast was drastically reduced when compared to the sieved samples. Grinding may have caused this, because amorphous MnOj is a soft material that is readily reduced to a fine powder, which in turn may be dissipated by the air movement in and around the grinding apparatus. Alternatively, volatile compounds trapped in MnOj coatings could easily be lost due to the heat generated by the grinding process. Although the Enzyme leach performs extremely well for detecting currently active disposal processes, in cases where barren oxide coatings have had time to accumulate on the surfaces of mineral grains, stronger leaching techniques produce more useful results.
Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples is a relatively inexpensive technique that can be used to define overburden drilling targets. This new technology opens the door ' for cost-effective geochemical exploration for mineral deposits in many geographic areas where the bedrock is buried by overburden.REFERENCESAlminas, H.V. and Mosier, EJvl, 1976, Oxalic-acid leaching of rock, soil, and stream-sediment samples as an anomaly-
accentuation technique: UJS. Geological Survey, Open-Hie Report 76-275, 25 pp.
Canney, F.C and Nowlan, G^, 1964, Solvent effect of hydroxylainine hydrochloride in the citrate-soluble heavy metals test: Economic Geology, voL 59, p. 721-724.
Chao, T.TV 1972, Selective dissolution of manganese oxides from coils and sediments with acidified hydroxylamine hydrochloride: Soil Science of America Proceedings, voL 36, p. 764-768.
Continued on Page 11
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PAQITechnical NotesContinued from Page 10Chao, T.T., 1984, Use of partial dissolution techniques ingeochemical exploration: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol. 20, p. 101-135.Church, S.E, Mosier, EL., and Motooka, J.M., 1987,Mineralogical basis for the interpretation of multielement (ICP-AES), oxalic acid, and aqua regia partial digestions of stream sediments for reconnaissance exploration geochemistry: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, voL 29, p. 207-233.
Clark, J-Rv Meier, A.L., and Riddle, Gv 1990, Enzyme leaching of surficial geochemical samples for detecting hydromorphic trace-element anomalies associated with precious-metal mineralized bedrock buried beneath glacial overburden in northern Minnesota: in: Gold'90, Society of Mining Engineers, Chapter 19, p. 189-207.Clark, J .Rv pending, Selective leach for oxides and therein contained metals: US. Patent Office.Clark, J-Rv in press. Enzyme leaching of B-horiron coils for mineral exploration in areas of glacial overburden: Transactions, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.Taylor, RMV and McKenzie, RJvL, 1966, The association of trace elements with manganese minerals in Australian soils: Australian Journal of Soil Research, voL 4, p. 29-39.Viets, J.GV dark, J.R, and Campbell, W.L, 1984, A rapid, partial leach and organic separation for the sensitive determination of Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, and Zn in surface geologic materials by flame atomic absorption: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, voL 20, p. 355-366.
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GEOCHEMICAL MAPPINGUpdate on the International Geochemical Mapping Project
The International Geochemical Mapping (IGM) project, sponsored through UNESCO/IUGS as IGCP Project 259, distributes a newsletter in January each year to its 350 listed participants in 80 countries. The following is taken from the editorial in the latest edition, with updates from recent project meetings held in Keyworth UJC April 22-24, and Reston, Virginia, May 8-10,1992. For more background information about the project-see VoL 39 (1990) of the Journal of Geochemical Exploration.
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Sample MediaApplied geochemistry and, therefore, plans for geochonica mapping, are being driven increasingly by environmental considerations.In 1991 it became clear from papers and discussions that th preferred sampling media for the IGM project are stream sediment, soil, and water, as and when analytical problems relating to low concentrations can be overcome. Support for overbank sampling seemed to weaken. Evidence presented by John Ridgway et al. in Uppsala teemed to confirm the opinion of others that for reliable interpretation they require, in genera' more detailed site investigations than'are practical for regional reconnaissance purposes. ,
The Uppsala Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry helped to clarify a number of issues. Water is becoming the most sought-after natural commodity and for obvious reasons attracts the greatest public interest The Symposium underlined the need for baseline data on soils (sensu latu), as the almost- universal surface sampling media of general environmental significance. Stream sediments are complementary in providing enhanced sensitivity for some elements of economic importance but this medium is of lesser interest to most scientists concemet with non-geological environmental questions. Lake sediments substitute for stream sediments in wet Shield areas with poorly developed drainage, and-have the advantage that, with suitable sampling, long-term changes can be detected.An important consideration in the selection of methods is tfc sample spacing for sofl surveys, and to a lesser degree water, stream and lake sediment surveys, can be increased beyond thai required for initial reconnaissance coverage to permit more detailed investigations for specific purposes. Since most countrie have undertaken geochemical surveys and based their data onContinued on Page l
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Enzyme Leach Job # : 1 1483 Report#11520 Customer: Falconbridge Ltd. GeologistAndre Taillefer Trace Element Values Are in Parts Per Billion. Negative Values Equal Not Detected at That Lower Limit. Values = 999999 are greater than working range of instrument. S.Q. sThat element is determined SEMIQUANTITATIVELY. Line 1651
165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500165001650016500
Line 1691
1690016900169001690016900169001690016900169001690016900
Station Sample ID S.Q.Li14000 SA2148914040 SA2149014080 SA214911 41 20 SA 21 49214160 SA2149314200 SA214941 4240 SA 21 49514280 SA2149614320 SA 21 4971 4360 SA 21 49814400 SA2149914440 SA2150014480 SA2150114520 SA2150214560 SA2150314600 SA215041 4640 SA 21 5051 4680 SA 21 50614720 SA215071 4760 SA 21 5081 4800 SA 21 509
Station Sample ID S.Q.Li14000 SA215111 4040 SA 21 51 21 4080 SA 21 51 314120 SA 2151414160 SA 215151 4200 SA 21 51 61 4240 SA 21 51 71 4280 SA 21 51 814320 SA215191 4360 SA 21 52014400 SA21521
19222223
-10403412312723293026331847
-10113628
4532
-103122183540161916
S.Q.Be-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20
S.Q.Be-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20
S.Q.CI777948388236
101556297
14653102924371546864165931653192854919596850395364
-3000387763786387
S.Q.CI6781
-3000-30004372
-30006198
173611568211540136956689
S.Q.Sc S-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
S.Q.Sc S-10-10-10-10-101339
-10-10-10-10
Page
.Q.Ti-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100
.Q.Ti-100-100-100-100-100-100591
-100-100-100-100
1
Mn Co
V
75954122114012185253225341174461353618279348011916077
169549780
Mn27814638
156136147
1219410015170
8031418607485171
17541563
7771932167512651188939986
1454616616
1215637
21082197
Co764392348447413708
3557430475528352
Ni46765
1087
10106945766748
11
Ni844547
767867
Cu152028281336181725221521191831222416142421
Cu3519241916307920203126
151276
533625
307142
8712615034111840
211250
52354023
255276
542827322848
33113204520
169001690016900169001690016900169001690016900
Line 1711
171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100171001710017100
Line 1671
16700167001670016700
1 4440 SA 21 5221 4480 SA 21 52314520 SA2152414560 SA2152514600 SA215261 4640 SA 21 52714720 SA2152814760 SA2152914800 SA 21 530
Station Sample ID14000 SA2183114040 SA2183214080 SA2183314120 SA2183414160 SA 2183514200 SA2183614240 SA2183714280 SA2183814320 SA2183914360 SA218401 4400 SA 21 84114440 SA218421 4480 SA 21 8431 4520 SA 21 84414560 SA2184514600 SA2184614640 SA2184714680 SA2184814720 SA2184914760 SA2185014800 SA21851
Station Sample ID14000 SA2173214040 SA2173114080 SA2173014120 SA21729
141421231256292116
S.Q.Li24
-10651613
-10221355292138303217142071283648
S.Q.Li88625241
-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20
S.Q.Be-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20
S.Q.Be-20-20-20-20
1077110287116491149612604114807932
1000610295
S.Q.CI-30005677
-3000-30003135555037423711
131651662280455212
-3000-30004189
-3000-300022765
95779624
23017
S.Q.CI168281284158386146
-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
S.Q.Sc-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-1032
-10-10-10
S.Q.Sc-10-10-10-10
-100-100-100-100-100146
-100-100-100
S.Q.Ti V-100-100189
-100-100-100-100-100165
-100-100-100-100-100-100-100-100358
-100-100-100
S.Q.Ti V-100-100-100-100
142157
1335587
97630128248281
Mn48
1155875
146119207166
1108218185229219204228206240
16177
10861174
Mn874657
1005834
701330425
1074319
2164421423
1439
Co568557978320319444660290
2077473714503378490725723373
4088141016471128
Co2460250625261394
106664
2477
11
Ni146
1675555
1569757895
911079
Ni14111012
322040292570272730
Cu473153342119272561243124242420222589353541
Cu46372841
4632
176215
37225
399757
4551315035464561
4575639312626333737
42950
378392
285323306313
Page 2
1670016700167001670016700167001670016700167001670016700167001670016700167001670016700
14160 SA217281 4200 SA 21 7271 4240 SA 21 7261 4280 SA 21 7251 4320 SA 21 7241 4360 SA 21 7231 4400 SA 21 7221 4440 SA 21 7211 4480 SA 21 7201 4520 SA 21 71 914560 SA 217181 4600 SA 21 71 71 4640 SA 21 71 61 4680 SA 21 71 51 4720 SA 21 71 41 4760 SA 21 71 314800 SA21711
4669682718383123201661161118412534
-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20
9387106889526607766057858839964871582843681351047141137522031216071647222314
-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10-10
-100152108-100-100-100-100-100-100-100122-100-100-100-100-100-100
233978705208184219251177240177849713205215231197258
4962114180010442444743703474743551894611346340375
1174381
825221045666497455
104
2175713522182531262034181918243820
4434919146422619293044
3113412722297743
Pages
Customer's Job #-.8135/8178
Zn
Zn
Ga242618141137241319112812141526192020132232
Ge1211153
-11111
-11
-1-1151
-1-1-1
As-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-14-1
Se202314147
27191118162519153664102014106255
Br-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-3037-30-30-30-30-30-30-30
l-307170
1001361014161835771566875666898110805063
Rb-10-1029285113-10-1030-10-10-1024-10-1023454334-10-10
Sr5153242211
10340222326412623212822919192534
Y849829605589556145711024816916568018457017898895389164977091012993
Zr262123211443392024292827181920251417102129
Nb8974514232
190965766869468345372573437278497
Mo331
-1-163-11231
-133-11
-1-133
-1-1-1-1-1327
-112-1-1-11
6453-1-1-1-18647
Ga15-102312-1013
186-10171930
Ge-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1212
As-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
Se201310161319
14914797
Br-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30
l9146947957
11820814414011591
Rb833849935244-1036446444
Sr1923212723244117202720
Y667549159439471618
11384706598597257
Zr161515181721213162315
Nb5030524738527
34486455
Me-1-12-1-1-1-12222
31116-1-14-1
1998442114-1
Page 4
Zn
13-1026191769-1013-10
2132
116222
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
91347371236131116
-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30
101869753
105565628106
25431011401124-1040
172226381795232623
536551827726587865689797602
202324271632142927
576110412345173349171
224327222
-1-1
136-1-14013-1-1
Ga Ge As Se Br Zr Nb Mo16720
2073733262019712625181439152723
239263254
2-192-111215222
21-1221
-1443
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
91069
14131116421621231715192115
164174948
-3047-30-30-3042-30-3048-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30
1431481251431312051121886885
1261291659986102166180507849
3447385755584775-1041425658584639631218-10-10
13139
2353126413218902821192222271924562462103
266648181199533705501540
1001654676792851631571541634
1534861711651454
16311560253033376533322925194031196
415259
374759
12851405262
2124153484644655040655124181
2274-1-1117-11
-11111
-1-1235
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1392-1-1416-1-14
2131102645
Zn Ga Ge As Se Br54413848
5633
-1-1-1-1
45306031
42-30-30-30
-3059-30-30
-10-1010-10
Zr Nb Mo36384641
115103112108
5554
22164724
256567211818233619•102120•1010101310
268234236
-1411
-1-111
-1-11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
1940311917172212211634251514141215
-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-30-3063
40-3041-3062425188146199139111178202192198164
53-101035493530473148-10-102724464530
25115913226333233311467702035213120
830113925207066168937638266186871708946535675828713789
2350353742202327481436291413162516
3516211661723440566024111952321344721
266222222-142-1-111
-1
17472633
201118101
3515-1-1123
19
Page 6
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Cs Ba La Ce•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1.11•1•1•111111111
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22-1-1-12-1-12522-111
-1-1-1-122
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
0.30.3-0.2-0.2-0.2
10.4-0.20.3-0.2-0.2-0.2-02-0.20.3-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.20.6
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
12-1-1-15-1-1-1-12-1-123
-1-1-1-132
-1-11
-1-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
6636184784313101105654427616636740613444562713480431269281789894
403133332463602934404239243331412429173144
2923212014
14413821233232301623222514159
2132
Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Te Cs Ba La Ce1 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -11 -1
1-1-1-114-1-1-1-12
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
60.20.2-0.2-0.2
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-1-1-1-1-1-15-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-114-1-1-1-1
-1-1-11
-1-11
-1-1-11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
545444132415398390592432311469296
252627312932718243423
1716151414173
31424943
Ru
•1•1•1•1•1•11•11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1122-13
-112
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-0.20.20.60.5-0.20.6-0.20.3-0.2
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-1-1-1-1-11
-1-1-1
-1-142-14-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1
3644406655713151143399578453
323240403047264041
704486
10157108539277
Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Cs Ba La Ce•1•1-1•1-1-1•1•1•1•1•1•11•1•1111•111
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-11
-11
-1-1-1-13-11
-1-1-1-11
-1-1123
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
2.10.42.1-0.20.40.4-0.2-0.21.30.40.40.60.4-0.2-0.20.4-0.29.2-0.20.61.1
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-1-11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-14-1-1-1
1-111
-1-12171
-1-11
-11
-12
23256
-1-11111
-11111
-11
-1-1-12-11
-1-1
-1-12
-1-1-1-1-11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
480390709430320234534310
12515435245394896095453964108414938801167
8137
231012121424141411118
151393
151819
18211436141717134818232017152220135
293946
Ru Rh Pd Cd In Sn Sb
PageS
Te1 -11 -11 -11 -1
3112
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
1.20.80.60.6
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-11
-1-1
5346
11
-1-1
Cs Ba La Ce1 1158 14 331 992 16 36
-1 972 17 42-1 953 14 32
11111111111111111
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-121
-1-1-1-1-12222-1-1-11
-1
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
0.61.30.4-0.2-0.2-0.20.4-0.20.6-0.20.50.4-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.2
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
175122233
-123
-1-1-1-1-1
-1111
-1221
-1-1-12-1-1-11
-1
-122-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
53512521110502447479512451486277844654278292400406330
101813141589
11182245312019223723
2042302519141415231434241011132516
Page 9
Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf13101211819181012151414810g
14785
1014
342630291973712833433736232526362024132837
86775
111168
1199677865379
222212212222112211
-122
11899614118
11131212789
117841013
1111
-112-11211
-1-1-11
-1-1-112
655538856787344544357
1-1-11
-121
-1111
-1-1-1-11
-1-1-1-11
222213322232-122211
-122
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
322214323433222221
-123
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
221
-1-132-11221
-1111
-1-1-112
Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Page 10
Hf998
1099268
107
232321252426619263326
665666-14463
111112-1-1-11
-1
8117889
-14666
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11
-1
444454-12343
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
222212-1-1111
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
222222-11121
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-12-1-11
-1-1112
Pr
101012138
148
1313
343742442849275450
5678585
109
122212122
71110106106
1111
-1111
-12-121
345647376
-1-111
-11
-111
1122-12122
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
222313132
-1-1-1-1-1.-j-1-1-1
2133-14-122
Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf10141028121515172916171614112018114
302628
14231541182024254325262219163125156
293438
710616789
11151011986
11962101515
22242222422222321
-1234
7128
239
111312221313121171513112122923
11131122322211211
-11154
465
136667
128776498428
1213
-11
-12-111131111
-121
-1-1122
12142222532221322-1344
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
12262233523322432-1976
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1732
1-123
-1-1-1-13
-11
-1-111
-11
-1123
Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Page 11
Hf17192319
26283427
10111411
3343
13142413
2222
77
109
1222
3233
-1-1-1-1
4344
-1-1-1-1
2222
12251620191112163471410667
128
1733252926151820312453392218254428
7149
1212577
1049744576
132231212122-1-1121
9181315137991361210557
107
13222225
14-121
-1-1-11
-1
510787445737633354
12112-1-1-11
-11
-1-1-1-1-1-1
242331222122-1-1-121
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
2533323413-13211121
-11
-1-11
-1-13
11-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
132-11
-1-1-1-1-122-1-1-1-1-1
Page 12
Ta W Re Os R Au S.Q.Hg Tl Pb Bi Th U•1•1•1•1-11•1•1•1•1•11•111111111
-1-1-1-1-11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-0.10.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
1314423
1077561473
121443328
12
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
272116179
402017192731241215261714128
2832
65211
11432222158422456
Ta W Re Os Ir R Au S.Q.Hg Tl Pb Bi Th
Page 13
U•1•1•1•1•1•16•1•1•1•1
1-1-1-1-1-110211
-1
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.10.7
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.12.5
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
434233
342222
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
221614181718
38
131711
3422211
-122
-1
Ta
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-12
-1-12
-1-11
-0.1-0.10.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
43
1163g353
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
192134431566112935
73
16739232
W Re Os Ir R Au S.Q.Hg Tl Pb Bi Th U-1-11
-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-16-111
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-11
-11
-111-122
0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.10.8-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.13.2-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
113731222932112122
2541014
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
13131618101211114691813128
201473
122435
3332222152-12221
-112-133
Ta W Re Os Ir R Au S.Q.Hg Tl Pb Bi Th U1 11 -11 11 1
-0.1-0.1-0.10.1
-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
Page 14
-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1
6689
-1-1-1-1
22272824
6948
-111
•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•111111
-121
-1-1-1-1
11
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
1
-0.10.10.1
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.10.1
-0.1-0.10.10.1
-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
26322213225
12-1
1132
-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
g35291812
68
10121173381511222411
285
-111
-12
-1255
-11122
Page 15
Sheets
S.Q.Li
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
28.16867472.043446645
2516
18.61668494346.580958
98-1088
23388388
-10
S. Q. Be
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-200
-20-20
000
-20-20
-166083
-20-20
S. Q. CI
MeanStandard ErrorMedianLModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
7915.084337699.4712016
6689-3000
6372.48592340608576.83
26017-300023017
65695283
23017-3000
S. Q. Se
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-8.6265060240.816504531
-10-10
7.43871029255.33441081
49-1039
-7168339
-10
Page 1
Sheets
S.Q.Ti
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallestd)
-68.3012048211.96379757
-100-100
108.995383111879.99354
691-100591
-566983
591-100
V
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
357.819277134.60683478
218177
315.283269699403.54011
132312
133529699
831335
12
Mn
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
972.361445885.04530361
637616
774.7995898600314.4043
3917171
408880706
834088
171
Co
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
9.650602411.363155849
76
12.41894082154.2300911
874
91801
8391
4
Page 2
Sheets
S.Q.Li
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
28.16867472.043446645
2516
18.61668494346.580958
98-1088
23388388
-10
S. Q. Be
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-200
-20-20
000
-20-20
-166083
-20-20
S. Q. CI
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
7915.084337699.4712016
6689-3000
6372.48592340608576.83
26017-300023017
65695283
23017-3000
S. Q. Se
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-8.6265060240.816504531
-10-10
7.43871029255.33441081
49-1039
-7168339
-10
Page 1
Sheets
S.Q.Ti
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-68.301204821 1 .96379757
-100-100
108.995383111879.99354
691-100591
-566983
591-100
V
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
357.819277134.60683478
218177
315.283269699403.54011
132312
133529699
831335
12
Mn
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
972.361445885.04530361
637616
774.7995898600314.4043
3917171
408880706
834088
171
Co
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallestfl)
9.650602411.363155849
76
12.41894082154.2300911
874
91801
8391
4
Page 2
Sheets
Ni
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
29.457831331 .647650462
2524
15.01081009225.3244196
761389
2445838913
Cu
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
118.265060213.5282172
4645
123.247924315190.05084
^ 44413
4579816
83457
13
Zn
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
29.457831334.705093844
20-10
42.865444951837.446371
249-10239
244583
239-10
Ga
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
2.3253012050.420985101
2-1
3.83535680214.7099618
22-121
1938321-1
PageS
Sheets
Ge
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.8795180720.073527449
-1-1
0.6698669390.448721716
5-14
-7383
4-1
As
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
24.50602412.719331082
1714
24.7742852613.7652072
1586
1642034
83164
6
Se
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-24.469879522.201323123
-30-30
20.0550081402.20335
93-3063
-20318363
-30
Br
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
92.843373496.29090743
88-30
57.312894293284.767852
238-30208
770683
208-30
Page 4
Sheets
1
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
26.686746992.935336393
31-10
26.74218724715.1445783
103-1093
22158393
-10
Rb
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
38.686746993.662436002
2622
33.366379941113.31531
2269
2353211
83235
9
Sr
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
1072.53012219.6318905
7011102
2000.941754003767.886
15189159
1534889020
8315348
159
Y
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
26.481927711.344917998
2416
12.25278609150.130767
632
652198
8365
2
PageS
Sheets
Zr
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
67.072289164.491372967
5534
40.91835511674.311784
2066
2125567
83212
6
Nb
MeanStandard ErrorMedian ^ModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
1.6987951810.241660761
2-1
2.2016343144.847193653
8-17
14183
7-1
Mo
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
62.506024134.84595365
3-1
317.4617462100781.9603
2132-1
21315188
832131
-1
Ru
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
Ph
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
Page 6
Sheets
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
Pd
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
0.3734939760.171174954
-1-1
1 .559478052.43197179
6-15
3183
5-1
Ag
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.21.3991E-09
-0.2-0.2
1 .27464E-081.62472E-16
0-0.2-0.2
-16.683
-0.2-0.2
Ccf
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
0.366265060.140203424
-0.2-0.2
1.2773139791.631531002
9.4-0.29.2
30.483
9.2-0.2
In
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.21.3991E-09
-0.2-0.2
1 .27464E-081.62472E-16
0-0.2-0.2
-16.683
-0.2-0.2
Page 7
Sheets
Sn
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.7590361450.106489907
-1-1
0.9701692260.941228328
6-15
-6383
5-1
Sb |
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
1 .2650602410.395420575
-1-1
3.60245288212.97766676
24-123
1058323-1
Te
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.3132530120.114901625
-1-1
1 .0468036231.095797825
3-12
-2683
2-1
Cs
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.7590361450.083259984
-1-1
0.7585345540.575374669
3-12
-6383
2-1
Pages
Sheets
ea
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
565.421686727.88383253
489431
254.033804264533.17367
1120132
125246930
831252
132
La
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
24.277108431 .370238343
2314
12.48346541155.8369086
603
632015
8363
3
Ce
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
31.445783132.951028102
2214
26.88514551722.8110491
1413
1442610
83144
3
Pr
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
13.289156630.68537686
1210
6.24408035938.98853952
322
341103
8334
2
Page 9
Sheets
Nd
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
28.903614461.298365171
2626
1 1 .82866965139.9174258
676
732399
83736
Sm
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
7.783132530.344576464
76
3.1392409869.85483397
17-116
6468316-1
Eu
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
1 .6265060240.124456908
22
1.1338563961 .285630326
5-14
13583
4-1
Gd
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
10.421686750.521114699
1011
4.74758085222.53952395
30-129
8658329-1
Page 10
Sheets
Tb
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
1.0843373490.25725147
11
2.3436724325.49280047
15-114908314-1
Dy |
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
5.6626506020.275493898
54
2.5098688556.299441669
14-113
4708313-1
Ho
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
0.1084337350.132796996
-1-1
1 .2098382091 .463708493
4-139
833
-1
Er
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
1 .7469879520.136970468
22
1 .2478603491.557155451
6-15
14583
5-1
Page 11
Sheets
Tm
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
Yb
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
2.566265060.214924196
22
1.9580526113.833970026
14-113
2138313-1
Lu
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.5542168670.189539098
-1-1
1 .7267833632.981780782
12-111
-468311-1
Hf
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
0.5783132530.165421377
1-1
1.5070604722.271231267
5-14
48834
-1
Ta
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
Page 12
Sheets
-0.5542168670.138474341
-1-1
1.2615612861.591536879
7-16
-4683
6-1
W
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.132530120.217356682
-1-1
1.9802136153.921245959
12-111
-118311-1
Re
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.0578313250.015628707
-0.1-0.1
0.1423842980.020273288
0.9-0.10.8
-4.883
0.8-0.1
Os
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
Ir
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
Page 13
Sheets
Pt
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
Au
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-0.0289156630.050315786
-0.1-0.1
0.4583986230.210129298
3.3-0.13.2
-2.483
3.2-0.1
S.Q.Hg
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
ri
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
Pb
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
5.3614457830.591987422
32
5.39326208629.08727593
35-134
4458334-1
Page 14
Sheets
Bi
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallestd)
-10
-1-1000
-1-1
-8383-1-1
77?
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
19.66265061 .334599922
1712
12.15878395147.836027
703
731632
8373
3
U
MeanStandard ErrorMedianModeStandard DeviationSample VarianceRangeMinimumMaximumSumCountLargest(1)Smallest(1)
2.9518072290.318820747
22
2.9045952438.436673523
17-116
2458316-1
Page 15
Mining Act, Subsection 65(2) and 60(3), n.a.u.
Personal Information collected on t Mining Act, the Information Is a pub Questions about this collection t 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury,
Mining Act. Under section 8 of the espond with the mining land holder, welopment and Mines, 6th Floor,
42A14SW0048 2 17013 PROSSER 900
Instructions: - For work penormea on v/rown uanas oeiore recording a ciaim, use torm 0240.
- Please type or print in ink.
1, Recorded holder(s) (Attach a list If necessary)2.17013
Name T~AV-.Cj3.Njlb'^vbG-C- L-V A*. v~T^s(^
Address"P- o- ~C*^y. \\H^
-TvvA^v^ 0~i-nV^vo ^ ^vnName '
Address
2. Type of work performed: Check ( s \
"RECEIVED
J/MC27 1997
MINING LANDS BRANCH
Client Number
Telephone Number j
Fax Number""l ^ S ~~ 2-&H ~"v)O ̂ QClient Number
Telephone Number
Fax Number
and report on only ONE of the following groups for this declaration.
re*' Geotechnical: prospecting, surveys,l—J assays and work under section 18 (regs) D Physical: drilling, stripping,
trenching and associated assays Rehabilitation
Work Type
Dates Work ^. .N^ e. c. To -zr) ^O n. C, Performed From o' O\3 . -\^ TO ^u . OO \^
D^ Month 1 YMT D^ 1 Month VMT
Global Positioning System Data (H available) Township/Area ~F\2-O SS^.1^
M or G-Plan NumberG - 3^65
Office Use
Commodity
Total S Value of ~, — . /^ Work Claimed S,2. \vj
NTS Reference
Mining Division P^f fj^p^ ̂
Resident Geologist ̂ -rt- District \ \w\VYUt\S
Please remember to: - obtain a work permit from the Ministry of Natural Resources as required;- provide proper notice to surface rights holders before starting work;- complete and attach a Statement of Costs, form 0212;- provide a map showing contiguous mining lands that are linked for assigning work;- include two copies of your technical report.
3. Pereon or companies who prepared the technical report (Attach a list if necessary)
Name
Address . . ̂ ^ "F^^C&^J^^vtiGt V— v^v-^erO V\*AVA\JS
Name
Address
Name
Address
Telephone Number
Fax Number
Telephone Number
Fax Number
Telephone Number
Fax Number
4. Certification by Recorded Holder or Agent
1, VJi l\^ CaS.vS^\Aj , do hereby certify that 1 have personal knowledge of the facts set
(Print Name)forth In this Declaration of Assessment Work having caused the work to be performed or witnessed the same during
or after Its completion and, to the best of my knowledge, the annexed report is true.
Signature of Recorded Holder or Agent Date
Agent's Address Telephone Number Fax Number
0241 (02M)td rJ- h J t
the mining land wnere wuin. must accompany this form.
Mining Claim Number. Or if work was done on other eligible mining land, show In this column the location number Indicated on the claim map.
eg
•B{
eg
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
TB 7827
* rW*C *f —— L Xj* —— "" -^
1234568
?^v^Tin \*3-!,T\n^3 1P\\^\43S
Number of Claim Units. For other mining land, list hectares.
16 ha
S?2
l
\
l
l
- - - . ,
Column Totals
Value of work performed on this claim or other mining land.
526, 825
0
% 8, 892
i* Boo•5 Sooq ^ob"* Sos-
.
————— d̂—— ̂ —— Q-
•̂s--*t ——v
*
^3Z\^
Value of work applied to this claim.
N/A
124,000
S 4,000
•4 ^oo
^ ^0
^ ̂ 0^3
^ ^^
) ———————————
Value of work assigned to other mining claims.
S24.000
0
0
Bank. Value of work to be distributed at a future date.
S2,825
0
S4.892
45
*5
10
, do hereby certify that the above work credits are eligible under
(Print Fun Name)
subsection 7 (1) of the Assessment Work Regulation 6/96 for assignment to contiguous claims or for application to
the claim where the work was done.
Signature ol Recorded Holder gt Agent Authorized In WritingData
6. Instructions for cutting back credits that are not approved.
Some of the credits claimed In this declaration may be cut back. Please check ( ^) in the boxes below to show how
you wish to prioritize the deletion of credits:
ET' 1. Credits are to be cut back from the Bank first, followed by option 2 or 3 or 4 as indicated.
0""2. Credits are to be cut back starting with the claims listed last, working backwards; or
D 3. Credits are to be cut back equally over all claims listed In this declaration; or
D 4. Credits are to be cut back as prioritized on the attached appendix or as follows (describe):
Note: If you have not indicated how your credits are to be deleted, credits will be cut back from the Bank first,
followed by option number 2 if necessary.
Total Value of Credit Approved
'7
Personal Information collected on this form is obtained under the authority of subsection 6(1) of the Assessment Work Regulation 6/96. Under
section 8 of the Mining Act, the information Is a public record. This Information will be used to review the assessment work and correspond with
the mining land holder. Questions about this collection should be directed to the Chief Mining Recorder, Minister* Northern Development and
Mines, 6th Floor. 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 6B5. j? l V l l lr** * JL * \J J[
Work Type
S c \ c. Sf\w/^ ky /O G-
(\A) * ̂ -\\CA^ ^ i*TS,
^e? o^T5
Units of WorkDepending on the type of work, list the number of hours/days worked, metres of drilling, kilo metres of grid line, number of samples, etc.
*S3 .Sr\f\frUc5
*a^ -sfVM*Lfcs3 ~^A^s
Associated Costs (e.g. supplies, mobilization and. demobilization).
Transportation Costs
— -/^Zt-Cfc- "/^fc^J-pM- -x/ (Z-A-S
Food and Lodging Costs
Cost Per Unit of work
4 to^ -Z.O
^ Zoo
RECEIVE
J AN 2 7 1997
MINING LAND.V BRAN
i 3 0
Total Value of Assessment Work
Total Cost
^ S3Q
^ \ U^a, 4^3
^
-H
f / ZO
^32L\^
Calculations of Filing Discounts:
1. Work filed within two years of performance is claimed at 100*^ of the above Total Value of Assessment Work.
2. If work is filed after two years and up to five years after performance, it can only be claimed at 500A of the Total
Value of Assessment Work. If this situation applies to your claims, use the calculation below:
TOTAL VALUE OF ASSESSMENT WORK x 0.50 Total S value of worked claimed.
Not*:- Work older than 5 years is not eligible for credit.- A recorded holder may be required to verify expenditures claimed in this statement of costs within 45 days of a
request for verification and/or correction/clarification. If verification and/or correction/clarification is not made, the
Minister may reject all or part of the assessment work submitted.
Certification verifying costs:
l, -Pftvsl O"^A-^5 V\J , do hereby certify, that the amounts shown are as accurate as may'(ptoase print fufl nam*)
reasonably be determined and the costs were incurred while conducting assessment work on the lands indicated on
the accompanying Declaration of Work form as
to make
0212(02/99)
Fy) LOCUST(recorded holder, agent, or state company position with signing authority)
l am authorized
Signature-
h jData
Ajav. l * i
Ministry ofNorthern Developmentand Mines
February 3, 1997
Gary WhiteMining Recorder60 Wilson Avenue, 1st FloorTimmins, ONP4N 2S7
Ministere du Developpement du Nord et des Mines Ontario
Geoscience Assessment Office 933 Ramsey Lake Road 6th Floor Sudbury, Ontario P3E 6B5
Telephone: Fax:
(705) (705)
670-5853 670-5863
Dear Sir or Madam:
Subject: Transaction Number(s): W9660.00610
Submission Number: 2.17013StatusApproval
We have reviewed your Assessment Work submission with the above noted Transaction Number(s). The attached summary page(s) indicate the results of the review. WE RECOMMEND YOU READ THIS SUMMARY FOR THE DETAILS PERTAINING TO YOUR ASSESSMENT WORK.If the status for a transaction is a 45 Day Notice, the summary will outline the reasons for the notice, and any steps you can take to remedy deficiencies. The 90-day deemed approval provision, subsection 6(7) of the Assessment Work Regulation, will no longer be in effect for assessment work which has received a 45 Day Notice.
Please note any revisions must be submitted in DUPLICATE to the Geoscience Assessment Office, by the response date on the summary.
NOTE: This correspondence may affect the status of your mining lands. Please contact the Mining Recorder to determine the available options and the status of your claims.If you have any questions regarding this correspondence, please contact Lucille Jerome by e-mail at jeromej@torv05.ndm.gov.on.ea or by telephone at (705) 670-5858.
Yours sincerely,
ORIGINAL SIGNED BYRon C. GashinskiSenior Manager, Mining Lands SectionMines and Minerals Division
Correspondence ID: 10542 Copy for: Assessment Library
Work Report Assessment Results
Submission Number: 2 .17013Date Correspondence Sent: February 03, 1997 Assessor: Lucille JeromeTransaction
NumberFirst Claim
NumberW9660.00610 1171632
Section:13 Geochemical GCHEM
Township(s) l A rea(s)PROSSER
Status
ApprovalApproval Date
January 31, 1997
Correspondence to:Mining Recorder Timmins, ON
Resident Geologist Timmins, ON
Assessment Files Library Sudbury, ON
Recorded Holder(s) and/or Agent(s):Dan BrissonFALCONBRIDGE LIMITED Timmins, ONTARIO
Page: l
Correspondence ID: 10542
-
LEGEND
HIGHWAY AND ROUTE No. —— (^J^^H—™
SURVEYED LINES:
LOTS, MINING CLAIMS, PARCELS, ETC. ——————————
UNSURVEYED LINES: LOT LINES ———————————PARCEL BOUNDARY ———————————MINING CLAIMS ETC. ———————————
RAILWAY AND RIGHT OF WAY H —— i —— H-t —— i —— 1-
UTILITY LINES -o —— "— f-o —— ̂
NON-PERENNIAL STREAM — -- —— -— ———
FLOODING OR FLOODING RIGHTS ZZZZZZZZZSZ
SUBDIVISION OH COMPOSII b PLAN /̂///////////////////////.
ORIGINAL SHORELINE . .........••••••••••....'.'.'.'.'••••-
MARSH OR MUSKEG ^E^^^^S^ MINES ft
TRAVERSE MONUMENT -^-
DISPOSITION OF CROWN LANDS
TYPE OF DOCUMENT SYMBOL
PATENT, SURFACES MINING RIGHTS ... . .. . . 9
.SURFACE RIGHTS ONLY.... ©
.MINING RIGHTSONLY .. O
LEASE. SURFACE S MINING RIGHTS— . .. —. ..— ... B
" .SURFACE RIGHTS ONLY. _ ..... .. . .... H
" , MINING RIGHTS ONLY........ .. .. ............. Q
LICENCE OF OCCUPATION .. .. _ . ..... .......... .. T
ORDER-IN-COUNCIL ... _ OCRESERVATION ©
CANCELLED , , ®
SAND S GRAVEL _ . ,... .. (T)
NOTE: MINING RIGHTS IN PARCELS PATENTED PRIOR TO MAY 6, 1913, VESTED IN ORIGINAL PATENTEE BY THE PUBLIC LANDS ACT, R.S.O. 1970, CHAP. 380, SEC. 63, SUBSEC 1.
THE INFORMATION THAT APPEARS ON THIS MAP HAS BEEN COMPILED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. AND ACCURACY IS NOT GUARANTEED THOSE WISHING TO STAKE MIN ING CI AIMS SHOULD CON SULT WITH THE MINING RECORDER. MINISTRY OF NORTHERN DEVELOP MENT AND MINES. FOR AD DITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE STATUS OF THE LANDS SHOWN HEREON
V
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NOTES:
400' surface rights reservation along the shores of all lakes and rivers.
SCALE: 1 INCH = 40 CHAINS
FEET 0 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000
0 200 1000 2000METRES (1 KM) [2 KM)
ACRES HECTARES
ivifoiiTOWNSHIP
PROSSERM. N. R. ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT
TIMMINS
MINING DIVISION
PORCUPINELAND TITLES/ REGISTRY DIVISION
COCHRANE
42A14SW0048 2. 1701 3 PROSSER 200
Dale NumberFEB. I960
ACTIVATED JUi 't l i. i99f- f "* — *^^^i fc^ ̂ \
CHKCKc.u BY li. W
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