1.wcdma basic principle introduction[1]
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved
Page 1
Content
General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
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Page 2
Mobile Communication Development
AMPS
TACS
NMT
Others
1G 1980sAnalog
GSMGSM
CDMA CDMA IS-95IS-95
TDMATDMAIS-136IS-136
PDCPDC
2G 1990sDigital
Technologies drive
3G IMT-2000
UMTSUMTSWCDMAWCDMA
CDMACDMA20002000
Demands drive
TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA
3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers
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Page 3
WCDMA Standard Evolution
3GPP Rel993GPP Rel4
3GPP Rel5
1999 2006
DL/UL:
384k/384k
3GPP Rel6
2008
3GPP Rel7
3GPP Rel8
2004 2005 2007
DL/UL:
384k/384k
DL/UL:
14.4M/384k
DL/UL:
14.4M/384k
DL/UL:
14.4M/5.76M
DL/UL:
42M/11M
DL/UL:
80M/11M
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Page 4
WCDMA Network Architecture
RNC
RNC
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB
CS
PS
UE UTRAN CNUu Iu
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
Iur
Iub
Iub
Iub
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Page 5
3G
Internet•E-Mail•WWW•FTP•Electronic business
Telecom Service•Voice•Mobility and Ramble•Message
Information Service
•VOD•VP•TV & Radio•Media Service
Multi-service BlendedMulti-service Blended
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Page 6
Service classified
Service classified by QoS
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Page 7
Content General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer
Coding and Multiplexing
Spreading
Modulation
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
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Page 8
CDMA Explanation
frequency
time
power
FDMA
frequencytime
power
TDMA
power
time
CDMA
frequency
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Page 9
WCDMA RAN Architecture
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
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Page 10
Air Interface Protocol Structure
Radio Resource Control (RRC)
Medium Access Control (MAC)
Transport channels
Physical layer
Con
trol
/ M
easu
rem
ents
Layer 3
Logical channels Layer 2
Layer 1
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Page 11
Uu Air Interface Protocol
L3
con
tro
l
con
tro
l
con
tro
l
LogicalChannels
TransportChannels
C-plane signaling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DCNtGC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
BMC L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DCNtGC
RadioBearers
RRCco
ntr
ol
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Page 12
Data Processing at Physical Layer
Data from MAC Layer ( TB)
Channel coding and
multiplexing
Spreading and modulation
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Page 13
Implementation of Physical Layer
MAC Layer ( Layer
2 )
Physical channel
Spreading and Modulation
Transport channel
Physical channel structurePhysical channel structure
OVSF, scrambling,OVSF, scrambling,modulationmodulation
Coding & multiplexingCoding & multiplexingMapping to physical layerMapping to physical layer
De-multiplexing & decodingDe-multiplexing & decodingMapping to MAC layerMapping to MAC layer
De-spreading &demodulationDe-spreading &demodulation
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Page 14
WCDMA Communication Model
Source decoding
Source
coding Interleaving
deinterleaving
Scrambling spreading
Despreading
Modulation
Demodulation
Transmitting
Receiving
Radio channel
Descrambling Deinterleaving &channel
decoding
Channel coding & interleaving
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Page 15
Sketch of WCDMA Physical Links
Convolutioncoding
p(t)PA
MU
X
demodulation
Interleaving
*j
p(t)
Pilot
DPCCH
DPDCH
tcos
......
tsin
I+jQ
TPC command
scrambS
Delay1slot
Ic
Qc
1010
TFCITPC
CRCTailbit
Information
matchfilter
RAKEcombining
Viterbidecoding
Frameerror
detection
LPF
targetFER
decision
SIRmeasurement
decision
TPCcommand
targetSIR
delay
inner looppower control
Outer looppower control
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Page 16
Mapping between Transport Channel and Physical Channel
Transport Channels
DCH
RACH
CPCH
BCH
FACH
PCH
DSCH
Physical Channels
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
Synchronisation Channel (SCH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel (AP-AICH)
Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH)
Collision-Detection/Channel-Assignment Indicator
Channel (CD/CA-ICH)
Channel-Assignment Indication Channel (CA-ICH
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Page 17
Content General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer
Coding and Multiplexing
Spreading
Modulation
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
MBMS Introduction
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Page 18
Sketch of Coding and Multiplexing
Objective : Data stream from MAC and higher layers (TB/TBS) is encoded and multiplexed to offer transport services over the radio transmission link.
Data stream from MAC
Coding and multiplexing, mapping transport channel to
physical channel
Data stream at physical channel
Content : channel coding scheme is a combination of error detection, error correcting,rate matching,interleaving and transport channels mapping onto/splitting from physical channel
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Page 19
Steps of Coding and Multiplexing
CRC addition
Transport block concatenation and
code block segmentation
Forward error coding
DTX insertion
Interleaving
Radio frame segmentation
Multiplexing of transport
channel(TrCH)
Physical channel segmentation
Mapping to physical channels
Steps
of coding
and multip-
lexing
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Page 20
Coding for Downlink 12.2kb/s AMR Speech
TrCh#1 Transport block
CRC attachment
CRC
Tail bit attachment
Convolutional coding R=1/3, 1/2
Rate matching
81
81
303
Tail
8 93
303+NRM1 1st interleaving
12
Radio frame segmentation
#1a
To TrCh Multiplexing
303 +NRM1
NRF1 = (303 +NRM1)/2
NRF2 = (333+ NRM2)/2
NRF3 = (136+ NRM3)/2
#1b
TrCh#2
103
103
333
Tail
8 103
333 +NRM2
#2a
TrCh#3
60
60
136
Tail
8 60
136 +NRM3
#3a
136 +NRM3
#3b
333 +NRM2
#2b NRF1 NRF1 NRF2 NRF2 NRF3 NRF3
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Page 21
Content General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer
Coding and Multiplexing
Spreading
Modulation
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
MBMS Introduction
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Page 22
Spreading Technology
Spreading consists of 2 operations: Channelization operation , which transforms data symbols
into chips. Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal,.The
number of chips per data symbol is called the Spreading Factor
( SF ) .The operation is done by multiplying with OVSF code.
Scrambling operation , which is done for spreadin signal .
Data bit
OVSF code
Scrambling code
Chips after spreading
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Page 23
Spreading code: OVSF ( Walsh)
OVSF: Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor, generated by
Walsh matrix
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
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Page 24
Purpose of OVSF
Downlink SF of typical service
Typical service Data rate Downlink SF
AMR 12.2, kbps 128
VP 64kbps 32
144kbps 144kbps 16
384kbps 384kbps 8
HSDPA 14.4mbps for one cell 16
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Page 25
UL DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading
I
j
cd,1
d
Slong,n or Sshort,n
I+jQ
DPDCH1
Q
cd,3
d
DPDCH3
cd,5
d
DPDCH5
cd,2
d
DPDCH2
cd,4
d
DPDCH4
cd,6
d
DPDCH6
cc
c
DPCCH
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Page 26
PRACH Spreading
message part is shown in the following figure , the value of gain factors is the the same with DPDCH/DPCCH
j c cc
cd
d
Sr-msg,n
I+jQ
PRACH message control part
PRACH message data part
Q
I
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Page 27
PCPCH Spreading
message part is shown in the following figure , the value of gain factors is the also the same with DPDCH/DPCCH
j c cc
cd
d
Sc-msg,n
I+jQ
PCPCH message control part
PCPCH message data part
Q
I
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Page 28
Downlink Spreading
I
Data of physical channel except SCH
SP
Cch,SF,m
j
Sdl,n
Q
I+jQ S
• Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a complex-valued scrambling code.
• The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame boundary of P-CCPCH.
• Each channel have different gain factor
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Page 29
Downlink Spreading
Different physical channel come from point S
G1
G2
GP
GS
S-SCH
P-SCH
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Page 30
Scrambling code: GOLD sequence
For uplink, scrambling code is used to separate different connection
Uplink: 224 long scrambles and 224 short scrambles
For downlink, scrambling code is used to separate different cell
Downlink: 262143 (2 18 - 1) scrambles, but only 8192
scrambles( from 0 to 8191) are adopted at present
The length of scrambling code is 38400 chips
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Page 31
DL scramble
Set 0
Set 1
…
Set 511
PSC 0
SSC 1
…
SSC 15
PSC511×16
…
SSC511×16 + 1
SSC511×16 + 15
8192 scrambles 512 sets
1 PSC and 15 SSCs in each set
Only primary scrambles are adopted at present
PSC and SSC
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Page 32
Downlink Scrambling code
218-1 =262143 scrambling codes totally , only 0…8191 scrambling codes are used
I
Q
1
1 0
02
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
17
17
16
16
15
15
14
14
13
13
12
12
11
11
10
10
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Page 33
Uplink Long Scrambling code
224 long scrambling code totally
The scrambling code sequence number n can set the initial phase of the
first shift register ,thus decide the scrambling code sequence.
clong,1,n
clong,2,n
MSB LSB
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Page 34
Content General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer
Coding and Multiplexing
Spreading
Modulation
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
MBMS Introduction
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Page 35
WCDMA Modulation
Functions of modulation
Different modulation methods corresponding to different
transmitting abilities in air interface
− R99/R4: adopt QPSK , DL max data rate is 2.7Mbps
− HSDPA: adopt 16QAM , DL max data rate is 14.4Mbps
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Page 36
Uplink Modulation
调制的码片数率为 3.84Mbps
S
Im{S}
Re{S}
cos(t)
Complex-valued sequence after spreading
-sin(t)
Split real & imag parts
Pulse shaping
Pulse shaping
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Page 37
Downlink Modulation
The chip rate is 3.84Mbps
S
Im{S}
Re{S}
cos(t)
Complex-valued sequence after spreading
-sin(t)
Split real & imag parts
Pulse shaping
Pulse shaping
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Page 38
RAKE Receiver
Front receiver
1st path
2nd path
3rd path
delay evaluator Compute time-
delay and phase deflexion
Signal composer Composed signal
tt
s(t) s(t)
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Page 39
WCDMA Fast Power Control
The rate of power control can be up to1500 times per second, which is faster than that of fading, thus, it can overcome shadow fading and fast fading effectively
Decrease interference of system, and increase system capacity and quality
Save power, and expand conversational time
Without power control With power control
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Page 40
WCDMA Handover - Hard Handover
Features
Disconnect the link of source cell first, and then establish a
new link with target cell
“GAP” of communication
Non-CDMA system can only perform hard handover
UE move
Target BSSource BS
time
Data UE received/
sent“GAP” of communication
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Page 41
WCDMA Handover - Soft handover
Features
Peculiar in CDMA system, only happens among cells with the same frequency
Establish a radio link with target cell first, and then disconnect that with source cell, thus, it can avoid communication gap
Soft handover occupies more system resource than hard handover
If two cells which are performing soft handover belong to the same NodeB, maximum ratio combining can be performed in uplink, it is called softer handover
UE move
Target BSSource BS
time
Data UE received/
sentN o “GAP” of communication
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Page 42
WCDMA Transmit and Receive Technology
Diversity technology - overcome signal
fading
Space diversity: the horizontal
distance of two diversity antennas is
greater than 10 wavelength
Polarization diversity: the polarization
direction of two receiving antennas is
orthogonal
Transmitting diversity: provide diversities
for terminals
Receiving diversity: RAKE receiver
b0 b1 b2 b3
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b2 b3 b0 -b1
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Channel bits
STTD encoded channel bitsfor antenna 1 and antenna 2.
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Page 43
Content
General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
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Page 44
HSDAP Improve Downlink Data Rate Greatly
Compare between GPRS, CDMA2000 and WCDMA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
GPRS EDGE CDMA2K 1x 1x EV- DO R99/ R4 HSDPA0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Peak Data Rate(Kbps)Average Rate(Kbps)Frenquency Cost per Bi tEqui pment Cost per Bi t
HSDPA helps WCDMA operators consolidate advantage in the competition
Kbps
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Page 45
HSDPA Key Techniques - Overview
AMC
Fast SchedulingHARQ ( Hybrid ARQ)
16QAMSF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM
MAC-hs
3 New Physical Channels
HSDPA Peak Rate= (3.84/16)*4*15=14.4MbpsHSDPA Peak Rate= (3.84/16)*4*15=14.4Mbps
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Page 46
HSDPA Key Techniques – New Architecture
High Speed Physical Downlink Shared ChannelHigh Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel• Data Share Channel: Peak Rate 14.4Mbit/s• QPSK and 16 QAM• SF=16 High Speed Shared Control ChannelHigh Speed Shared Control Channel• SF=128• Convey some control information
High Speed Dedicated Physical Control ChannelHigh Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel• SF=256• Convey ACK/NACK and CQI information
DownLinkDownLink
UpLinkUpLink
•MAC-hs layer on NodeB for fast scheduling
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Page 47
HSDPA Architecture-Protocol Stacks
R99/R4
PHYPHY
MACMAC
RLCRLC
PHYPHY L1L1
L2L2
DSCHFP
DSCHFP
L1L1
L2L2
DSCHFP
DSCHFP
MAC-c/sh
MAC-c/sh
L1L1
L2L2
DSCHFP
DSCHFP
L1L1
L2L2
DSCHFP
DSCHFP
MAC-dMAC-d
RLCRLC
Uu Iub Iur
UE Node-B CRNC SRNC
R5 HSDPA
MAC-hs
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH
FP
HS-DSCH
FP
HS-DSCH
FP
HS-DSCH
FP
HS-DSCH
FP
HS-DSCH
FP
HS-DSCH
FP
HS-DSCH
FP
PHY(3 new CHs)
PHY(3 new CHs)
Additional MAC-hs layer
on Node-B (H-ARQ, AMC
and Scheduling etc)
Additional MAC-hs layer
on Node-B (H-ARQ, AMC
and Scheduling etc)
Uu: New additional 3 Physical layer
Channels, i.e.,HS-PDSCH (Downlink
Data), HS-SCCH (Downlink Control
Signalling), HS-DPCCH (Uplink
Control Signalling)
Uu: New additional 3 Physical layer
Channels, i.e.,HS-PDSCH (Downlink
Data), HS-SCCH (Downlink Control
Signalling), HS-DPCCH (Uplink
Control Signalling)
Iub, Iur: HS-DSCH FP
(Downlink Data)
Iub, Iur: HS-DSCH FP
(Downlink Data)
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Page 48
HSDPA Key Techniques - AMC
AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) based on Channel Quality Feedback
Adjust data rate to compensate channel conditions− Good channel condition – Higher rate− Bad channel condition – Lower rate
Adjust the modulation scheme to compensate channel conditions
− Good channel condition –16QAM− Bad channel condition – QPSK
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) UE measures the channel quality (SNR) reports
(every 2ms or more cycle) to NodeB NodeB choose modulation and block size,
data rate primarily based on CQI
AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) based on Channel Quality Feedback
Adjust data rate to compensate channel conditions− Good channel condition – Higher rate− Bad channel condition – Lower rate
Adjust the modulation scheme to compensate channel conditions
− Good channel condition –16QAM− Bad channel condition – QPSK
Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) UE measures the channel quality (SNR) reports
(every 2ms or more cycle) to NodeB NodeB choose modulation and block size,
data rate primarily based on CQI
High data rate
Low data rate
AMC may improve air interface bandwidth, and fit for high speed radio transmission.
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Page 49
HSDPA Key Techniques - HARQ
Conventional ARQ
–Received Transmitted blocks are decoded
–Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks
–If errors
•discard the error bolcks
•Request the trasmitter for retransmission
Conventional ARQ
–Received Transmitted blocks are decoded
–Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks
–If errors
•discard the error bolcks
•Request the trasmitter for retransmission
Hybrid ARQ
–Received Transmitted blocks are decoded
–Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks
–If errors
•Store the erroneous block without discarding
•Request the trasmitter for retransmission
•Combine the received re-trasmission with previously received trasnmisison
Hybrid ARQ
–Received Transmitted blocks are decoded
–Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks
–If errors
•Store the erroneous block without discarding
•Request the trasmitter for retransmission
•Combine the received re-trasmission with previously received trasnmisison
HARQ with Soft Combining
Node-BNode-B
UEUE Packet 1?Packet 1? NN
Packet 1Packet 1 Packet 1Packet 1
Packet 1Packet 1
Packet 1?Packet 1?
+AA
Packet 2Packet 2
Transmitter
Receiver
HARQ may decrease the time of re-transmission, improve the cell throughput.
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Page 50
HSDPA Key Techniques - Fast scheduling
Scheduler based on
CDM, TDM
Channel condition
Amount of data waiting in the queue
(delay)
Fairness (satisfied users)
Scheduler based on
CDM, TDM
Channel condition
Amount of data waiting in the queue
(delay)
Fairness (satisfied users)
Scheduling Algorithms
RR (Round Robin)
MAXC/I (Maximum C/I)
PF (Proportional Fair)
Scheduling Algorithms
RR (Round Robin)
MAXC/I (Maximum C/I)
PF (Proportional Fair)
Who is the next lucky Data?
Who is the next lucky Data?
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Page 51
HSDPA Key Techniques – CDM and TDM
Channelization codes allocatedfor HS-DSCH transmission
8 codes (example)SF=16
SF=8
SF=4
SF=2
SF=1
TTI
User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4
Shared channelization
codes
10 ms20 ms40 ms80 ms
Earlier releases
2 msRel 5 (HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH)
“sub-frames” (2560 chips/slot, 3Slots)
SF16
2ms
CDM/TDM
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HSDPA Key Techniques – 16QAM
HSDPA Modulation
QPSK
16QAM
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Page 53
HSDPA Architecture-HSDPA Basic Flow
Node B RNCUE
5) ACK/NACK on HS-DPCCH
6)Data packet+retransmit(if need) On HS-DSCH
Data Packet
2) Schedule and determine HS-DSCH parameter
3) Send HS-DSCH Parameter on HS-SCCH and Data on HS-DSCH
4) Check HS-DSCH parameter, If Ok, Receive, Store data and demodulate
1) CQI on HS-DPCCH
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Page 54
UE HSDPA Capability
HS-DSCH
Category
Max number of HS-PDSCH
codes (SF16) received
Minimum inter TTI
interval
Modulation Max peak rate
Category 1 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2Mbps
Category 2 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2Mbps
Category 3 5 2 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.8Mbps
Category 4 5 2 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.8Mbps
Category 5 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6Mbps
Category 6 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6Mbps
Category 7 10 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 7.3Mbps
Category 8 10 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 7.3Mbps
Category 9 15 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 10.2Mbps
Category 10 15 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 14.4Mbps
Category 11 5 2 QPSK 900Kbps
Category 12 5 1 QPSK 1.8Mbps
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Page 55
HSDPA power allocation proposal
HSDPA initial network
One carrier ---- R4+HSDPA: HS - SCCH fixed power allocation
HS-PDSCH dynamic power allocation
HSDPA middle and final network
Two carrier ---- R4+HSDPA: DPCH/HSDPA/CCH dynamic power
allocation
DPCHs high priority
Keep a margin for system stability
Flexible scheme
Power for CCH
Time
Power for DPCH
Power for HSDPA
Total Power
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Page 56
SF=256 SF=128 ┏━●C(256,0): PCPICH ┏ 0 ┫ SF=64 ┃ ┗━● C(256,1): PCCPCH ┏ 0 ┫ ┃ ┃ ┏━● C(256,2): AICH ┃ ┗ 1 ┫ SF=32 ┃ ┗━● C(256,3): PICH ┏ 0 ┫ SF=16 ┃ ┗ ● C(64,1):SCCPCH 1 ┏ 0 ┫ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┏ ● C(64,2):SCCPCH 2 ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┗ 1 ┫ SF=8 ┃ ┃ ┏━● C(128,6):HS-SCCH 1 ┏ 0 ┫ ┗ 3 ┫ SF=4 ┃ ┗━○ 1 ┃ ┏ 0 ┫ ┗━●C(128,7):HS-SCCH 2 ┃ ┗ ○ 1 ┃ ┗━○ 1
┏━○ 2 ┃ ┏ ○6 ●CCH ┃ ┃ SF=16 ●HSDPA ┃ ┃ ┏ ●C(16,14):HS-PDSCH 2 ○DCH ┗━ 3 ┫ ┃ ┗ 7 ┫ ┗ ●C(16,15):HS-PDSCH 1
HSDPA code allocation proposal
HSDPA initial network : Static code allocation and
manual re-allocation on OM
Follow a terminal capability
HSDPA middle and final
network: Completely dynamic code
allocation
DPCHCCH
SF=16SF=8
SF=4
HSDPA
Code reservation example
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HSDPA scheduling strategyHSDPA initial network , proposal:
Round Robin scheduling
Try to satisfy each subscriber’s QOS based on the fairness principle. Be fit for the scenario without the consideration of subscriber’s priority
HSDPA network on one carrier or the charging based on volume, proposal:
Max C/I scheduling
Aim at the obtaining the maximal throughput and
some fairness.
The operator with difference service on HSDPA network ,proposal:
Proportional fair (PF ) scheduling The PF scheme offers a good trade-off between RR and maximum C/I. The PF schedules users according to the ratio between their CQI, data rate and other.
RR principle
MAX C/I scheduling principle
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Content
General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
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Page 59
HSUPA Key Techniques - Overview
Fast Scheduling
HARQ ( Hybrid ARQ)New Channels
Increase of data rate Decrease of delayIncrease of data rate Decrease of delay
E-DPDCHE-DPCCH
E-AGCHE-RGCH
E-HICH
Uplink
Downlink
E-DPDCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPCCHMulti Code
MAC-D
MAC-es
MAC-e
PHY
RNC
NodeB
2ms
2ms 2ms2ms 2ms
New MAC entity
Shorter TTI 2ms
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Increase of data rate
New channels
HSUPA Peak Data Rate: 5.76MHSUPA Peak Data Rate: 5.76M
E-DPDCHE-DPCCH
E-AGCHE-RGCH
E-HICH
Uplink
Downlink
E-DPDCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
Multi Code
New Channels
•Dedicated Channel: E-DCH
•Common Channel: E-AGCH, E-RGCH, E-HICH
Multi Code
•2SF4, 2SF2, 2SF2+2SF4
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Decrease of delay
Fast Scheduling HARQ ( Hybrid ARQ)
20%~50% Delay decrease20%~50% Delay decrease
New MAC entity
•MAC-e in NodeB, MAC-es in RNC
Fast Scheduling
HARQ
Short TTI 2ms
MAC-D
MAC-es
MAC-e
PHY
RNC
NodeB
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Fast Scheduling
Iub
RNC
2ms
2ms
2ms
……
NodeBMAC-
e inside
MAC-e
inside
MAC-e Entity: Allocate and schedule
radio resources Process UE resources
request MAC-e PDU De-Multiplex HARQ
MAC-e Entity: Allocate and schedule
radio resources Process UE resources
request MAC-e PDU De-Multiplex HARQ
R99 load in uplink
load
time
50%
HSUPA load
load
time
50%
100% 100%
75%Improving load +25%
Interferenc
e
Capacity
MAC-e in NodeBMAC-e in NodeB
Fast Schedule 10ms TTI --> 2ms TTI
10ms TTI --> 2ms TTI
Scheduling AlgorithmScheduling Algorithm
Decrease the air interface interference Decrease system load jitter, improve UL
capacity Decrease the roundtrip time between
RAN and UE
Decrease the air interface interference Decrease system load jitter, improve UL
capacity Decrease the roundtrip time between
RAN and UE
Benefit:
Capacity increased
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New Channel Type and Multi-code
New channels
HSUPA peak rate: 3.84M * (2*SF2+2*SF4) = 3.84M*1.5 = 5.76MbpsHSUPA peak rate: 3.84M * (2*SF2+2*SF4) = 3.84M*1.5 = 5.76Mbps
E-DPDCHE-DPCCH
E-AGCHE-RGCH
E-HICH
Uplink
Downlink
E-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
Multi Code: 2*SF4, 2*SF2, 2*SF2+2*SF4
New channel:Uplink:
•E-DPDCH: Dedicated channel , transfer user data
•E-DPCCH: Dedicated channel, transfer physical layer controlling
information
Downlink: •E-AGCH: Common channel, transfer information of Absolute granted
power
•E-RGCH: Dedicated channel, transfer information of Relative granted
power
•E-HICH: Dedicated channel, transfer ACK/NACK information
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HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat & ReQuest)
Traditional ARQ:– Decode the received transfer-block
– Check CRC of the block after decode
– If error: • Discard the error block
• Request re-transfer
Traditional ARQ:– Decode the received transfer-block
– Check CRC of the block after decode
– If error: • Discard the error block
• Request re-transfer
Hybrid ARQ:–Decode the received transfer-block
–Check the CRC of the block after decode
–If error:
• Save the error block (no discard )• Request for re-transfer
• Soft-combine the new block and old one
Hybrid ARQ:–Decode the received transfer-block
–Check the CRC of the block after decode
–If error:
• Save the error block (no discard )• Request for re-transfer
• Soft-combine the new block and old one
Hu-w-i
H-a-eiHuawei
HARQ: More useful information , Higher efficiency
Case:
Soft combining
Block1
UETransmitter
NodeBReceiver
Block1’ NACK
Block1
Block1’
Block1’
+ACK
Block2
…
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End to end delay comparison
Round trip time of 32-Byte packet
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
R99(DL 20ms TTI
+ UL 20ms TTI)
HSDPA+UL R99(DL 2ms TTI
+ UL 20ms TTI)
HSDPA+HSUPA(DL 2ms TTI
+ UL 2ms TTI)
I nternet I u Core+ RNC I UB NodeB AI UE
~150 ms
~150 ms
~100 ms
~100 ms
~80 ms~80 ms
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Performance Simulation
Cell throughput increase 40~70%
02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 0
1 0 0 01 2 0 01 4 0 01 6 0 0
0 2 4 6 8 1 0d B
kbps
DCH
2 msT T I
1 0 msT T I
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1 1. 2 1. 4di stance(km)
UL T
hrou
ghpu
t(kb
ps)
DCHE- DCHE- DCH(2ms)
Equivalent Coverage performance
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Page 67
Content
General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
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Page 68
HSPA+, the enhancement of HSPA
Peak data rate comparision
14. 4
5. 76
42
11
0
10
20
30
40
50
DL UL
Mbps
HSPA
HSPA+
VoIP capacity improvement
6898
190
0
50
100
150
200
R99 CS HSPA HSPA+
HSPA+ can improve DL peak date rate up to 42M, compared with
HSDPA 14.4M
HSPA+ can improve UL peak date rate up to 11M, compared with
HSUPA 5.76M
HSPA+ can support up to approximately 190 VoIP over HSPA users
HSPA+ can reduce E2E latency and user state transition, compared
with HSPA
HSPA+ can provide “Always on line” user experience
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HSPA+, the nature evolution way of HSPA
3GPP R5
HSDPA14.4M
16QAMHARQFast
schedulingHS-PDSCH
2ms TTIMAC-hs
3GPP R6
HSUPA5.76M
QPSKHARQFast
schedulingE-DPCCH2ms TTI
MAC-e/es
3GPP R7
HSPA+DL: 21M, 64QAM
DL: 28M, MIMOUL: 11M, 16QAM
CPCEnhanced
CELL_FACHEnhanced Layer2
3GPP R8
HSPA+
DL: 42M, 64QAM+MIMO
UL Enhanced CELL_FACH
UL Enhanced Layer2
Both HSPA and HSPA+ are defined in 3GPP
HSPA+ backward compatible with HSPA
All HSPA terminals can still be used in HSPA+
network
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HSPA+ key technologies for higher data rate
Data stream 1
Data stream 2
Peak data rate: 1.5 times than HSDPA
DL:64QAM
UL:16QAM
Peak data rate: 2 times than HSUPA
Peak data rate: Double
DL: 2*2MIMO
320bit 640bitFixed RLC PDU size
Flexible RLC PDU size
L2 Enhancement
L2 is not a bottleneck any more
HOM (Higher Order Modulation) used in both DL and UL
MIMO can be used separately or combined with 64QAM in
DL
Great benefits in the case of good channel condition
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HSPA+ key technologies for larger capacity
DTCH/DCCH/CCCH/BCCH is mapped onto HS-DSCH instead of FACH channel
Increase the available peak rate for UE in CELL_FACH state by using HSDPA
HS_DSCH
HS_SSCH
HS_SSCH Less Operation
First transmission Retransmission
NodeB DRX
UE DTX
…… ……
…… ……
CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)Pilot TFCI FBI TPC
Pilot TPC
DPCCH
New DPCCH
DTCH
DCCH
CCCH
BCCH
PCCH PCH
FACH
HS-DSCH
Enhanced CELL_FACH
Reduce Uplink interference to improve uplink capacity
Reduce downlink transmission power to improve downlink capacity
CELL_FACH Enhanced CELL_FACH
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HSPA+ key technologies for better user experience
Enhanced CELL_FACH
Reduce the latency of user and control plane in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH state by higher data peak rate
Reduce state transition delay from CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH state to CELL_DCH state
Reduce call setup delay and HTTP response time
CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)
DTX_DRX save power consumption of terminal so that more users can stay in CELL_DCH state and spend less time in reactivation with no need of state transfer.
L2 Enhancement
With flexible RLC PDU size, small size will be configured in poor coverage area in order to be sent successfully.
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Page 73
Content
General Introduction of WCDMA
WCDMA Key Techs
HSDPA Introduction
HSUPA Introduction
HSPA+ Introduction
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