2015 vaccines administrated in special epidemiological situation

2015

VACCINES ADMINISTRATED

IN SPECIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL

SITUATION

HEPATITIS A VACCINE

Avaxim – Sanofi Pasteur

Havrix – GlaxoSmithKline

Twinrix - GlaxoSmithKline

1. people at increased risk of developing the disease or people at high risk of developing severe forms of disease :

- medical laboratory staff who work with HAV strains- medical staff from department of Paediatrics or Gastroenterology - patients with chronic liver diseases- persons with haemophilia- homosexuals - injecting drug users

INDICATIONS

2. people living in endemic areas – systematic immunization of certain age groups

3. non-immunized persons traveling to endemic areas

4. staff from food supply sectors

5. people in disaster areas (floods, earthquakes, wars)

6. sanitation staff

INDICATIONS

- acute febrile illness

- anaphylaxis following any component of the vaccine

- immunosuppressed (→ HIV-positive persons require additional doses)

- pregnant woman

CONTRAINDICATIONS

• LOCAL: pain, redness, swelling

• GENERAL: fever, asthenia, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite → lasting less than 24 hours

• discrete elevations of serum transaminases – sometimes

SIDE EFFECTS

(ADVERSE EVENTS)

TETANUS VACCINETETANUS VACCINE

Infanrix hexa = DTPa-hepB-IPV-Hib - GlaxoSmithKline

Infanrix -IPV= DTPa-IPV – GlaxoSmithKlineInfanrix Penta = DTPa-hepB-IPV – GlaxoSmithKline

Adacel – Sanofi Pasteur = dTpaAdacel Polio – Sanofi Pasteur = dTpa-IPV

1. During pregnancy

- primiparous - at to 7 and a half months of pregnancy receive 1 dose of ATPA (0.5 ml) i.m.

- revaccination for the following pregnancies- only if it is more than 10 years after the last administration- unvaccinated pregnant women, incompletely vaccinated or with uncertain vaccination history – 2 doses ATPA i.m. at one month interval

INDICATIONS

INDICATIONS

2. Emergency situation - Tetanus-prone wounds:2. Emergency situation - Tetanus-prone wounds:- animal bites, deep enough to create anaerobic conditions- wounds produced by splinters, thorns, nails, cow's horn - wounds containing foreign bodies (especially wood splinters)- deep penetrating wounds- wounds complicated by pyogenic infections- wounds with extensive tissue damage (eg. contusions orburns)- any superficial wound obviously contaminated with soil, dust or horse manure- empirical abortion, birth in unhygienic conditions- open fractures

SIDE EFFECTS(ADVERSE EVENTS)

LOCAL: pain, redness, swelling

GENERAL: headache, malaise, fever, vomiting - rare

Brachial neuritis - rare

INFLUENZA VACCINEINFLUENZA VACCINE

• any person over 6 months age• adults over 65 years age• children (especially premature, dystrophic, with

malformations)• pregnant women after the first trimester of

pregnancy• asthma• diabetes mellitus and other chronic metabolic

diseases

INDICATIONS

• chronic respiratory conditions• cardiac disease, chronic renal failure• haemoglobinopathies• cancer• people with impaired immunity, including HIV

infection• residents of nursing homes and other long-term care

facilities• staff of nursing homes and of long-term care facilities

INDICATIONS

• healthcare providers (particularly of patients with impaired immunity)

• household contacts (including children ≥6 months of age) of individuals in high-risk groups

• long-term aspirin therapy in children (aged 6 months to 18 years) - such children are at increased risk of Reye syndrome after influenza

• large tourist groups, especially those including elderly people and those travelling on cruises

INDICATIONS

• acute febrile illness• allergic reactions to egg proteins• allergic reaction to any component of the

vaccine (gentamicin or other aminoglycosides, other components)

• individuals who had a history of Guillain – Barré syndrome

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Dose• adults and children over 36 months ~ 1 dose of 0.5

ml• children aged 6-36 months ~ 1 dose of 0.25 ml• children who had no history of infections or have not

been vaccinated against influenza → the second dose after 4-6 weeks

Presentation: suspension for injection, colorless to slightly opalescent appearance; 1 dose pre-filled syringe

Administration: i.m. / s.c. (in patients with thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorders )

• local: erythema, induration, pain, ecchymosis

• general: fever, chills, myalgia, malaise → generally disappear within 1-2 days

• Rare: neuralgia, paraesthesia, transient thrombocytopenia, allergic reactions to shock, vasculitis, neurological disorders

SIDE EFFECTS

ADVERSE EVENTS

RABIES VACCINERABIES VACCINE

INDICAINDICATIONSTIONS• persons bitten by rabid animal or suspected of

rabies• people bitten by unknown animal or disappeared• people with injuries in the last 24 hours and have

come in contact with rabid animals saliva• start vaccination for people bitten severely in the

cephalic extremity or upper limbs, by alive animals, kept under observation

• → vaccination is stopped if the animal lives 5th day after the accident or suspicion of rabies is denied by the virological diagnosis

INDICAINDICATIONSTIONS

• not indicate rabies vaccination for persons bitten through warm clothing, without open lesions, or for those superficial bitten by healthy animals

• for bites or scratches on hand, head, neck or genitals; deep bites on legs or trunk, produced by ill or suspect wild animals - mixed scheme is recommended: administration of immune serum followed by the administration of rabies vaccine

CONTRAINDICACONTRAINDICATIONSTIONS

• will be set according to specific circumstances

• are envisaged fever, allergic manifestations and severity status of the person bitten ~ situation is judged in each case

• because of the seriousness of rabies, there are no contraindications to postexposure administration of rabies vaccine

SIDE EFFECTS(ADVERSE EVENTS)

• erythema and induration at the injection site

• fever

• neurological reactions

• allergies to streptomycin and / or neomycin

HPVHPV VACCINE VACCINE

Products:

- CERVARIX (16, 18)

- GARDASIL (6, 11, 16, 18)

HPV vaccines have been developed using recombinant DNA technology based on virus-like particles (VLPs)

Indications: women 10-25 years

Administration: i.m.

Dose: 3 doses of 0.5 ml- the bivalent vaccine (CERVARIX) - contains VLPs of

HPV genotypes 16 and 18 - 0, 1 and 6 months- the quadrivalent vaccine (GARDASIL) - contains

VLPs of HPV genotypes 16, 18, 6 and 11 - 0, 2 and 6 months

.

• Leptospirosis vaccine

• Chickenpox vaccine, typhoid vaccine, bacillary dysentery vaccine, yellow fever vaccine (Stamaril), meningococcal vaccine