20th century lit.review
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20th Century Review
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SUMMARY Modernism
emphasis on materials or expressioninstead of illusion
a notion of progress & evolutionpoet Ezra Pound: Make it new."results in lots of isms
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TRENDS
ABSTRACTION
FLATTENING OF PICTORIAL SPACE
PRIMITIVISM
EXPRESSIONISM
CUBISM
SURREALISM
KANDINSKY
PICASSO
PICASSO
NOLDE
DUCHAMP
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definition
Abstract art art which is either completely
non-representational, or which converts formsobserved in reality into patterns which areread by the spectator primarily as
independent relationships, rather than withreference to the original source.Thames & Hudson Dictionary of Art Terms
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KANDINSKY
textbook example
p. 396
Improvisation 28 (second version) 1912Oil on canvas, 43 7/8 x 63 7/8 inches
ABSTRACTION
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Picasso
Les
Demoiselle
dAvignon
1907
CUBISM
PRIMITIVISM
p. 389
REMEMBER THE
TITLE IN FRENCH
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Nolde,Dance Around the Golden Calf, 1910
P
RIMITI
VIS
M
p. 396
EXP
RESS
IONISM
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Duchamp,
La Boite en
Valide
(L.H.O.O.Q.),
1919
DADA
appropriation
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Gropius Bauhaus
1926
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Mies van der Rohe
Seagram Building 1957
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listening example - DEBUSSY
Prelude to the Aft ernoon o f a Faun
(Prelude a l 'apres-m idi d 'un faune)(1894)-- exoticism, mythical pastoral
-- ambiguous (vague?) harmony
-- very little, if any, recognizable conventional ortraditional form
-- very well received at its premiere by the public; it
baffled the musical establishment
-- emphasis on sonority (timbre & colorful harmony)
-- called Impressionist, although Debussy hated the
term
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Stravinsky
The Rite of Spring (Le
Sacre du p r intemps)
(1913; for very largeorchestra)
-- a ballet with a story line
written in part by an
anthropologist
-- interested in primitive or
exotic materials; what is
behind the mask of
civilization?
TEXTBOOK CD
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Stravinsky
The Rite of Spring
-- radically new: non-tonal,
harsh unresolved
dissonance, percussive,
brilliant orchestral effects,
extreme ranges,
rhythmically and metrically
very irregular and quiteinnovative
-- a riot (somewhat staged)
at its premiere; much
publicity ensues
TEXTBOOK CD
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Schoenberg
Listening example:
Etwas Rasch
(somewhat fast) fromSix Little Piano
Pieces, Op. 19 (1911)
TEXTBOOK CD
Blue self-portrait, 1910
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TRENDS
DISSONANCE LIBERATED
PRIMITIVISM MORE GENERALLY:
FOLK MUSIC, AN ALTERNATIVE TO
STANDARD PATTERNS & FORMULAS
CHAOTIC SURFACES, CONSISTENT INNER
WORKINGS
EXPRESSIONISMCHAOS v. ORDER
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SUMMARY after WW2
MODERNISM CONTINUES PROGRESS &MATERIALS; EACH WORK OF ART DICTATES ITS
OWN TERMS [POLLOCK, abstract expressionism]CONCEPTUAL ART ULTIMATE CHALLENGE TO THEVERY IDEA OF ART, THE ULTIMATE CONCLUSION OFMODERNISM? [SMITHSON Spiral Jetty]
POST-MODERNISM QUESTION NARRATIVE![CHICAGO The Dinner Party]
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Jackson Pollock, Lavendar Mist No. 1, 1950 comparep. 420
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Robert Smithson
Spiral Jetty, 1970
textbook p. 436
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Frank Gehry
p. 444
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POMO
CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-MODERNISM:
QUOTATION, PASTISHE, COLLAGE
CHALLENGES AUTHORITY OF MASTERNARRATIVE
FOCUSES ON THE CONSTRUCTED-NESS OF
NARRATIVE, AUTHORITY, REALITY(deconstruction is not just analysis)
see p. 431
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Judy Chicago
p. 440
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Gentileschi,
Judith SlayingHolofernes,
1620
FAMOUS FEMALE
ARTIST;
A CARAVAGGISTI
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Hildegard
of Bingen1098-1179
Abbess, scholar,visionary, poet,
musician, healer,
spiritual leader
One of the earliest
named
composers in the
European tradition
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Listening example
by Hildegard of Bingen, c.1150
large intervals large or wide range (large ambitus)
this is chant, but NOT Gregorian chant
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music summary
ORDER & CHAOS
SURFACE CHAOS/INNER ORDER:Rite of Spring; serialism
SURFACE ORDER/INNER ORDER:
minimalism (Reich, Music for 18)
SURFACE CHAOS/INNER CHAOS:
chance methods (John Cage)
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CAGE listening example
John Cage (1912-1992),
Sonata II from Sonatas and
Interludes for PreparedPiano(19 pieces composed
1946-1948)
-- influenced by gamelan
and other non-Western
music
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Formed his own
ensemble to playpieces likeDrummingandMusic for 18 Musicians
STEVE REICH
Preferred the term
process music
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definition
Abstract considered apart fromconcrete existence; the genre of
painting whose intellectual andaffective content depends solely onintrinsic form (Amer Heritage Dict.)
Roots of the term: removed from
(concrete reality); to pull away from
d 9 0
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Mondrian 1940s
p. 394
BROADWAY BOOGIE
WOOGIE, 1942-43
50 X 50 in.
ABSTRACTION
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JOHN ADAMS
LISTENING EXAMPLE
NIXON IN CHINA
an opera about . . . Nixon in China
CD EXAMPLE
The Chairman Dances
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