3 the historical origins of the general-purpose dictionary 3.1 pre-history: the first dictionaries...
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3The Historical Origins of
the General-Purpose Dictionary
3.1 Pre-history: The first dictionaries 制作
者 王 静
Outline
The Ancestors of Our DictionariesThe Incentives for Proto-dictionary
MakingProto-dictionaries in European &No
n-European Societies
Introduction
Ⅰ.The Ancestors of Our Dictionaries
Sumerian lists 苏美尔人 苏美尔人 Dating back to the t
hird millennium BC
Introduction
Ⅱ.‘Oral’ Dictionaries They may exist before the writing system Nowadays some societies that don’t have w
riting system have oral dictionaries
Introduction
Having lists of words, sometimes with definitions; bilingual or monolingual
Taking the form half poetry and half lexicography
The Incentives for Proto-dictionary Making
Ⅰ.The Incentives For instruction of future administrators
(Sumer) For commercial and administrative relations
with other communities (Egypt) For poetry (as for some early dictionaries of
Arabic)
The Incentives for Proto-dictionary Making
For religion (giving explanatory notes of the Gospels)
Arabic — 7B.C. the glosses of the Koran( 古兰经 )
China — 21B.C. the glosses of the Buddhist Scripture
The Incentives for Proto-dictionary Making
Ⅱ.Characteristics of the IncentivesThe need actually came from the
compilers not the public.Dictionaries were not simple linguistic
tools
Proto-dictionaries in European &Non-European Societies
Ⅰ.Non-European societies Monolingual or at most ‘bi-varietal’Ⅱ.European societies Glosses ( 注释 ) ① The ancestors of dictionaries ② Helping monks read important texts (La
tin/Greek)
Dictionaries in European &Non-European Societies
Ⅲ.The ‘true’ Dictionaries Commercial or cultural relations with com
munities using different languages The need of translations Those early bilingual dictionaries The Introductory to Wryte To Pronounce French (1521)
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