3.01nervous system structures...3.01 remember the structures of the nervous system 23 structures of...

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

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Essential Question

� What are the structures of the nervous system?

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

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Introduction: Structures of the nervous system

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Cellular structures of the nervous system

Neuron- a nerve cell

� Extensions of the neuron

� Dendrites - many

� Axon - one

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Cellular structures of the nervous system

Neuron- a nerve cell� Myelin sheath - a

special covering of the axon

� Synapse – the space between neurons

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Structures of the nervous system

� Central nervous system

� Brain

� Spinal cord

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Structures of the nervous system

� Peripheral nervous system

� Nerves

� Cranial nerves

� Spinal nerves

� Sensory receptors

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Structures of the central nervous system:

BRAIN

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN

� Cerebrum� Divided into two

hemispheres (right and left)

� Frontal lobe

� Occipital lobe

� Parietal lobe

� Temporal lobe

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN� Diencephalon

�Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain

�Structures� Thalamus

� Hypothalamus

� Pineal body

� Pituitary gland

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN

� Diencephalon� Thalamus – spherical mass of gray

matter; deep in the cerebral hemispheres

� Hypothalamus – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic system

� Pineal body – endocrine system gland

� Pituitary gland – endocrine system gland

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN� Limbic system

� Located in the center of the brain

� Encircles the top of the brain stem.

� Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN

� Cerebellum

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN

Brain stem� Midbrain

� Pons

� Medulla oblongata

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN

� Meninges� Dura mater

� Outermost layer

� Arachnoid

� Middle layer

� Pia mater

� Innermost layer

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN

� Ventricles - lined cavities deep within the brain

� filled with cerebrospinal fluid

�Choroid plexus – rich network of blood vessels

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Structures of the Central NS: Spinal Cord

� Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid

� Nerve = bundles of nerve fibers enclosed by connective tissue.

� Sensory (afferent)-carry impulse from sensory organ to the brain/spinal cord

� Motor (efferent)-carry impulse from brain/spinal cord to muscles or glands

� Mixed nerve contains both fibers.

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Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord� Peripheral

nervous system� 12 cranial nerves

� 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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Structures of the central nervous system

� I. Olfactory--Smell� II. Optic --Vision� III. Oculomotor—Movement of eye muscle� IV. Trochlear—Movement of eye muscle� V. Trigeminal—Chewing (face/teeth muscle)� VI. Abducens—Movement of eye muscle� VII. Facial—Facial Expressions, taste� VIII. Vestibulocochlear--Hearing and Balance� IX. Glossopharyngeal—Movement of throat, taste� X. Vagus—Movement of throat affects heart, digestive� XI. Accessory—Movement of neck� XII. Hypoglossal—Movement of tongue

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Structures of the central nervous system

� Peripheral nervous system� 31 pairs of spinal

nerves

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Structures of the central nervous system

� Peripheral nervous system� 12 cranial nerves

� 31 pairs of nervous

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Structures of the central nervous system

� Motor system� Autonomic nervous system

� Sympathetic nervous system-may accelerate heart rate in response to fear

� Parasympathetic nervous system-may slow heart rate

� Both are strongly influenced by emotion and work together to balance responses .

� Somatic nervous system

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Structures of the central nervous system Autonomic nervous system

� Sympathetic nervous system� Extends from the base

of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column

� These nerves connect to all internal organs

� Parasympathetic nervous system� The vagus nerve

connects the medulla with organs of the upper body

� The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body

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Structures of the central nervous system Somatic nervous system

� These nerves are located along the spinal cord.

� Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.

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Structures of the central nervous system

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Structures of the nervous system

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Essential question

� What are the structures of the nervous system?