3d printing change this title. what is 3d printing? another name for rapid prototyping or rp for...
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3D Printing
Change this title
What is 3D Printing?
• Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short
What is 3D Printing?
• Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short• Describes a class of processes by which a CAD (virtual)
model is transformed into a real (physical) model or object using computer controlled fabrication machines (images)
What is 3D Printing?
• Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short• Describes a class of processes by which a CAD (virtual)
model is transformed into a real (physical) model or object using computer controlled fabrication machines (images)
• All RP processes use an additive fabrication approach
What is 3D Printing?
• Another name for Rapid Prototyping or RP for short• Describes a class of processes by which a CAD (virtual)
model is transformed into a real (physical) model or object using computer controlled fabrication machines (images)
• All RP processes use an additive fabrication approach• What’s additive fabrication?
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:– Starts with nothing…
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:– Starts with nothing…– Builds the model up by adding material or components
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:– Starts with nothing…– Builds the model up by adding material or components– Material is added by depositing, gluing, fastening…
Additive fabrication
• An additive process:– Starts with nothing…– Builds the model up by adding material or components– Material is added by depositing, gluing, fastening…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a structure out of bricks
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
• Prototyping can also done subtractively
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
• Prototyping can also done subtractively• Usually this is done with CNC milling
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
• Prototyping can also done subtractively• Usually this is done with CNC milling• Mostly we would call this just Prototyping and not Rapid
Prototyping
Subtractive fabrication
• A subtractive process:– Starts with a block of material bigger than the final object– Removes the material not needed in the design– Material is removed by cutting, stamping, burning, chemical
etching…
• Typical architectural scale example:– Building a Swiss military base inside a mountain…
• Prototyping can also done subtractively• Usually this is done with CNC milling• Mostly we would call this just Prototyping and not Rapid
Prototyping• Will not be covered here
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
• Deformation uses heat and/or pressure and often some kind of form
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
• Deformation uses heat and/or pressure and often some kind of form
• Examples: vacuum forming, sheet metal embossing, folding
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
• Deformation uses heat and/or pressure and often some kind of form
• Examples: vacuum forming, sheet metal embossing, folding• Typical architectural scale example:
– check out the original aluminum EPFL siding panels
What Else?
• There is also a 3rd process – Deformation…– Material is neither added nor removed, the part just changes
shape
• Deformation uses heat and/or pressure and often some kind of form
• Examples: vacuum forming, sheet metal embossing, folding• Typical architectural scale example:
– check out the original aluminum EPFL siding panels
• Will not be covered here
Putting it all together…
• It’s rare when something is built exclusively with one process
Putting it all together…
• It’s rare when something is built exclusively with one process
• Most things are made using a combination of these 3 processes
Putting it all together…
• It’s rare when something is built exclusively with one process
• Most things are made using a combination of these 3 processes
• …but that’s another story.
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
– The mathematics are actually much simpler than something truly 3D(like 3D surface CNC milling) – it’s just a series of flat slices (curves)
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
– The mathematics are actually much simpler than something truly 3D(like 3D surface CNC milling) – it’s just a series of flat slices (curves)
• Various processes have different ways of building up the material
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
– The mathematics are actually much simpler than something truly 3D(like 3D surface CNC milling) – it’s just a series of flat slices (curves)
• Various processes have different ways of building up the material
• The resolution, precision, object size also vary according to process
Back to RP/additive fabrication…
• All RP processes use layered model construction– Like a topographic map
• Thus it’s not really 3D in a true sense…• It’s more like a serial 2D process
– The mathematics are actually much simpler than something truly 3D(like 3D surface CNC milling) – it’s just a series of flat slices (curves)
• Various processes have different ways of building up the material
• The resolution, precision, object size also vary according to process
• As do the mechanical characteristics and possible materials
A few of the more common processes…
A few of the more common processes…• Stereolithography (SLA)
– A laser beam hardens layers in a bath of liquid resin
• Materials: Various plastics• Characteristics: Highest precision, transparent possible• Machine cost: Very expensive Part cost: High
A few of the more common processes…• Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
– Heats (softens) and extrudes a solid thermoplastic wire
• Materials: Various plastics (ABS, polycarbonate)• Characteristics: Low precision, strong parts, long print times• Machine cost: Moderate (size dependent) Part cost: Medium
A few of the more common processes…• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
– A laser beam fuses particles (powder) together to form solid layer
• Materials: Plastics, metals, composites• Characteristics: Medium to high precision• Machine cost: Very expensive Part cost: High
A few of the more common processes…• Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
– Laminates layers of sheet material and cuts them out (plastic, paper)
• Materials: Plastic (PVC), paper (no longer made)• Characteristics: Relatively low precision, semi-transparent parts• Machine cost: Very inexpensive (Solido) Part cost: Medium
A few of the more common processes…• Polymer Inkjet printing (PolyJet)
– Prints a thick ink that hardens with UV light (plastic, rubber)
• Materials: Plastics, elastomer• Characteristics: High precision, semi-transparent parts, multi-
material possible• Machine cost: Expensive Part cost: Medium
A few of the more common processes…• 3D Printing – inkjet binder – (Z Corp)
– Inkjet prints a glue (binder) onto a powder to solidify layer
• Materials: Plaster, starch, ceramic• Characteristics: Med-low precision, somewhat fragile parts, fast
print• Machine cost: Moderate Part cost: Low
A few of the more common processes…• Wax printers – (Solidscape, Thermojet)
– Melts and deposits fine wax droplets to make layers
• Materials: Wax metal (lost wax castings for jewelry, medical, etc.)
• Characteristics: High to very high precision• Machine cost: High to moderate Part cost: Medium
And, for a change of scale…
Back to our small scale… at the EPFL…
What do we need to start…?
What do we need to start…?
• A 3D Computer (CAD) model in most any form…
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like– As long as it’s Rhino…
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size• Make an appointment to see Mitch for advice
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size• Make an appointment to see Mitch for advice• Advise us as far in advance as possible if you want to print
something
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size• Make an appointment to see Mitch for advice• Advise us as far in advance as possible if you want to print
something• If modeling in Rhino, bring file in Rhino (.3dm) format
Computer model requirements
• Model in whatever software you like
• Model MUST be one or more CLOSED volumes• Model must be in MM at model size• Make an appointment to see Mitch for advice• Advise us as far in advance as possible if you want to print
something• If modeling in Rhino, bring file in Rhino (.3dm) format• If modeling in other software, bring model in .stl format
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