4. modals, indefinite pronouns, inclusive language, verb analysis

Grammar for InteractionsIECPNikki Mattson, Fall 2015

Groups (same as this morning)

• 1. Hassan, Xun, Hussain• 2. Bora, Faisal, Hameed• 3. MJ, Ahmad, Juan, Abdulla • 4. Hamad, Mohammed, Abdullah,

Abdulaziz

Agenda

• Modal verbs• Indefinite pronouns• Inclusive language• Verb tense analysis

Grammar- Talking about Rules and Expectations

• What types of language can we use to express rules?– Must/ must not– Are required to /are not required to– Have to/ don’t have to– Can/cannot– Are permitted to/Aren’t permitted– Are allowed to/Aren’t allowed to– Are forbidden to

Grammar- Talking about Rules and Expectations

• What types of language can we use to express expectations?– Are supposed to/are not supposed to– Are expected to/ are not expected to

Grammar- Talking about Rules and Expectations, pg. 8

What do you know about modal verbs?

Practice

• Complete the following chart about rules and expectations in your notebook, and then share your sentences with your group.

In my country… In my country…Boys are forbidden to… Girls cannot…

Boys are expected to… Girls are supposed to…

Men must… Women are expected to…

Men are supposed to… Women have to…

Boys aren’t supposed to.. Girls aren’t permitted to…

Men don’t have to… Women must not…

Grammar – Indefinite Pronouns

What are these?A pronoun that refers to a non-specific being, object or place.

Pg. 9

Handout

Singular? Plural? Both?  pronoun meaning example

singular

another an additional or different person or thing

That ice-cream was good. Can I have another?

anybody/ anyone no matter what person Can anyone answer this question?

anything no matter what thing The doctor needs to know if you have eaten anything in the last two hours.

each every one of two or more people or things, seen separately

Each has his own thoughts.

either one or the other of two people or things

Do you want tea or coffee? / I don't mind. Either is good for me.

enough as much or as many as needed Enough is enough.

everybody/ everyone all people We can start the meeting because everybody has arrived.

everything all things They have no house or possessions. They lost everything in the earthquake.

less a smaller amount "Less is more"

little a small amount Little is known about his early life.

much a large amount Much has happened since we met.

neither not one and not the other of two people or things

I keep telling Jack and Jill but neither believes me.

nobody/ no-one no person I phoned many times but nobody answered.

plural

both two people or things, seen together

John likes coffee but not tea. I think bothare good.

few a small number of people or things

Few have ever disobeyed him and lived.

fewer a reduced number of people or things

Fewer are smoking these days.

many a large number of people or things

Many have come already.

others other people; not us I'm sure that others have tried before us.

several more than two but not many They all complained and several left the meeting.

they people in general (informal) They say that vegetables are good for you.

singular

/

plural

all the whole quantity of something or of some things or people

All is forgiven.All have arrived.

any no matter how much or how many

Is any left?Are any coming?

more a greater quantity of something; a greater number of people or things

There is more over there.More are coming.

most the majority; nearly all Most is lost.Most have refused.

none not any; no person or persons They fixed the water so why is nonecoming out of the tap?I invited five friends but none have come.*

some an unspecified quantity of something; an unspecified number of people or things

Here is some.Some have arrived.

such of the type already mentioned He was a foreigner and he felt that he was treated as such.

Activity

• In groups,

Practice

• Complete pg. 10, A and B

Using Inclusive Language – pg. 19

• What does “inclusive” mean?• What is “inclusive language”?

Examples – pg. 18

What is inclusive language?

…

Inclusive language in legal writing

1) What is the key part of legal writing courses mentioned? 2) What does it entail?

Gender-Neutral Language

• Video

• What do you think about the importance of gender-neutral language?

• Do you think the use of gender-neutral language can shape/influence society?

Practice

• Complete A,B, and C on pgs. 18-19

Verb Tense Analysis

• Read the lecture script. Circle each verb, and discuss the tense and meaning of the tense with your group. Raise your hand if you get stuck and would like some help.

• Questions to ask:• 1) What is this verb tense?• 2) Why was this verb tense used in this

sentence? What does it show?

HW

• none