4.2 the holocaust (1933-1945) -...
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4.6 The Holocaust(1933-1945)
“Some of the people disapproved, but their disapproval was only silence.”
–Kurt Messerschmidt, Jewish Holocaust Survivor
Aryan RaceNazi belief that those with German blood, blonde hair, and blue eyes were part of the master or superior race.
“It would not be impossible to prove with sufficient repetition and a psychological understanding of the people concerned that a square is in fact a circle. They are mere words, and words can be molded until they clothe ideas and disguise.”
Joseph Goebbels
Roles“The world is too dangerous to live in- not because of the people who do evil, but because of the people
who sit and let it happen.”
-Albert Einstein
DO YOU AGREE WITH THIS STATEMEN? WHY OR WHY NOT?
GenocideUnited Nations definition (1948):
“any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, including
• Killing members of the group
• Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
• Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part
• Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
• Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group”
HolocaustFrom the Greek for “sacrifice by fire”
“…the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.” –U.S.
Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C.
“The primary motivation was the Nazis’ anti-Semitic racist ideology.” –VadVashem, Jerusalem, Israel
“Other groups besides the Jews fell victim to Nazi racial policies. Poles, Slavs, Soviet prisoners of war, Roma and Sinti (gypsies), were all murdered in vast
numbers. And Hitler’s political opponents, communists and trade unionists, Jehovah’s Witnesses and homosexuals were also brutally done to death in Nazi
concentration camps.”
–Imperial War Museum, London, UK
Prejudiced Attitudes
•Historical stereotypes (“Christ-killers,” Black Plague, etc.)
•WWI “stab-in-the-back” myth
Stereotypes, Accepting, Scapegoating
Acts of Prejudice
•1933 Nazi boycott of Jewish owned businesses
•Anti-Semitic propaganda
•Book burnings
Name calling, Social avoidance, Social exclusion
Discrimination
• First concentration camp
• Non-Aryans dismissed from jobs
• Jews prohibited from owning land
• Nuremberg Laws: denied citizenship, prohibit marriage between Aryans and non-Aryans
Discrimination based on employment/housing/education, Harassment
Violence
• 1938 Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”): German mobs attack Jewish businesses, homes, and synagogues
• Jews placed in ghettoes
Against people (threats, assault, murder), Against property (arson, desecration)
Genocide
• Einsatzgruppen, special S.S. killing unit, executed 1.5 million Jews.
•Chelmo is the first extermination camp that opens.
Deliberate, systematic extermination of a group of people
• 1942: at the Wannsee Conference, discussion on the “Final Solution” begins
• Extermination camps are created and mass deportations begin
Aftermath1944: Nazis begin deconstructing extermination camps in attempt to conceal their
crimes.
1945: WWII ends and liberation of camps begin
1946: Nuremberg TrialsCaptured Nazi criminals are put on trial for crimes against humanity.
Others are hunted down by Israeli secret agents.
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