#5 infection control
Post on 13-May-2017
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Infection Control
Ratih Widyasari, drg., SpKGConservative DentistryPRODI GIGI FK UNJANI2012
Exposure Risks and Effect of Infection on Denstistry Clinic's Highest Standard of Care Minimize patient's anxiety of treatment Providing a supportive, informal, relaxed and non
threatening operatory environment Assuring and demonstrating to patients that they are well
protected from risks of infecious diseaseuniversal use of:- treatment gloves- masks- protective eyewear- overgarments- plastic barrier to protect equipment- proper use of disinfectants- instrument sterilization
Environment of Dental Operatory
Airborne Contamination(transmitting respiratory infections)AerosolMistsSpatter (splashing of mucosa) ---> potential route of dental infection----> Adequate air circulation
Hand-to-surface Contaminationby gloves ---> to surface of items and areasdo conscientious cleaning and disinfecting- barrier protection of personel anf equipment- instrument sterilization- avoiding direct contact w/ various surface
Environment of Dental Operatory
Cross-infections Patient Vulnerability Personnel Vulnerability
Impact of:- Hepatitis B- HIV/AIDS
Impact of Hepatitis B Transmitted through blood and body-fluid A vaccine has dramatically curtailed HB infection
among dental personnel who have been immunizedImpact of HIV and AIDS Universal Precaution (IC) IC has helped dramatically allay risks and concerns of
personnel in private dental practice
Medical History
Serve the following purposes:(1) to detect any unrecognized illness taht requires medical diagnosis
and care(2) to identify any infection or high risk that may be important to a
clinical person exposed during examination, treatment, or clean-up perocedures
(3) to assist in managing and caring for infected patients(4) to reinforce use of adequate IC procedures, bearing in mind taht
general history taking is not capable of detecting all infectious people
Only conscientious use of universal precautions provides safety
Personal barrier protection Gloves Instruction for hand washing Protective ayewear, mask and hair
protection Protective overgarments Disposal of clinical waste (in drain) Disposal of needle
Overview of Aseptic Technique
The concept of asepsis
During each appointment:- remember, whatever is touched is contaminated- directly touch only what has to be touched (anticipate
ur needs)
To prevent cross-contamination-all items that are touched with saliva coated hands
must be rendered free of contaminationBefore treating the next patient
Use one of the following to control contamination:
a. clean and stelize itb. protect surfaces and equipment that are
not sterilized with dispossible-single use covers
c. use a paper towel or plastic over gloves to briefly handle equipment
d. scrub and disinfect noncritical surface as well as possible
Procedures, materials and devices cleaning instruments before sterilization Procedures for instrument processing Ultrasonic cleaner and solutions Instrument containment
Sterilization
The four accepted methods of sterilization are: Steam pressure sterilization (autoclave)121oC at 15 minutes w/ 15 pounds pressure134oC at 7 minutes w/30 pounds pressure Chemical vapor pressure (chemiclave)131oC at 90 minutes w/ 20 pounds pressure Dry heat sterilization (dryclave)conventional 160oC for 30 minutesShort-cycle high temp 6 minutes to 12 minutes w/higher degrees (375oF) Ethylene oxide sterilizationbelow 100oC ovenightStill do but Not recomended: Boiling water or pressure cooker100oC for 10 minutes
Liquid sterilantsGlutaraldehydes 2-3% 6-10 hours
Summary
Barrier SOPs Sterilization methods Vaccines
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