πχγ6 1-δομηση
Post on 21-Feb-2017
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- - Bohr / , kostasctheos@icloud.com
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
H , , - - (quantum) . : E = hf = hv
= Jouleh = Planck = 6,6310-34 Jsf v = z / , kostasctheos@icloud.com
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
. . , . / , kostasctheos@icloud.com
Rutherford
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
Bohr
Neils Bohr
- : ()/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
Bohr
Neils Bohr
. : - = hv
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
Bohr ( )
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com Bohr ( )
Neils Bohr
... ! ./ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
(De Broglie 1924)
Louis de Broglie
- ( ), , . . :/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
1
( )
(Heisenberg 1927)
, . Heisenberg , Bohr, : ./ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
(x,y,z) (Schrondinger 1927)
H : () , Bohr () , . 0 2 -e2
. . .
n = 1, 2, 3, ..... ( 1 7) - . , , , ( n)/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
3. ( Bohr) , . = 0, 1, 2 n-1 0123 spdf
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
m = - ...0...+ + . x, y, z 2+1 n, , m ./ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
spin ms = -, + - + spin n, , m, ms . (+1/2) (-1/2) / , kostasctheos@icloud.com
s
p
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
d
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
(aufbau) Pauli
Wolfgang Pauli , , spin./ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
()(2 +1) 2(2 +1)0s121p362d5103f714
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
(n) (2n2)1s1222sp132683spd1352610184spdf135726101432
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
. : , . n. , . . , ./ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
. , . , n+ . , n. , . e+. / , kostasctheos@icloud.com
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
Hund.
spin ( ).. ( = 8) : / , kostasctheos@icloud.com
20Ca :1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2 26Fe 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6, 4s2 3d 4s. 3d 4s. 20Ca2+ :1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p61s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6 26Fe2+ / , kostasctheos@icloud.com
3Li1s22s1 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p[He]2s14Be1s22s2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p[He]2s25B1s22s22p1 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p[He]2s22p16C1s22s22p2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p[He]2s22p27N1s22s22p3 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p[He]2s22p38O1s22s22p4 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p[He]2s22p49F1s22s22p5 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p[He]2s22p510Ne1s22s22p6 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1s 2s 2p[He]2s22p6
/ , kostasctheos@icloud.com
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