8. applications

1 Challenge the future 1 Challenge the future

Electronic Power Conversion Power Electronics Applications

2 Power Electronics Applications

Power electronics applications (topologies covered in ET4119)

• Hard switching, PWM controlled

•  PV maximum point tracker/dc-dc converter (boost) • Automotive 42/14V dc-dc converter (buck) • Off-line consumer power supply (flyback) •  PV inverter (full bridge inverter) • HID lamp ballast (boost + stacked buck)

3 Power Electronics Applications

Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV systems

DC AC

AC grid

MPPT

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Voltage [V] Po

wer

[W]

• Maximum power point tracker – high efficiency converter that presents an optimal electrical load to a solar panel or array

4 Power Electronics Applications

PV panel integrated dc-dc converter

• MPPT on converter level • Converter has to be efficient, reliable AND cheap!

DC DC

Low cost flexible PV module

= DC

AC

AC grid

Cost - reduced inverter

DC DC

DC DC

DC DC

DC DC DC bus

System architecture

5 Power Electronics Applications

PV panel integrated dc-dc converter

• Vin 8-17V, Vout 48V, max power 120W, no isolation required • Boost converter •  Small passives required • High frequency switching and interleaved

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PV panel integrated dc-dc converter

• Different devices GaN vs. Si •  Faster, lower losses -> higher switching frequency •  The same topology, double the switching frequency 300kHz vs

600kHz

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Off-line consumer power supply • Universal mains input 85V AC – 277 V AC 50/60 Hz, ~100W •  Isolation required, cost crucial – low component count •  Flyback (boundary condition mode) – 50-100kHz

Rectifier

Flyback

8 Power Electronics Applications

Off-line consumer power supply

Source: natetherobot at Flickr CC-BY-SA

9 Power Electronics Applications

Automotive 42/14V dc-dc converter

•  2kW, 42V/14V converter, no isolation • High temperature (cooled with boiling water), high power density • Buck (bidirectional), 100kHz

•  7kW/l – very high (desktop power supply is 100W/l)

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Grid connected PV inverter •  400Vdc input, 1.5kW, output 230Vac@50Hz •  Single phase full bridge voltage source inverter

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HID lamp ballast

Buck 1 Boost Buck 2

• Boost PFC + 2 buck converters •  150W, 83kHz

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HID lamp ballast

• Keep original specs, topology and control, sw. freq. (83kHz) •  Improve thermal & spatial performance by new components and

packaging method

ignitor Stacked Buck

PFC

EMI

DC bus

14mm

14mm

47mm (total height)

~2.5 size reduction

13 Power Electronics Applications

What have we covered?

• Basic principles of switch-mode power conversion • Basic topologies – non-isolated and isolated (hard switched)

Power circuit EMI filter

Gate drivers Control

Components (Semiconductors and

passives)

Soft switching

Packaging

Thermal management

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You have only just embarked on the journey in the exciting world of power electronics!

ET4003 Power Electromagnetics

ET4384 Design of low-power power supplies

ET4145 Power electronic components

ET4116 Power electronics

MSc project?

ET4119

15 Power Electronics Applications

Image credits

• All uncredited diagrams are from the book “Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design” by N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland and W.P. Robbins.

• All other uncredited images are from research done at the EWI faculty.