83484294 vibration basics 2
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VIBRATION ANALYSIS
BASICS
Presented by : H.S.A
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Topics: Introduction to Vibration Theory
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Topics: Introduction to Vibration TheoryBasic Terminology & Practices
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Topics: Introduction to Vibration TheoryBasic Terminology & Practices
Basic Fault Identification
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Topics: Introduction to Vibration TheoryBasic Terminology & Practices
Basic Fault IdentificationCase History Examples sho! from "T#
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Topics: Introduction to Vibration TheoryBasic Terminology & Practices
Basic Fault IdentificationCase History Examples $ho! from "T#%danced Topics
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Topics: Introduction to Vibration TheoryBasic Terminology & Practices
Basic Fault IdentificationCase History Examples%danced Topics'e(uested Topics )))
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WHAT IS VIBRATION?OTION O! A BO"Y ABO#T A
R$!$R$NC$ POINT
CA#S$" BY AN #N"$SIRABL$
$CHANICAL !ORC$
!or e%&'p(e)
SHA!T VIBRATION
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VIBRATIONSO#RC$
TRANS"#C$R
$L$CTRICALSI*NAL
TI$
WAV$!ORSI*NAL
PROC$SSIN*
SP$CTR#
PROBL$"$T$CTION
A#TOAT$"
"IA*NOSTICS
AN#AL
"IA*NOSTICS
IN!ORATION
N$$"$" !OR
ANALYSIS
It+s ,e(p-( to nderst&nd & (itt(e
&bot t,e si/n&( processin/
step in order to /et t,e 'ostbene-it -ro' t,e An&(y0er
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COLL$CTION O! VIBRATION
$AS#R$$NTS
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Co'p&re Across Points
*+, mils
-+. mils
.+, mils
,+- mils
"irection&( 1ibr&tion on otbo&rd be&rin/
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Si/n&( Processin/ !(o2
!!T
/aeform
$pectrum
Tr&nsdcer
A'p(it.de
A
'p(it.de
Time
!re3ency"&t& Co((ector4An&(y0er
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'otation
Heay $pot
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'otation
Heay $pot
- reolution
Time
%mplitude
0
1
2
Time /aeform
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'otation
Heay $pot
- reolution
Time
%mplitude
0
1
2
Time /aeform
,300 rpm 4 ,300 cycles per minute
30 H5 4 30 cycles per second
- order 4 one times turning speed
,30 degrees
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-000 rpm - reolution
Time
%mplitude
0
1
2
Time /aeform
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-000 rpm - reolution
Time
%mplitude
0
1
2
Time /aeform
6 blades 4 ibration occurs 6 times per reolution
6 x -000 rpm 4 ibration occurs at 6000 cycles per minute
4 6000 cpm
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-. tooth
gear
-000 rpm - reolution
Time
%mplitude
0
1
2
Time /aeform
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-. tooth
gear
-000 rpm - reolution
Time
%mplitude
0
1
2
Time /aeform
-. teeth are meshing eery reolution of the gear
-. x -000 rpm 4 ibration occurs at -.7000 cycles per minute
4 -.7000 cpm 4 .00 H5
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Time0
1
2
Time0
1
Time01
2
2
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Time0
2
1
Time /aeform contains all the different
fre(uencies mixed together
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TI$ WAV$!ORAPLIT#"$ VS TI$
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We &re no2 enterin/ t,e
!re3ency "o'&inFFT 2 Fast Fourier Transform
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We &re no2 enterin/ t,e
!re3ency "o'&inFFT 2 Fast Fourier Transform$eparates indiidual fre(uencies
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We &re no2 enterin/ t,e
!re3ency "o'&inFFT 2 Fast Fourier Transform$eparates indiidual fre(uencies
8etects ho! much ibration at eachfre(uency
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Amplitude
Frequency
Amplitude
Time
Amplitude
Time
Amplitude
Time
Frequency
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Time0
2
Time0
1
Time01
2
2
Time
Fre(uency
Fre(uency
Fre(uency
-x
6x
-.x
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!R$5#$NCY SP$CTR# 6or
!!T7APLIT#"$ VS !R$5#$NCY
0+,
0+3
0+9
-+.
-+*
-+:
-000 .000 ,000 6000Fre(uency
%mplitude
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VIBRATION T$RINOLO*Y APLIT#"$ HOW BA" IS IT?;"ISPLAC$$NT 6OV$$NT7;V$LOCITY 6SP$$"7;
ACC$L$RATION 6!ORC$7
!R$5#$NCY WH$R$ IS IT;H$RT8 6CYCL$S 4 S$CON"7;CP 6CYCL$S 4 IN#T$7;OR"$RS 6#LTIPL$S O! R#N SP$$"7
PHAS$ 6LA*7 TI$ B$TW$$N $V$NTS;"$*R$$S 6ROTATIONAL $AS#R$$NT7
Amplitu
de
Frequency
Spectr'
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W,&t+s &n !'&%)
&nd 2,y does it '&tter?
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W,&t+s &n !'&%)
&nd 2,y does it '&tter?"aximum Fre(uency of the $pectrum
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W,&t+s &n !'&%)
&nd 2,y does it '&tter?"aximum Fre(uency of the $pectrum If you don
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W,&t+s &n !'&%)
&nd 2,y does it '&tter?"aximum Fre(uency of the $pectrum If you don
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W,&t+s t,e di--erence bet2een
Acce(er&tion) Ve(ocity) 9 "isp(&ce'e?
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W,&t+s t,e di--erence bet2een
Acce(er&tion) Ve(ocity) 9 "isp(&ce'e?The fre(uency range of interest
%cceleration
high fre(+#
Velocitygeneral purpose#
8isplacement
lo! fre(#
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And (et+s not -or/et
P,&se An&(ysis
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P,&se Co'p&rison
In P,&se: ;< Ot o- P,&se:o
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P,&se Co'p&rison
In P,&se: ;< Ot o- P,&se:o
% lit d % % lit d %
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In P,&se: ;< Ot o- P,&se:o
Time
%mplitude 2 %
0
1
2
Time
%mplitude 2 %
0
1
2
Time
%mplitude 2 B
0
1
2
Time
%mplitude 2 B
0
1
2
% %B
B
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Time0
1
2
Tach Pulse
Vibration $ignal
Phase "easured
bet!een the t!o
,30 degrees
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'otor >it ? $trobedata collection tips
Ti'e -or & de'onstr&tion:
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Spectr' An&(ysis
0+,
0+3
0+9
-+.
-+*
-+:-x'P" 2 B%=%@CE
.x'P" 2 %=IA@"E@T
,23x'P" 2 =$E@E$$
-000 .000 ,000 6000
Fre(uency
32,0x'P" ,02*0x'P"
AE%'$ & %@TI F'ICTI@ BE%'I@A$
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Vibr&tion Spectr' &nd
P&r&'eter B&nds
Trend o-
B&(&nce
Trend o-Be&rin/s
%larm
A'p(it.de
$ub2Harmonic - . Bearing Bearing Aears Bearing
-x .x *0x
*mm?sec
-mm?secTime
8ays#
Time
8ays#
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S$L$CT$" !R$5#$NCY
BAN" ALARIN*
Trend o-
B&(&nce
Trend o-Be&rin/s
%larm
A'p(it.de
$ub2Harmonic - . Bearing Bearing Aears Bearing
-x .x *0x
*mm?sec
-mm?secTime
8ays#
Time
8ays#
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OV$RALL ALARAR$A 6$N$R*Y7#N"$R TH$ SP$CTR#
; +SHOT*#N+ $THO") NO "IA*NOSTIC IN!ORATION
ALAR L$V$L = RS
OV$RALL VAL#$
B$ARIN* AN" *$AR PROBL$S WILL NOT *IV$ $ARLY
WARNIN* WITH OV$RALL ALARS
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"i&/nosin/ &c,ine !&(ts
Imbalance
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"i&/nosin/ &c,ine !&(ts Imbalance"isalignment
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"i&/nosin/ &c,ine !&(ts Imbalance"isalignment
Aeneral =ooseness or /ear
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"i&/nosin/ &c,ine !&(ts Imbalance"isalignment
Aeneral =ooseness or /earBearing 8efects
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"i&/nosin/ &c,ine !&(ts Imbalance"isalignment
Aeneral =ooseness or /earBearing 8efectsAear 8efects
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"i&/nosin/ &c,ine !&(ts Imbalance"isalignment
Aeneral =ooseness or /earBearing 8efectsAear 8efectsand many more+++
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W,&t is I'b&(&nce?
'otation
Heay $pot
Center of "ass Center of $haft
Center o- S,&-t = Center o- &ss
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Imbalance can be separated into t!o
componentsD
Types o- I'b&(&nce
St&tic I'b&(&nce: Cop(e I'b&(&nce:o
constant across rotor# opposite across rotor#
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IBALANC$
CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$
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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P"
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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ %I%= VIB'%TI@ %T - $H%FT 'P"
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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ %I%= VIB'%TI@ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ H%'"@IC$ F $H%FT 'P"
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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ %I%= VIB'%TI@ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ H%'"@IC$ F $H%FT 'P" - 'P" $I@$I8%= P%TTE'@ I@ THE TI"E /%VEF'"
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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ %I%= VIB'%TI@ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ H%'"@IC$ F $H%FT 'P" - 'P" $I@$I8%= P%TTE'@ I@ THE TI"E /%VEF'" C%@ C%$E THE' F%=T$ T $H/ P7 E$PECI%==G
=$E@E$$
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RA"IAL VIBRATIONAT T#RNIN*
SP$$" IS #CHOR$ SI*NI!ICANTTHAN IN TH$ AIAL
"IR$CTION
IBALANC$
Fre(D 30+06
rderD -+0-0
$pecD +,90
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W,&t is 'is&(i/n'ent?
8eiation from acommon centerlineduring operation+
BEFORE AFTER
GRRR!
hmmm
!
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Types o- is&(i/n'ent
O--set
An/(&r
Bot,
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ISALI*N$NT
CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$
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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AY "OINAT$
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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AIAL "OINAT$S HI*H AIAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP
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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AIAL "OINAT$S HI*H AIAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HI*H RA"IAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP
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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AIAL "OINAT$S HI*H AIAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HI*H RA"IAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HARONICS O! SHA!T RP ABOV$ D AR$
#S#ALLY LOW
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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AIAL "OINAT$S HI*H AIAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HI*H RA"IAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HARONICS O! SHA!T RP ABOV$ D AR$
#S#ALLY LOW PHAS$ R$A"IN*S SHOW A ;< "$*R$$ SHI!T
ACROSS TH$ CO#PLIN*
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IS "OINANT
LOCATION O!
VIBRATIONS
VAN$ PASS IS "#$ TO
BLA"$ P#P IP$LL$R
ISALI*N$NT
VAN$ PASS
Fre(D *9+*0
rderD .+0-0
$pecD +360
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#sin/ P,&se to distin/is, I'b&(&nc
-ro' is&(i/n'ent
GRRR
!
Cross Coupling Phase
In Phase-:0 deg out
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$CHANICAL LOOS$N$SS#LTIPL$ HARONICS O! R#N SP$$"
R#N SP$$" HARONICS
) ) ) D) E) F) G) ;
-
.
,
6
*3
:
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"iscss @H&r'onics@
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Be&rin/ !&(t !re3encies
Function of the Aeometry of the Bearing
uter 'ace
BPF#
Inner 'ace
BPFI#
Ball $pin
B$F#
Cage
FTF#
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ROLL$R B$ARIN* $APL$
Fre(D 66-+0,
rderD +,90
$pecD +-:0
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"iscssion Topics:Fault fre(uencies Inner 2s2 uter race defects $ide2band analysis$eerity stages
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*$AR$SH !A#LT
Fre(D -03+:9
rderD .-+00
$pecD +03.
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R$SONANC$$o much to say and so little time lead in to adanced topics#
Typical Periodic Vibration Survey Flow
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Typical Periodic Vibration Survey Flow
8atabase8ata
Collector
'oute
Exception'eport
8ata
%nalysis
%utomated
8iagnosis
'eport
Aeneration
& "achine
Maintenance
Action
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