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Climate Change

Climate

Physical properties of the troposphere of an area based on analysis of its weather records over a long period

Two main deciding factors are Temperature and Precipitation

Natural Greenhouse Effect

Absorption of Infrared radiation from the surface of the earth by greenhouse gases.

Absorbed heat is emitted in all directions, including toward the earth’s surface.

Natural greenhouse gasses with largest the concentrations:

- Water vapor

- Carbon dioxide

Carbon Cycle

Atmospheric CO2

Photosynthesis

Plants

Death and decomposition

Animals

Cellular Respiration Combustion

Fossil Fuels

Energy input and output

Energy comes into the system as solar radiation

Absorbed by the atmosphere

Absorbed by the earth

Input

Energy Output

IR radiation by earth

Sensible heat flux – convection or conduction

Latent heat flux – phase changes in water

Reflected by the atmosphere

Incoming solar radiation

Outgoing radiationShort wave Long wave (IR)

Absorbed by water vapor, dust, O3 (17)

Absorbed by clouds (3)

Absorbed

Back scattered

Reflected by clouds

Reflected by surface

Earth’s surface

Emission by clouds

Latent heat flux

Sensible heat flux

Space

AtmosphereNet emission by water vapor, CO2, O2

Absorption by clouds, water vapor, CO2, O2

7 16 8 9 40 20100

49

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect =

Global Warming

So where is the heat coming from?

Changes could be the result of :

1. Natural climate fluctuations

2. Human activities *

3. Combination of factors

Regardless of cause - affects could include:

-Availability of water resources by altering evaporation and precipitation

-Alter the structure and location of biomes

-Extinction of species

-Change sea levels

-Shift crop growing regions

So, what can we do about it?

calculator

Figure out how much of a problem we are.

Take action.

Polar Explorers

Will Steger

Eric Larson

Global Warming 101

• Individual actions

• Alternative Energy– Solar power– Wind power– Hydrogen

• Others

Now

We

Are

Changing

To

A

COMPLETELY

DIFFERENTSubject….

What’s the issue with ozone?

How are humans involved?

What are the results of the issue?

What can be done?

Ozone Depletion

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Ultraviolet light hits a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) molecule, such as CFCl3, breakingoff a chlorine atom and leaving CFCl2.

UV radiation

Sun

Once free, the chlorine atom is off to attack another ozone moleculeand begin the cycle again.

A free oxygen atom pulls the oxygen atom off the chlorine monoxide molecule to form O2.

The chlorine atom and the oxygen atom join to form a chlorine monoxide molecule (ClO).

The chlorine atom attacksan ozone (O3) molecule, pulling an oxygen atom off it and leaving an oxygen molecule (O2).

Cl

Cl

ClC

F

Cl

Cl

OO

Cl

OO

O

Cl

O

OO

ClO

O

Summary of ReactionsCCl3F + UV Cl + CCl2FCl + O3 ClO + O2

Cl + O Cl + O2

Repeated many times

Figure 18-26Page 473

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Figure 18-31Page 475

Human Health

• Worse sunburn

• More eye cataracts

• More skin cancers

• Immune system suppression

Food and Forests

• Reduced yields for some crops

• Reduced seafood supplies from reducedphytoplankton

• Decreased forest productivity forUV-sensitive tree species

Wildlife

• Increased eye cataracts in some species

• Decreased population of aquatic speciessensitive to UV radiation

• Reduced population of surfacephytoplankton

• Disrupted aquatic food webs from reducedphytoplankton

Air Pollution and Materials

• Increased acid deposition

• Increased photochemical smog

• Degradation of outdoor paints and plastics

Global Warming

• Accelerated warming because of decreasedocean uptake of CO2 from atmosphere byphytoplankton and CFCs acting asgreenhouse gases