abnormal behavior any deviation from the average from the majority people who fail to adjust...
Post on 16-Dec-2015
217 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Abnormal Behavior
• Any deviation from the average from the majority
• people who fail to adjust
• psychological disturbance or abnormality is like a physical illness
• many do not like to label “mentally ill”
Classification
• Medical Model– all behavior can be described in the same
manner as a physical illness
• DSM 1952(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
• DSM- IV 1994
DSM IV-R
• Axis I– define disorder
• Axis II– developmental and long standing disorders
• Axis III– physical disorder or medical condition
• Axis IV– measure of current stress level
• Axis V– highest level of adaptive functioning 90 good 10 danger
Anxiety Disorders
• 15% of adults
• feeling anxious, inadequacy, avoid problem
• constant worry and fear
General Anxiety Disorder
• A vague feeling that one is in danger
• Reaction to vague or imagined danger
• Unable to make decisions or enjoy life
• Physical symptoms– muscle tension, strained face, inability to sleep
Phobic Disorder
• Anxiety is focused on a particular object, activity or situation that seems out of proportion to the real danger involved
Phobias
• Simple– focus on almost anything
• Social– fear that one will embarrass themselves in
public place or social setting
• Attempted cure– Flooding
• face up to phobia in safe controlled environment
Panic Disorder
• Sudden and unexplained attacks of intense fear, lead the person to feel a sense of inevitable doom or even the fear of death
• feel smothering, choking, faint, dizzy, nausea
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Obsession– thinking the same thoughts over and over again
• Compulsion– repeating the same task over and over again
• Obsessive-Compulsive– experiencing both of these together
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Condition in which a person who has experienced a traumatic event feels severe and long lasting effects
• flashbacks
• insomnia
Somataform Disorder (Hysteria)
• Anxiety that creates a wide variety of physical symptoms for which there is no physical cause
• Conversion Disorder– conversion of emotional difficulties into the loss of a
specific physiological function
• Hypochandriasis– person who is in good health becomes preoccupied
with imaginary ailments
Dissociative Disorder
• Person experiences a loss of memory or identity or exhibits two or more identities
• Psychogenic Amnesia– loss of identity
Dissociative Disorder
• Psychogenic Fugue– type of dissociative reaction or amnesia coupled
with active flight to a different environment
• Multiple Personality– person seems to have two or more distinctive
identities– efforts to escape from part of yourself– Alters
• name given to the different personalities
Mood Disorders
• Major Depressive Disorder• Singular episode
– depression strikes deeply and seriously in dramatic episode
• Recurrent episode– extended pattern shared with single episode
depression of sadness, anxiety, fear, agitated behavior and reduced ability to function with others.
Mood Disorders
• Interferes with sleep and concentration• Ranges from mild uneasiness to suicidal despair• Three elements
– dependency• sensed need for others need and support
– self criticism• negative assessment of owns worth
– inefficacy• the idea that “nothing I do matters”
Bipolar Disorder
• Excessively and inappropriately happy or unhappy
• High elation, hopeless depression– alteration between the two
Bipolar Disorder
• Manic– elation, extreme confusion, distractibility and racing
thoughts
– exaggerated self-esteem
– engages in irresponsible behavior
• Depressive– overcome by feelings of failure, worthlessness and
despair
– lethargy despair, unresponsiveness
Suicide
• 30,000 Americans per year
• 1 every 18 minutes
• 70% of those who kill themselves threaten to do so 3 months before
• highest rate in elderly
Schizophrenia
• Group of disorders characterized by confused and disconnected thoughts, emotions and perceptions
• Delusions– false beliefs maintained in the fact of contrary evidence
• Hallucinations– sensations in the absence of appropriate stimulation
Schizophrenia
• Five Types• Paranoid
– delusions of grandeur
• Catatonic– motionless for long periods of time
• Disorganized– incoherent language, inappropriate emotions, disorganized motor skills,
delusions, hallucinations
• Undifferentiated – qualified under many or none
• Remission– symptoms completely gone
Causes of Schizophrenia
• Genetic– identical twins 42%– mom with child 17%– population in general 1%– chemicals in the brain (dopamine)
• Family– Socialization– mixed messages from the parents
Personality Disorders
• Unable to maintain meaningful relationships, to assume social responsibilities or adapt to social environments
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Sociopath or psychopath
• treat people as objects
• no feelings
• seek thrills, live for the moment
• feels no shame or guilt
• much intelligence, entertaining, charming
Drugs
• Psychological Dependence– millions of Americans addicted
• Addiction– bodies normal state is with the drug
• Tolerance– body becomes so accustomed to the drug one needs to take
more to obtain same effect
• Withdrawal– physical and psychological upset which the body and mind
revolt against and finally get used to the absence of the drug
top related