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ABSTRACT BOOK
8th
BALKAN ANIMAL SCIENCE
CONFERENCE BALNIMALCON 2017
6-8 SEPTEMBER 2017
Venue
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University „‟Ukshin
Hoti‟‟ Prizren, Prizren KOSOVA
www.uni-prizren.com
3
ISBN :
Toprak Ofset
Matbaacılık Ortacami Mah. Çınarlıçeşme Sk. No:6/A Süleymanpaşa – Tekirdağ
Tel : + 90 282 263 58 49 toprakofsetgrafik@gmail.com
4
8 th BALKAN CONFERENCE ON ANIMAL SCIENCE
organized by
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences „‟Ukshin Hoti‟‟ Prizren, Prizren Kosova in
cooperation with Namık Kemal University, Republic of Turkey
Honorary Board
NAME UNIVERSITY COUNTRY
Prof. Dr. Ramё VATAJ Rector, University "Ukshin Hoti",Prizren Kosovo
Prof. Dr. Marjan DEMA Rector, University of Prishtina Kosovo
Prof. Dr. Osman ġĠMġEK Rector, Namık Kemal University,Tekirdağ Turkey
Congress Chairmans
NAME UNIVERSITY / FACULTY COUNTRY
Prof. Dr. M. Ġhsan SOYSAL Namık Kemal University,
Faculty of Agriculture
Turkey
Prof. Asst. Dr. Bekim GASHI University "Ukshin Hoti" Prizren,
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences
Kosovo
5
Organizing Committee
NAME UNIVERSITY-MINISTRY COUNTRY
Prof. Asst. Dr. Bekim GASHI Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,
University "Ukshin Hoti”, Prizren
Kosovo
Prof. Dr. M. Ġhsan SOYSAL Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal
Science, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ
Turkey
Dr. Sadik IDRIZI Vice Rector for International Cooperation and Quality
Assurance, University "Ukshin Hoti”, Prizren
Kosovo
Asst. Prof. Dr. Malush
MJAKU
Acting Dean of Faculty of Life and Environmental
Sciences, University "Ukshin Hoti”, Prizren
Kosovo
Prof. Dr. Ahmet
ĠSTANBULLUOĞLU
Dean of Agriculture Faculty, Namık Kemal
University, Tekirdağ
Turkey
Prof. Dr. Isa ELEZAJ Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences,
University of Prishtina
Kosovo
Asst.Prof.Dr. Isuf LUSHI Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,
University "Ukshin Hoti",Prizren
Kosovo
Asst.Prof.Dr. Shukri
MAXHUNI
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences,
University "Ukshin Hoti",Prizren
Kosovo
Prof. Assoc. Dr. Hysen
BYTYQI
Department Livestock Sciences, Faculty of
Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina
Kosovo
Msc. Kaplan HALIMI Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Rural Development
Kosovo
Asst. Prof. Dr. Soner
YILDIRIM
Chief of Study Programmes in Turkish Language,
University "Ukshin Hoti", Prizren
Kosovo
Asst. Prof. Dr. Recep SIRALI Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Zootechnics,
Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ
Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emel
ÖZKAN ÜNAL
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal
Science, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ
Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Eser Kemal
GÜRCAN
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal
Science, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ
Turkey
Asst. Prof. Dr. Süleyman
KÖK
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetic and
Bioengineering Trakya University, Edirne
Turkey
6
Conference Website: http://balnimalcon.nku.edu.tr/
7
Scientific Committee
NAME UNIVERSITY COUNTRY
Prof. Asst. Dr. Bekim GASHI University "Ukshin Hoti" , Prizren Kosovo
Prof. Dr. M. Ġhsan SOYSAL Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ Turkey
Prof. Dr. Ahmet
ĠSTANBULLUOĞLU
Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ Turkey
Prof. Dr. Isa ELEZAJ University of Prishtina Kosovo
Prof. Dr. Muhittin ÖZDER Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ Turkey
Asst. Prof. Dr. Isuf LUSHI University "Ukshin Hoti", Prizren Kosovo
Prof. Dr. Hasan Ersin ġAMLI Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ Turkey
Prof. Dr. Kristaq KUME Alexandër Moisiu University, Durrës Albania
Asst. Prof.Dr. Serdar GENÇ Ahi Evran University, KırĢehir Turkey
Prof. Dr. Andreas
GEORGOUDIS
Aristotle University, Thessoloniki Greece
Prof. Dr. Cengiz ELMACI Uludağ University, Bursa Turkey
Prof. Dr. Drago KOMPAN University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana Slovenia
Prof. Dr. Zafer ULUTAġ Ömer Halis Demir University, Niğde Turkey
Prof. Dr. Horia GROSU University of Agricultural Sciences and
Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest
Romania
Prof. Dr. Naci TÜZEMEN Kastamonu University, Kastamonu Turkey
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dimitar
PANAIOTOV
University og Trakia Bulgaria
Prof. Dr. Ünsal DOĞRU Atatürk University, Erzurum Turkey
Asst. Prof. Dr. Shukri
MAXHUNI
University "Ukshin Hoti", Prizren Kosovo
8
Asst. Prof. Dr. Afrim HAMIDI University of Prishtina Kosovo
Prof.Assoc.Dr. Hysen
BYTYQI
University of Prishtina Kosovo
9
CONTENTS
10
GENETICS, BREEDING AND BIOMETRY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
11
BM8_O2915
Characterisation of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) Gene Polymorphism of
Donkey (Equus Asinus) Populations in Thrace Region of Turkey
Raziye IġIK1
Fulya ÖZDIL2 Emel ÖZKAN ÜNAL
3
Güldehen BILGEN4 Sezen ARAT
5
*: raziyeisik@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdag, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ġzmir, Turkey
5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify allelic and genotypic distribution of polymorphism in
acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene in Equus asinus populations in
Thrace region of Turkey. DGAT1 is considered as an important genetic marker in milk yield
and content at cattle. Lately, some studies were handled on goat and sheep to expose single
nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) that might effect on production traits. A total of 85 donkey
samples from three different populations in Trace region of Turkey were used. DGAT1 gene
(GenBank NW_014636647.1) was amplified and digested with EaeI restriction enzyme and
the same gene region was sequenced. It was concluded that the association
between DGAT1 gene polymorphism and production traits was required to evaluate in
donkeys. Thus, DGAT1 gene could be used as molecular markers in milk content and yield in
donkeys.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
12
Keywords: DGAT1, Donkey, PCR-RFLP, DNA Sequencing, Thrace Region of Turkey
13
BM8_O2692
Association Between GHRH, GHR Genes Polymorphisms and Growth in Cattle
Süleyman Kök1* Sertaç Atalay
2
*: koks@trakya.edu.tr
1: Trakya University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics And Bioengineering, Edirne, Turkey
2: Trakya Universitesi Institu of Scienve and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Edirne,
Turkey
Abstract
The growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) gene codes the GHRH, which is secreted by
the hypothalamus and stimulates growth hormone secretion. The growth hormone receptor
(GHR) gene encodes the transmembrane receptor for the growth hormone. GHR is a
transducer for growth hormone action and thus GHR plays major role in growth,
differentiation and developmant. GHR is expressed in various tissues, but especially in the
liver. Investigation of polymorphisms in GHRH and GHR genes may be beneficial for
understanding how genotypes influence phenotypes for growth and carcass composition in
cattle. Because growth is critical to the economical efficiency of cattle production, there has
been great interest in genomic structure influencing growth traits. Measurement of
phenotypic traits such as growth and carcass characteristics are expensive and difficult so it is
important to find the quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with these properties. It is
important that the detected QTLs are also investigated in indigenous cattle breeds throughout
the world. These studies are important not only for the validation of QTLs but also for the
protection of genetic diversity. The object in this paper is to provide information on growth-
related SNPs in the GHR and GHRH genes for use in future MAS studies.
Keywords: Cattle, Growth, GHR, GHRH, QTL
14
BM8_O2836
An Investigation of Growth Hormone (GH) , Leptin Receptor (LPR) and Prolactin
(PRL) Genes Polymorphism in Poulrty Species
Firdevs Korkmaz1* ġeref Mücahit Topaloğlu
2 Berrin Okuyucu
3
Ayla Fidan4 Hasan Ersin ġamlı
5 Emel Özkan Ünal
6
*: ozemel@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ , Turkey
6: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of some poultry breeds (broiler -
layer chicken and quail), based on the growth hormone (GH), leptin receptor(LPR) and
prolactin (PRL), genes. To study the polymorphisms in these genes, the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods was performed. A 776 bp fragment of GH, a
501 bp fragment of LPR, and 439 bp fragment of PRL genes were amplified via PCR.
Comparative sequence analysis of GH, PRL and LP-R fragments in different chicken and
quail samples revealed different number of SNPs. The aligned DNA sequences of the 776 - bp
fragment of GH region showed total of 12 SNPs. All of them are noncoding SNPs. 16 SNPs
were detected in LEPR, 9 SNPs in PRL gene. The results of the present study will contribute
to the polymorphism data on the world‟s some poultry species/breeds. Furthermore, the
above-mentioned SNPs of poultry species are evaluated in relation to their genetic diversity,
and to infer their meat and egg production properties on the basis of the available literature.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Gallus Gallus , Courtnix Courtnix Japonica, PRL, GH, LPR
15
BM8_O2783
Using Chaid Analysis for Dairy Parameters in Holstein Cattle
Serdar Genç1* Aziz ġahin
2 M. Ġhsan SOYSAL
3, Murat Karaağaç
1
*: serdargenc1983@gmail.com
1: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey
2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
CHAID is a technique that recursively partitions a population into separate and distinct
segments called nodes. These nodes are split in such a way that the variation of dependent
variable is minimized with in the segment and maximized among the segments. In this study,
records of milk and fertility yield of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle reared in a dairy farm were
evaluated. For this purpose, data were taken from the Turkish Central Union of Cattle
Breeders. Total of 962 lactation records were determined. The 305-day milk yield (305
DMY), lactation length (LL) and lactation number (LN) as milk production traits and the
season (S), age (A), calving year (CY) and calving interval (CI) as the reproductive traits were
used. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the 305 DMY and 6 independent
variables (LL, LN, S, A, CY, CI) using CHAID analysis. Results showed that LL was primary
and LN and CY were secondary variables affecting 305 DMY.
Keywords: Holstein Friesian, Dairy Cattle , Chaid Analysis , 305-Day Milk Yield
16
BM8_O2721
Milk Yield Characteristics and Liveweight of Indigenous
Şavak Akkaraman Sheep of Turkey
Serdar Yağci1* Sinan BaĢ
2
*: serdaryagcii@gmail.com
1: Republic of Turkey Ministry Of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, Ankara, Turkey
2: KahramanmaraĢ Sütçü Ġmam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KahramanmaraĢ,
Turkey
Abstract
With this study, it is aimed to present the intoductory information for the first time about
Shavak sheep which is very important in cheese production. Shavak sheep that is variety of
Akkaraman, native breed of Turkey, are bred at province of Erzincan, Elazığ, Tunceli and
Munzur valley. The name of Shavak sheep is from Shavak tribe living in region. The Shavak
tribe is a family breeding ewes during long years in this region. The population of Shavak
sheep is continiously improved in terms of milk yield by breeders because it is bred for milk
production.
The Shavak ewes have generally smaller body than Kangal and the other Akkaraman
varieties. Their wool is longer and brighter than the other varieties. However, there are more
splash called as „basma‟ on head of ewes. The “tulum cheese” production is highly important
because this region is center of the cheese production. Therefore, these cheeses are producted
in the region is named as “Erzincan tulum cheese” or “Shavak tulum cheese”.
Milking of ewes started after weaning (approximately 45 days) is continued up to beginning
months of October. Therefore, the Shavak ewes have longer milking period than the other
varieties of Akkaraman. This situation is exact opposite of practices made related with
milking in the other regions of the country. The majority of produced milk is used
manufacturing cheese.
In this study, means of the liveweight in ġavak Akkaraman was found 50.52±0.64 kg for ewes
and 76.71±1.35 kg for rams. Lactation length and lactation milk yield was calculated
205.78±2.03 days and 88.77±3.53 kg, respectively.
Keywords: ġavak Akkaraman, Milk Yield, Live weight
17
BM8_O2646
Partial Characterization of Cmcase, Xylanase And Lichenase Enzymes Produced by
Newly Isolated Bacillus Sp. Cxl
Makbule Baylan1* Bahri Devrim Ozcan
2 Numan Ozcan
3
*: makyan@cu.edu.tr
1: Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Dept. of Basic Sciences, Adana, Turkey
2: Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department Of Biology, Osmaniye, Turkey
3: Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey
Abstract
In the study, cellulase, xylanase and lichenase producing bacterium Bacillus sp. CLX was
isolated from the soil samples collected from agricultural greenhouse. The optimum enzyme
activities were observed at 50 ºC for CMCase and lichenase, whereas at 40 ºC for xylanase.
On the other hand, optimum pH values for CMCase, xylanase and lichenase were 8.0, 6.0 and
7.0, respectively. CMCase, xylanase and lichenase were showed 71, 63, and 78% residual
activity after pre-incubation at 80 ºC for 15 min, respectively. The relative residual activities
between 40-80 ºC were occurred as 84.4, 86.6, and 92.6%, in the same order. Maximum
CMCase, xylanase and lichenase productions of isolate were observed after 36, 24, and 12
hours later from inoculation time. All three enzyme activities were stimulated by CaCl2,
MnCl2, CoCl2, and MnCl2, whereas inhibited by HgCl2, and FeCl33. While ZnCl2 and EDTA
stimulated the CMCase and xylanase activities, CuCl2 stimulated CMCase and lichenase. If
xylanase activity is accepted as 100%, the activities of CMCase and lichenase in comparison
to the xylanase remain 34 and 56%, respectively.
Keywords: Bacillus Sp, Cmcase, Xylanase, Lichenase, Characterization
18
BM8_O2909
Developments in Broiler Performance Characteristic
Ahmet Uçar1* Serdar Özlü
2 Mesut Türkoğlu
3
*: ucara55@hotmail.com
1: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
2: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Ankara, Turkey
3: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Meat-type chickens have been intensively selected for over 60 years. Modern broiler strains
reach 1500 g body weight in 28 days, compared to 120 days needed in 1925. Improvement in
body weight of the genotypes which have been used for broiler production in last 60 years is
about 360 % and 87 %, the feed conversion ratio decreased from 2.1 to 1.6 and 84 % of this
is because of the development in genetics. The progress of hatching eggs (175 eggs), hatching
egg weight (64.2 g) and hatchability (84.8%) has been observed. Selection of meat-type
chicken has primarily focused on growth rate and improving body composition. One of the
first challenges as a result of selection for quick growth, is that of increased carcass fat
deposition. Increased body size and muscularity of broiler breeder males may impair the
ability to successfully transfer sperm and complete matings. This problem was followed by an
increase in incidence of physiological leg problems. Additional problems have surfaced
regarding immune function, skeletal disorders, livability, and in the breeder level reproductive
troubles. The negative correlation between reproductive and growth features limits the
advancement to be achieved of development.
Keywords: Broiler, Breeding, Performance, Developments, Challenges
19
BM8_O2801
Usability of Ridge Regression in the Existence of Multicollinearity for Body
Measurements in Saanen Kids
Cem Tirink1* Samet Hasan Abacı
2 Hasan Önder
3
*: cem.tirink@gmail.com
1: Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey
2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Samsun, Turkey
3: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey
Abstract
One of the biggest problems in the least squares (LS) multiple regression models, is
multicollinearity. multicollinearity problem can be eliminated using Ridge Regression (RR),
which is a biased estimation method, and it is possible to obtain models that have more
reliable determination coefficient (R2). It is aimed in this study to examine the usability of
ridge regression in the existence of multicollinearity on the effect of some biometric
measurements (height at withers and rumps, body length, chest width, chest girth and chest
depth) on body weights obtained from 40 Saanen kids. The multicollinearity problem was
determined between height at withers and height at rump to estimate body weight, due to
Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) value was higher than ten. This multicollinearity problem has
been eliminated using the RR. It was observed that the standard errors of coefficients obtained
from RR were decreased according to LS estimations. R2 was determined as 0.88 from LS
method and the R2 was determined 0.875 with k=0.0136 from RR method. Results showed
that the model obtained from RR model was more reliable than LS.
Keywords: Least Squares Multiple Regression Model, Multicollinearity, Ridge regression
20
BM8_O2739
Accuracy of Phenotypic and Genomic Breeding Value Prediction in Different Sample
Size for Holstein Cows
Samet Hasan Abacı1* Hasan Önder
2
*: shabaci37@gmail.com
1: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Samsun, Turkey
2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey
Abstract
This study aims to comparison of accuracy on phenotypic and genomic breeding value
prediction for different sample size. Genomic and phenotypic breeding value has been
estimated for partial milk yield (158 day) of Holstein cows (400 individuals) from a private
company in USA. Populations were created as reference (322-360) and test (78-40)
populations, respectively. In this study, Bayes (A, B, C, Cpi) and GBLUP for genomic
selection and BLUP methods were compared. Animals were genotyped with 54k SNPs. The
marker input file was coded as -10, 0, and 10 for marker genotypes AA, AB, and BB. Bayes
methods and GBLUP were performed using the software GenSel 4.55. A total of 50,000
iterations were used, with the first 5000 excluded as the burn-in. BLUP for partial milk yield
in Holstein cows were estimated by REML using MTDFREML software employing with
animal model. Correlations between partial milk yield and estimated breeding values in test
populations were used to assess predictive ability. As a result BLUP method gave the highest
accuracy in the presence of pedigree. The Bayes A method gave better results in analyzes
without pedigree. Also it was determined that the accuracy of the methods increases as the
reference population increases.
Keywords: Bayes, BLUP, Breeding value, Genomic selection
21
BM8_O2772
Usage of Factor Scores in Multiple Regression for Live Weight Estimation in Şavak
Akkaraman Lambs
Adile Tatliyer1* Sinan BaĢ
2 Serdar Yağci
3
*: atatliyer@ksu.edu.tr
1: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Science Department,
KahramanmaraĢ, Turkey
2: KahramanmaraĢ Sütçü Ġmam Üniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KahramanmaraĢ,
Turkey
3: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
The objective of this study to estimate live weight from 12 different morphological body traits
of ġavak Akkaraman lambs three different period using factor scores in multiple regression to
remove multicollinearity problem. For this purpose, a total 159 lambs data was used for each
period. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure test and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were used for
appropriates of factor model. At each period, factors which were eigenvalues greater than 1
were selected in the Varimax rotation factor analysis. In the first period that is after birth
(app.11 days), 2 factors explained approximately 71% of total variation in live weight and 2-
factor scores were used to estimate live weight with multiple regression and R2 was found as
80%. Second period (weaning period), 3 factors explained approximately 63.3 % of total
variation in live weight and 3-factor scores were used to estimate LW with MR and R2 was
found as 45%. Third period (beginning of grazing), 4 factors explained approximately 68.3 %
of total variation in live weight and 4-factor scores were used to estimate LW with MR and R2
was found as 57 %. The results showed that using of body measurements could provide
knowledge to breeders for effective breeding programs.
Keywords: Factor scores analysis, Multiple regression, Multicollinearity, ġavak akkaraman
lambs
22
BM8_O2677
Identification of the Genetic Polymorphism for STAT1 and STAT5A Genes in Holstein,
Jersey and Turkish Native Cattle Breeds
Ozden Cobanoglu1* Eser Kemal Gürcan
2 Ertuğrul Kul
3
Samet Hasan Abacı4 Soner Cankaya
5
*: ocobanoglu@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Genetics, Bursa, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dep. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
4: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Samsun, Turkey
5: Ordu University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Biostatistics,, Ordu, Turkey
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic polymorphism in terms of the STAT1
and STAT 5A gene for native cattle breeds and dairy cattle breeds in Turkey. The study was
carried out native cattle breeds as Native Black, East Anatolian Red and Grey Steppe
nevertheless dairy cattle breeds as Holstein from two different regions (Black Sea and
Marmara Region) and Jersey, respectively. The expected deviations from the Hardy-
Weinberg Equilibrium were found significant for only Jersey breeds (P<0.01) for STAT1
gene. As the same time, Holstein (Black Sea Region) (P<0,05), Grey Steppe (P<0,01) and
Native Black (P<0,05) in terms of the STAT5A gene, respectively. The FIS values were
estimated for the STAT1 and STAT5A genes all population, respectively. This value was
determined to STAT1 gene as negative all breeds except for Holstein (Marmara Region).
Similarly, this value was determined to STAT5A gene as positive all breeds except for
Holstein (Black Sea Region).The genetic distances for two loci were found between 0.0029
and 0.159 among the populations. Based on the cluster analysis, Holstein (Black Sea Region)
with Native Black and East Anatolian Red with Holstein (Marmara Region) was located in
close cluster; however Grey Steppe and Jersey were grouped in different clusters. Finally,
genetic polymorphism and genetic relationships were compared among the breeds for STAT1
and STAT5A genes.
♦The study was supported by Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Research Grant Committee
(TOVAG) of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) with
project number #110 O 821.
Keywords: STAT1, STAT5A, Genetic polymorphism, genetic relationships, cattle, breeds
23
BM8_O2696
Relationship Between Prolactin Gene Polymorphism and Fertility in Karya Sheep
Onur Yilmaz1 Orhan Karaca
2 Ibrahim Cemal
3 Nezih Ata
4*
*: nezihata@adu.edu.tr
1: Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey
2: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey
3: Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
4: Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine prolactin gene polymorphism and the association of
reproductive traits such as litter size and ovulation rate with genotypes of prolactin gene in
Karya sheep by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragments Length
Polymorphisms). A new allele that previously it is not mentioned in the literature, which is
called as "D", have been identified in this study. Allele frequencies for A, B, C and D were
found to be 0.466, 0.327, 0.124 and 0.083, respectively. It was found that allele A and B of
prolactin gene was the most common alleles. Nine genotype (AA, AB, ABC, AC, AD, BB,
BC, BD ve CC) was determined for prolactin gene in Karya sheep. AA and AB was the most
common genotypes of prolactin gene in Karya sheep population. It was found that genotypes
had a significant effect on litter size and ovulation rate. Particularly, animals with the AD
genotype showed higher values both of litter size (1.83) and ovulation rate (3.66) than the
other genotypes. In order to reveal more concrete information, there is need to sequencing for
the Prolactin gene. Results obtained from this study will provide a significant contribution to
the literature.
Keywords: Prolactin, Karya Sheep, Fecundity, Ovulation Rate
24
BM8_O2866
Molecular Phylogenetic Analyse of Native Black Sheep in Turkey Based on
Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene
Huseyin Erdem Erten1* Selahattin Kiraz
2
*: huseyinerdemerten@gmail.com
1: Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey
2: Harran University, Agricultural Faculty, Deparment of Animal Science, Sanliurfa, Turkey
Abstract
In this research, determination of phylogenetic tree of Native Black Sheep of Mersin province
in Turkey using molecular techniques was the main goal. Blood samples were collected for
genomic DNA isolation. In DNA samples, mitochondrial Cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene region
were amplified by applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and gene sequence
information of PCR products were obtained. Number of polymorphic site (S), number of
haplotypes (h), haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were calculated. In
Native Black Sheep, DNA polymorphism based on Cyt b gene sequence, total number of site,
number of polymorphic site, number of haplotype, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity
values were found to be 420 bp, 3, 3, 0.667±0.044, 0.00141±0.00013, respectively. In sheep,
genetic distance between haplotypes ranged from 0.0000-0.0036. Phylogenetic analyses based
on DNA polymorphism in Cyt b gene region were performed to research the phylogenetic
structure in sheep. In phylogenetic analyses; UPGMA (Un-weighted Pair Group Method with
Arithmetic mean) method and Kimura-2-parameter model were used in order to show the
genetic relationship in Native Black Sheep.
Keywords: Native black sheep, mtDNA, phylogenetic
25
BM8_O2748
Estimation of Live Weights at the Beginning and the End of Grazing Season in Tuj
Lambs Via Scores of Factor Analysis
Mehmet Sarı1* Kadir Önk
2 Ġsmayil Safa Gürcan
3
*: msari_40@hotmail.com
1: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Burdur,
Turkey
2: Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Science, Kars, Turkey
3: Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics , Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Study was conducted in order to eliminate multicollinearity between body measurements of
Tuj lambs and to estimate their live weights at the beginning and the end of grazing season
using factor analysis scores, which were determined calculating some body measurements, in
multiple regression model. For this purpose, the material of the study consisted of 297 Tuj
lambs born between 2009 and 2013. Live weights of lambs at the beginning and the end of
grazing season and some body measurements (body length, withers height, chest girth, chest
depth, circumferences of cannon forelimb and cannon hind limb) were used in the
study. Factor analysis scores were used to determine the estimated equation between the
characteristics. It was determined that there was a multicollinearity between circumference of
cannon forelimb and circumference of cannon hind limb measured at the beginning of grazing
season. Problem of multicollinearity between independent variables was eliminated by using
factor scores determined by factor analysis in multiple regression models. Consequently, two
factors were detected from results of factor analysis applied to body measurements to
determine live weights of Tuj lambs at the beginning and the end of grazing season. These
factors for beginning and the end of grazing season were found to explain 84.8% and 78.9%
of total variance, respectively. Thereby, it was revealed that more accurate estimations could
be made by using factor analysis scores in estimating live weights of Tuj lambs at the
beginning and the end of grazing season. In addition, it was concluded that applying factor
analysis scores derived from independent variables decreased mistake in the model according
to least squares method.
26
Keywords: Tuj lamb, live weight at the beginning of grazing season, live weight at the end of
grazing season, factor analysis
BM8_O2653
Determination of the Genetic Polymorphism for GHR Gene in Holstein, Jersey and
Turkish Native Cattle Breeds
Ozden Cobanoglu1 Eser Kemal Gürcan
2* Ertuğrul Kul
3
Samet Hasan Abacı4 Soner Cankaya
5
*: egurcan@nku.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Genetics, Bursa, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Facuty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dep. Of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
4: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science , Samsun, Turkey
5: Ordu University, Faculty Of Medicine, Dept. Of Biostatistics,, Ordu, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the genetic polymorphism in point of the GHR gene
for native cattle breeds and dairy cattle breeds in Turkey. The study was carried out native
cattle breeds as Native Black (80), East Anatolian Red (70) and Grey Steppe (92) therewithal
dairy cattle breeds as Holstein (467) and Jersey (276) animal, respectively. The FIS values of
the populations for the GHR gene were detected negative except for Grey Steppe and Native
Black. FIS value was found 14% and negative with reference to heterozygote genotype was
higher than homozygote genotypes in overall population. The expected deviations from the
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in terms of the GHR locus were found significant in these
different breeds (P<0.05) except for Native Black. The genetic distance values among the
populations were calculated between 0.0004 and 0.1881. Based on the cluster analysis,
Holstein and East Anatolian Red were located in close cluster; however Jersey, Native Black
and Grey Steppe were grouped in different cluster. As a result; the GHR gene polymorphism
was determined for five cattle breeds and genetic relationships were compared among the
breeds.
♦The study was supported by TOVAG of TUBITAK with project number #110 O 821.
27
Keywords: GHR, Genetic polymorphism, Genetic relationships, Dairy cattle, Native breeds
BM8_O2757
The Distribution of Lambings in A Day of Daglıc Ewes
Tülay Canatan1* ġükrü Dursun² Necdet Akay
1 N. KürĢat AKBULUT
1
*: tulaycanatan@hotmail.com
1: Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey
2: Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology – Aksaray-
Turkey
Abstract
In this study, the some reproductive data of Daglıc sheep breeding in a private sheep farm in
Tatköy village in Selçuklu province of Konya were evaluated. For this purpose, the effects of
dam age, lamb sex, type of birth and birth time of the year of birth on the research were
examined. Within a day, birth time was categorized into 4 sub- groups; namely, 22:01-04:00,
04:01-10:00, 10:01-16:00 and 16:01-22:00 hours,respectively. The chi-square (c2) test was
used to determine whether dam age, lamb sex, birth type and year factors had effects on the
birth time periods during the day.In the study of two years, 173 female and 182 male lambs
were born from 355 lambing. The numbers of single and twin born lambs were 311 and 44.
Generally, 33,8% off all the births was intensively 04:01-10:00 hours, but 18,9% was 10:01-
16:00 hours. The effects of dam age, birth year, lamb sex, type of birth on birth time were
significant (P<0.05).
28
Keywords: Sheep, Daglıc, Birth time, lamb sex, type of birth
29
BM8_O2771
Genetic Diversity of Karayaka Sheep Breed in Samsun, Turkey
Koray Kırıkçı1* Mehmet Akif Çam
2 Levent Mercan
3
*: koray.kirikci@ahievran.edu.tr
1: University, Kirsehir, Turkey
2: University, Samsun, Turkey
3: University, Samsun, Turkey
Abstract
Karayaka sheep is one of the native animal genetic resources of Turkey reared at the coastline
of Black Sea Region. Karayaka sheep constitute about 4-5% of total sheep population of
Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of Karayaka sheep
populations reared in the Samsun province of Turkey. In this study, non-related animals from
Karayaka sheep breed were analyzed by using 9 microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic
diversity. A total of 72 alleles were determined with an average of 8 per locus. The highest
number of allele (12) was observed for locus BM1314, while the lowest (4) was observed for
locus CSSM47. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values ranged from 0.359 at locus
CSSM47 to 0.855 at locus BM1314 with an average of 0.689. The value of expected
heterozygosity (He), which is the best estimator of genetic diversity in the population, ranged
from 0.654 at locus BM757 to 0.867 at locus BM1314 with an average of 0.723, whereas for
the observed heterozygosity (Ho) from 0.125 at locus CSSM47 to 0.438 at locus BM757 and
HUJ616. The Wright‟s fixation index (FIS) values ranged from 0.360 at locus BM757 to 0.833
at locus OARFCB304. The results obtained from this study showed that Karayaka sheep
population had high genetic diversity and the studied markers were highly informative.
Keywords: Karayaka sheep breed, genetic diversity, microsatellite markers
30
GENETICS, BREEDING AND BIOMETRY
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
31
BM8_P2841
The Determination of Some Environmental Factors’ Effects on Birth Weight and
Weaning Weight of Karacabey Merino Sheep Raised in Tekirdağ Province of Turkey
Mehmet Ġhsan Soysal1* Eser Kemal Gürcan
2 Emel Özkan Ünal
3
*: misoysal@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Facuty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine some environmental factors‟ effects on birth weight
and weaning weight in Karacabey Merino sheep in Tekirdağ. Birth records were obtained
from 6129 lambs in totally. The whole records were grouped according to gender of lamb,
birth type, enterprises and location of enterprise in Tekirdağ. The study was realized at 46
enterprises and 31 varied location in Tekirdağ. The effects of these characters were detected
on the birth and weaning weight of lambs with the Least Squares Means Method. This method
showed that the effects of birth type, enterprises and location of enterprise were found
significant on birth weight and weaning weight (P<0.01). Furthermore, the least squares
means of birth weight and weaning weight were found non-significant as 4.422-4.433 and
35.152-35.237 kg for female and male animal, respectively. Similarly, the least squares means
of birth weight and weaning weight were found significant as 4.547-4.377 kg and 34.827-
35.075 kg for single and twin birth type, respectively (P<0.01).
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Birth weight, Weaning weight, Karacabey merino sheep , The least squares
means method
32
BM8_P2813
Genomic Selection in Dairy Cattle
Serdar Genç1* Aziz ġahin
2 M.ihsan Soysal
3 Murat Karaağaç
4
*: serdargenc1983@gmail.com
1: Ahi Evran Unv. Agricultural Fac. Dept Of Agricutural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey
2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty Of Agric.dept. Of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Ahi Evran Unv. Agricultural Fac. Dept Of Agricutural Biotechnology, KırĢehir, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of study was introduced to genomic selection and genomic breeding value (GEBV).
Traditional estimation breeding value (EBV) which use sire, dam that were relationship
matrix, some phenotypic traits and mixed models. EBV can not determine specifically traits in
genome also. In outbreeding populations, the incorporation of molecular information in
breeding programs on the basis of the linkage analysis. The main emphasis of this study is the
use of SNPs to directly compute EBVs of animals, which are often called direct genomic
breeding values (DGV). This is usually combined with some measure of the traditional EBV,
say parent index, from an animal model to produce what is termed genomic breeding values
(GEBV), which are officially published and used for the selection of animals. The use of
GEBV in the selection of animals has been referred to as genomic selection. Genomic
selection requires that markers (SNPs) are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the QTLs
across the whole dairy cattle population.
Keywords: Dairy cattle , Breeding value , Genomic breeding value, Genomic selection
33
BM8_P2812
Advantages and Limitations of Genomic Selection
Zühal Gündüz1* Onur Yilmaz
2 Sabri Gül
3 Mahmut Keskin
4
Orhan Karaca5 Osman Biçer
6
*: zuhalgunduz@gmail.com
1: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey
2: Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey
3: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey
4: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey
5: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey
6: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey
Abstract
Information on phenotypes and pedigrees are used to predict breeding values in traditional
selection programs, until recently. For the last two or three decades, information on DNA
variation has used on the purpose of more accurate breeding value. Genome-wide association
studies (GWAS) have a major role in animal production systems. It utilizes molecular genetic
markers to design new breeding programs for genetic evaluation. The genomic information
provides shorter generation interval and faster genetic improvement in production systems.
For this purpose, in this review advantages and limitations of genomic selection will be
discussed.
Keywords: GWAS, Breeding value, Genetic improvement
34
35
BM8_P2705
GH- MSPI Polymorphism in Turkish Native Cattle Breeds
Yasemin Öner1
Onur Yılmaz2 Candan EriĢ
1 Nezih Ata
2
Cihan Ünal2 Seyrani Koncagül
3
*: onery@uludag.edu.tr
1: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey
2: Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey
3: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Growth Hormone is important for cell differentiation and proliferation. Due to its critical
functions for organism gene encodes growth hormone has been intensively investigated in
animal breeding field. In this study GH-MspI polymorphism was investigated in five Turkish
native cattle breeds. Blood samples of Yerli Kara (YK), Boz ırk (BI), Yerli Güney Sarısı
(YGS), Güney Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (GAK), Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) were taken
from their original geographic regions. Total 199 animals were analyzed by PCR-RFLP
method to reveal GH-MspI polymorphism. All populations were found as polymorphic. Two
alleles and three genotypes were detected in GH-MspI locus. Allele A was predominant in
four of the investigated breeds and its frequency varies between 0.400-0.875 among breeds.
All populations were found at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for GH-MspI locus.
This work was financially supported by the Scientific Research Council of Uludag University
(Project number: KUAP 2015/80)
Keywords: Polymorphism, Native breeds, Growth hormone, cattle
36
BM8_P2709
The Determination of Gender and Variety Effects on Lifespan of Juvenile Guppy
(poecilia Reticulata Peters, 1860) With Survival Analysis
Eser Kemal Gürcan1* Çetin Yağcilar
2 Emre Tahtabiçen
3
Eyüp Erdem Teykin4 Hasan Salih YaramiĢ
5
*: egurcan@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University Vocational School of Technical Science,dept.of Feed Technology And Animal
Nutrition, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdag, Turkey
5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture,dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
The study was aimed to answer the question whether the determination of gender and variety
effects on lifespan of Juvenile Guppy (Poecilia reticulata PETERS, 1860) with survival
analysis. Survival analysis is used very frequently in medical and biological science. Also,
this method is applicable easily to detect for lifespan and effects of some factors on lifespan
for animals. For this reason, lifespan was obtained for every Juvenile Guppy as individually.
All animals were raised in the same situation in separately aquarium. All animals were
grouped according to gender and variety factor. The gender and variety effect on lifespan
were found very important as statistically (P<0.01). Average lifespan were calculated as
314.61 ± 14.35 day in generally. Lifespan of female and male animals were detected as
349.50 ± 27.91 and 290.62 ± 13.64, respectively. Similarly, short and long lifespan were
found as 262.40 ± 20.22 and 376.31 ± 26.46 day for variety of redgrass and crossbred,
respectively. At the same time, a application of survival analysis was done in Juvenile
Guppy‟s lifespan in ichthyology.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
37
Keywords: Survival Analysis, Kaplan- Meier, Juvenile Guppy , Ichthyology, Lifespan
BM8_P2839
Mitochondrial DNA Genetic Diversity of Donkey (Equus Asinus) Population in
Kirklareli Province Donkey Farm
Emel Özkan Ünal1* Erkan Yalçin
2 Eser Kemal Gürcan
3 M.ihsan Soysal
4
*: ozemel@yahoo.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Animal Sciences, Edirne, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty of Agric.dept. of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), because of its unique features (maternal inheritance, relatively
fast rate of evolution and lack of recombination) is widely used to unveil the recent
evolutionary history of domestic animals through the maternal line. In this study, for the first
time, Anatolian donkey population mtDNA was sequenced for 383 bp of the D-loop region
for 59 unrelated individuals and, for 313 bp of the cytochrome b gene (Cyto-b) for 53
unrelated individuals. Individuals were sampled from Kırklareli province donkey farm. In
total, ten haplotypes were observed for mtDNA D-loop region that were defined by 18
polymorphic sites. The average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity estimated from
mtDNA D-loop region in Kırklareli province donkey farm were 0.800±0.058 and 0.01842 ±
0.00134, respectively. Again, for the Cyto-b gene, nine haplotypes were identified in
Kırklareli province donkey farm and they were defined by 4 polymorphic sites. The average
haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity estimated from Cyto-b gene were 0.681±0.055
and 0.00498±0.00048, respectively. Kırklareli province donkey farm population showed high
haplotype and moderate nucleotide diversity. According to the analysis results of mtDNA D-
loop region it was found to be divided into two groups of donkeys . It was found that while 24
donkeys in the first group have close genotypes to Spain, France, China and Serbia donkeys,
35 donkeys in the second group have quite different genotypes. According to the analysis
results of mtDNA cytochrome b 24 donkeys in the second group phylogenetically differ from
the other 35 donkeys. It was seen that donkeys in both groups phylogenetically take place in
close groups to China, Mongolia, Portugal and Denmark donkeys.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Donkey, mtDNA, D-loop, cytochrome b, polyporphism, haplotype, origin
38
BM8_P2832
Observation of The Exchanges of The Courtship Behaviors In Reproduction of Oscar
(astronotus Ocellatus) Fishes
Çetin Yağcilar1* Cemal Polat
2
*: cyagcilar@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Reproduction is defined as the survival of a living thing. Every creature that completes its
growth and development has the ability to reproduce. Living creatures with reproductive
ability form similar individuals to themselves and on this basis they continue their generation.
Generaly Reproduction is; The increase in the number of living beings, either sexually or
asexually, occurs in a variety of ways in a population of single-celled organisms, invertebrates
and vertebrates. Among the reproductive behaviors, the most remarkable one is the behavior
of the courtship. Many of the vertebrates are known for their prevalence of pre-reproductive
behavior. Behaviors of the courtship is like a protection of the individulas not fighting before
reproduction or aggressive behaviors. In this study; It is aimed to monitor the exchange
behavior between the male and female fish and the clearing of breeding area in the
environment of the female and male fish in the appropriate temperature range after the male
and female fishes observed in the oscar fishes.
39
Keywords: Reproduction, behaviors, courtship, oscar fish
BM8_P2797
Classification of Dairy Cattle Population in Middle and West Anatolian Provinces by
Multi-dimensional Scaling Method
Aziz ġahin1* Serdar Genç
2 Ertuğrul Kul
3 Zafer UlutaĢ
4 Emre Uğurlutepe
5
*: aziz.sahin@ahievran.edu.tr
1: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
2: Ahi Evran Unv. Agricultural Fac. Dept of Agricutural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey
3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
4: Omer Halisdemir University Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Niğde, Turkey
5: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
Abstract
In this research, Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis analysis which included in the
multivariate statistical methods were comparatively evaluated for showing investigation of
dairy cattle population of in Middle and West Anatolian Provinces in Turkey. Data were
obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute including number of cattle during year 2016. For
this purpose, 23 provinces in Middle and West Anatolia were compared. Multidimensional
scaling method attempts to find the structure in a set of distance measures between objects or
cases. For this reason number of cattle and milk production were classified. Result of study
showed that 2 province (Konya and Balıkesir) split from others about number of cattle and
milk production. Coefficient of Stress were 0.01028 and Residual Sum Square were 0.99980
determined. This study aimed good correspondence and data matrix in order to get the correct
results.
40
Keywords: Dairy cattle, multi-dimensional scaling, multivariate classification
41
BM8_P2795
Description of Some Parameters for Anatolian Buffaloes Using by Factor Analysis
Aziz ġahin1* Serdar Genç
2 Ertuğrul Kul
3 Zafer UlutaĢ
4 Arda
Yıldırım5 Emre Uğurlutepe
6 Ozden Sarikaya
7
*: aziz.sahin@ahievran.edu.tr
1: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
2: Ahi Evran Unv. Agricultural Fac. Dept of Agricutural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey
3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
4: Omer Halisdemir University Department Of Animal Production And Technologies, Niğde, Turkey
5: Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tokat, Turkey
6: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
7: General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
The clarification of the some traits that contribute to describing milk quality is difficult due to
the high degree of correlation among these traits. In this instance, one of the best methods of
statistical processing is factor analysis, which belongs to the multivariate groups; for current
research this particular statistical approach was used. A total of 614 Anatolian buffalo raw
milk samples were evaluated. This study evaluated the factors influencing (lactation number,
farm, village, lactation period, calving age) the variation in the non fat dry matter, fat, protein
and lactose content of milk in Anatolian Buffaloes, using multivariate factor analysis. Factor
analysis was performed by applying axis orthogonal rotation; the analysis grouped the milk
components into three latent or common factors. The first, which was explained 26.4% of the
total covariance, were dry matter, protein and lactose content. The second factor explained
14.7% and third was 13.5% of the total covariance were cage and non fat dry matter
respectively. First three latent or common factors were explained 54.6% of the total
covariance communality. The multivariate factor analysis method was effective in describing
the quality of Anatolian buffalo milk. These new variables have been useful for quantitate and
qualities aspects of milk production in Anatolian buffalo.
Keywords: Anatolian Buffalo, Milk Parameters, Factor Analysis
42
BM8_P2917
Honey Bee Gene Resources and Hybridization in Turkey
Recep Sirali1*
*: rsirali@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zootechnical Department, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Honeybee is spread all over the world and is adaptive to various climate conditions. But in
some regions there are wild forms and different species, races and ecotypes around the world.
The main reason for the difference between honeybee races is the different genetic makeup.
Honeybee forms that have adapted to different climatic conditions have emerged entirely
under their own selection rules and measures. Climate, vegetation and natural harmful
presence have created different bee races in different geographies. Each bee race has the
chance to live more efficiently and higher in its geographical region. In other words, it cannot
be expected that the bee race which is productive in another region will be at the same
efficiency level in every respect.
Turkey, one of the most important gene centers in the world, is the main land of Caucasian
and Anatolian bee races. These two bee races have been used in breeding studies due to their
important properties. For this reason, all bee races in this region need to be protected and
smoothed. However, in recent years, uncontrolled queen production, colony sales and mobile
beekeeping have disappeared in Turkey. The appearances of the honeybees in the original
region are not very different from each other but the variation is increased in
different locations. This variation differs from the natural variation and has been influenced
by humans.
The introduction of queen, colony, drone or mobile beekeeper should not be permitted in any
other way in the territory where bee races in our country maintain their existence. The
necessary legal arrangements must be made in order to protect these valuable bee races which
have been formed in Turkey for thousands of years. In order to prevent the disappearance of
existing honeybee genetic resources, it is always preferable to utilize efficient bee colonies
belonging to local bees.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
43
Keywords: Honey Bee, Honey Races, Gene Resources, Hybridization, Turkey
44
BM8_P2652
Investigation of Prolactin Gene Polymorphism in Pekin Ducks
Ebru Keskin1 Cengiz Elmaci
2*
*: elmaci@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) has important functions in the reproduction of avian species. A numbers of
the reported about effects of prolactin are related with growth and development. The main
objective of our study was detection of PRL/XbaI and PRL/PstI gene polymorphism in Pekin
ducks. Two pairs of primers were used to reveal single nucleotide polymorphisms of intron 1
and exon 5 of PRL gene of 161 ducks by PCR-RFLP methods. Only the amplified products
from intron 1 showed polymorphism. Three genotypes (GG, TG, TT) at PRL/XbaI locus and
one genotype PRL/PstI locus were detected. The allele frequencies G and T at PRL/XbaI
locus were 0.4938 and 0.5062, respectively. Results of the chi-square fitness indicated that
studied Pekin ducks was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this site.
Keywords: Ducks, prolactin gene, genetic polymorphism, PCR-RFLP
45
BM8_P2647
Isolation of Keratinase Producing Bacteria and Increasing of Enzyme
Production by Molecular Methods
Meryem Karadagli1 Bahri Devrim Ozcan
2*
*: ozcanbd@hotmail.com
1: Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
2: Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Faculty of Arts And Sciences, Department of Biology, Osmaniye, Turkey
Abstract
In the present study, three keratinolytic Bacillus strains were isolated from the feather
containing soil samples collected from the poultry enterprise of Çukurova University. The
isolates were entitled as Bacillus sp. MK1, MK2, and MK3, respectively. The optimum
enzyme activities were observed at 40°C for MK1 and MK3 keratinases whereas 50 ºC for
MK2 keratinase. Similarly, optimum pH value for MK1 and MK3 keratinase was 9.0,
whereas 8.0 for MK2 keratinase. The specific activities of MK1, MK2, and MK3 keratinases
were 2.76, 0.77 and 5.48 U/mg protein at 40°C, respectively. Maximum enzyme productions
of isolates were observed after 36 hours for MK1, and 24-36 hours for MK2, and MK3. Over-
expressing mutant varieties MK1-M3, MK1-M4 and MK1-M5 from MK1, MK2-M3 and
MK2-M4 from MK2, and MK3-M1, MK3-M3, MK3-M4 and MK3-M5 from MK3 were
obtained after EtBr treatment. MK1-M3, MK1-M4, MK1-M5, MK2-M3, MK2-M4, MK3-
M1, MK3-M3, MK3-M4 and MK3-M5 have produced 186, 117, 133, 144, 171, 122, 116, 214
and %187 keratinase according to their own wild type strains, respectively. PMSF, urea,
CaCl2 and Tween 80 were determined common activators for all enzymes. However, EDTA
has also inhibited all these three enzymes. According to BLAST analysis, Bacillus sp. MK1
rDNA sequence was similar to B. subtilis NCDO 1769 rDNA sequence at the rate of 96%. On
the other hand, Bacillus sp. MK2 and MK3 rDNA sequences were similar to B. subtilis NRRL
B-4219 and B. tequilensis 10b rDNA sequences at the rate of 99%, and B. subtilis SBMP4
rDNA sequence at the rate of 98%.
Keywords: Bacillus sp., keratinase, isolation, characterization, mutation, etbr
46
BM8_P2644
An Overview on Cryobiological Researches in the Field of Aquaculture in Turkey:
Advances and Main Challenges
Yusuf Bozkurt1* Ġlker YavaĢ
2
*: yusuf.bozkurt@iste.edu.tr
1: Iskenderun Technical University, Fac. of Marine Science And Technology, Hatay, Turkey
2: Mustafa Kemal University,faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept.of Reproduction and Art. Ins., Hatay, Turkey
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in Turkey reaching great results in the
European fish market for both marine and inland aquaculture. The cultured species are
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (Sparus
aurata), blue-fin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis),
sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) and striped sea bream (Lithognathus olivieri).
Furthermore, experimental farming of alternative species such as turbot (Psetta maxima),
sturgeon speciess (Acipenser spp.) and native marine trout species (Salmo trutta spp.) are
performed under culture conditions.
In Turkey, cryobiological researches have mainly focussed on cryogenic or non-cryogenic
preservation of oocytes and spermatozoa of freshwater fish species in aquaculture until now.
Especially, researches on sperm cryopreservation of fish have been increasing in investigated
species. So far, successful cryobiological experiments on chilled or cryopreservation of
gametes in aquatic species were carried out with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown
trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Salmo trutta fario), Abant trout (Salmo trutta abanticus),
mirror and scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), goldfish
(Carassius auratus), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), African catfish (Clarias
gariepinus), seabream (Sparus aurata), shabout (Barbus grypus) and turbot (Psetta maxima).
On the other hand, in spite of increasing of cryobiological researches in the field of
aquaculture, there is lack of standardization of cryoprotocols due to displaying some changes
among the species and also the quality of frozen/thawed sperm has not yet reached a
satisfactory level in some aquatic species arising from differentiation in sperm quality among
species and also mechanism of cryopreservation protocols.
Keywords: cryoconservation, aquaculture, fish species, spermatozoa, oocytes
47
BM8_P2738
The Role Of Salts Stress In Seed Imbibitions In Maize (zea Myas L.) Genotypes
Sali Aliu1* Mimoza Jakupi
2 Imer Rusinovci
3
Shukri Fetahu4 Dukagjin Zeka
5
*: sali.aliu@uni-pr.edu
1: University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture, Prishtina, Kosovo
2: University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
3: University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
4: University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
5: University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
Abstract
The aim of research were to be analyzed and tested of two hybrid maize with different origins
for energy and germination in different concentrations of Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and
sodium chloride (NaCl), and the seed imbibation ability for each seed in hybrid genotypes; H-
1 (OSSK-596) and H-2 (EX-508).A Laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the
effect of water stress in seed of six local bean populations with different treatments (T1=24 h;
T2=48h; T3=72 h). The experiment was set up randomized complete block design (RCBD)
with three replicates.The concentrations of CaCl2 and NaCl salts was : sodium chloride
(NaCl), 50 mM; 100 mM; 200 mM and 400 mM calcium .Kloruri (CaCl2), 50 mM; 100 mM;
200mm and 400 mM. Results showed that water stress treatments significantly (LSDp=0.05)
was in treatment T1 after 24, than 48 and 72 hours.For NaCl the differences were on higher
significance. The value of standard error (SE) was of 0.0032 (DM) to 0.014 after 72 hours.
But higher values for standard deviation and e Coefficient of variation (%) is determined
after 48 hours (SD = 0.058), and CV (%) after 72 hours worth 31.8%. For CaCl2
concentration the differences were also with higher significance.The SE was 0.0036 (DM)
till 0316 after 72 hours. The highest value for the standard deviation in the coefficient of
variation (%) is determined after 48 hours (SD = 0.06817), and CV (%) after 72 hours on
value 27.23%.
48
Keywords: maize ,seed,water,strees,germination,coefficient,imbibitaions
49
BM8_P2937
Some Meat Quality Traits of Local Geese in Different Feather Color Varieties
Mehmet Akif Boz1* Umut Sami Yamak
2 Musa Sarıca
3 Fatih Öz
4
*: m.akif.boz@bozok.edu.tr
1: Bozok University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey
2: Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Animal Sci. Dep., Samsun, Turkey
3: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, Turkey
4: Atatürk University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Erzurum , Turkey
Abstract
In this study, some meat properties of geese having different feather color and produced by
farmers were determined. The animal material of this study was consisted of male and female
geese which were 28 weeks aged and multicolored, White, Black and Gray feather colored.
Nutrients, fatty acids, cholesterol and amino acid content in skinless thigh and breast meat and
also cholesterol and fatty acids in thigh skin, breast skin and abdominal fat were described.
While the effects of variety and sex on fat ratios in nutrient composition were significant, the
effects of these on dry matter, protein and ash were not found significant. Also total and index
values consisted of fatty acids composition showed differences according to the varieties, the
effect of sex on these properties were not significant. The total amino acid compound in
breast meat was higher in multicolored variety, as it was higher in thigh meat of black variety.
The effect of sex was not significant on content of amino acids. The effects of sex and variety
on cholesterol were not found significant.
As a result, various feather color varieties and sex had effects on some meat quality traits of
geese which affect consumer preferences. The further breeding studies should be carried out
with considering these results.
Keywords: Geese, quality of meat, fatty acid, Aminoacid, Cholesterol, Nutrient Composition,
Production Systems
50
BM8_P2827
Freshwater Ornamentals Fish Breeding With Ovaprim
Çetin Yağcilar1* Cemal Polat
2
*: cyagcilar@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Different cultivation environments are used for semi-intensive or intensive production in
ornamental fish breeding. Cultivation can be done in glass aquariums, plastic tanks or
concrete pools. Although many knowledge of aquaculture is available, large-scale aquaculture
must have detailed knowledge of biology, living standards, nutrition and recreation of these
fish. For example, it is necessary to know the conditions of breeding of the fishes which will
be produced. In ornamental fish breeding, Ovaprim (a stable solution that contains OvaRH
and a dopamine inhibitor.) is an ovulation and spermatism substance that is used to help
ovulation, especially in fishes that are difficult to breed in aquarium conditions. Ovaprim is
used for Koi, Goldfish, freshwater shark and many other types of ornamental fish. In this
study, Ovaprim Hormone is used with Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the freshwater shark
Challenger fish (Pangasius sanitswongi) to improve ovulation.
Keywords: Ornamental fish, breeding, ovaprim, ovulation, goldfish, challenger fish
51
BM8_P2741
The Morphometric Characterization of Populations of the Donkey Farm in the City of
Kirklareli in terms of Various Body Measurament
Erkan Yalçin1* Mehmet Ġhsan Soysal
2 Eser Kemal Gürcan
3
*: erkan-yalcin@msn.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture Dept. Of Animal Sciences, Edirne, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Facuty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out with the donkeys being grown on Koruköy donkey farm in
Kırklareli. In the study the birth weights of 18 newborn donkeys were measured, the heights
to withers, rump, back, coccyx and seat tuber height apart from body length, chest
circumference, chest depth, seat tuber width, ear and head length of 40 donkeys selected from
different age groups were taken. Milk samples taken from 5 donkeys in the business in 15-day
periods from the 4. day after birth were examined in terms of fat, protein, lactose, dry matter
and ash contents.
Keywords: Donkey, Morphometric Characterization, Donkey Milk, Kirklareli Donkey Farm
52
BM8_P2864
Comparison Of Honey Bees Of Trace Region And (apis Mellifera L.) and Yığılca
Ecotype By Using Morphometric Methods
Davut Gür1* M. Ġhsan Soysal
2 Meral Kekeçoğlu
3
*: gurdavut@hotmail.com
1: Gida Tarim Ve Hayvancilik Bakanliği, Ankara, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty of Agric.Dept. of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey
3: Düzce University, Fakulty of Science, Dept. of Biology, Düzce, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the honey bee biodiversity of
Thrace and Yığılca provinces by applying geometric morphometric methods. Totally 2641
worker honeybees were collected from 95 colonies in 19 different apiaries. The wing shape
morphology of honey bee population of Turkey was examined by geometric morphometric
analysis using the coordinates of 19 landmarks located at vein intersections of the right wing.
After obtaining the wings images, the vein junctions were detected automatically.
Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Univariate analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were
performed on the data obtained from the colony averages by SPSS.15 package program.
Honeybee population of Tekirdağ, Kırklareli and Yığılca could be distinguished depending on
their wing structure. Some of the angle (A1, A4, B4, D7, E9, H12, J16, M17, Q26) and length
ratio (CI, RI) values among the intersection points of wing vein showed the significant
differences between honeybee population (P<0,005). Acoording to cross validation test of the
colonies from Yığılca, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ, honeybee colonies were correctly classified
within their original groups at 92.6 %. The results of the present study indicated that
geometric morphometrics analysis can be very powerful in exploring intra-specific variation
at the population level and it is largely employed in evolutionary studies concerning honey
bees ıf combined with other approaches such as classical morphometrics and molecular
markers.
Keywords: honey bee,bıodivercıty,geometric morfometri,turkey
53
BM8_P2928
Morphometric Traits of Turkish Saanen Goats as Measured by an
Image Processing Method
Engin Seçkin1 Aynur Konyali
2*
*: akonyali@comu.edu.tr
1: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
2: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Depr.of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
Abstract
Dairy goat production has increased during the last decade. Introduction of novel breeds to
new locations has also become a widespread application. This has given rise to crossing these
animals with local breeds. Turkish Saanen goat is one of such cross-breeds.. Çanakkale
province is the breeding center of Turkish Saanen goat for Turkey. This study was conducted
to characterize Turkish Saanen goat in Çanakkale. For this, traditional measuring methods and
an image processing technique were compared. Animal material consisted of 55 adult
Turkish Saanen dairy goats, located at the Research Farm of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart
University. Thirteen morphological parameters were manually measured and then animals
were kept in a stand, and then photographed. The morphological parameters were studied in
computer by examining the photographs. Data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation. Wither
height, body length, rump height, sternum height, body depth, ear length, rump width, head
width, rump length, head length and udder traits were measured manually as well as with the
image processing method. The results of this study showed that there was a highly significant
correlation between the measurement methods evaluated. Image processing technique can be
successfully used with high accuracy for many traits, although it should be used with extra
care to measure wobbly body parts such as ear, and the traits that needed a 3-dimensional
measurement such as rump depth.
Keywords: image process, turkish saanen goat, rump width, body length
54
BM8_P2805
Estimation of Variance Components and Genetic Parameters for the Various Body
Measurements in Turkish Arabian Horse
Serdar Duru1* Süleyman Can Baycan
2 Nazlı Özhelvacı
3
Burak Gündoğan4 Hilal Akgun
5
*: sduru@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
3: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
4: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
5: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Bursa , Turkey
Abstract
In this study, variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for various body
measurements in Turkish Arab horse. For this purpose, the body measurements of 47 sires
and 398 dams of 912 Arab horses between 2008-2014 in Turkey were evaluated. First, the
data were analyzed in the SPSS in the GLM procedure with variance analysis to determine the
fixed factors to be included in the model. Variance components and genetic parameters were
estimated with REML also breeding values in BLUP animal model using MTDFREML. The
effects on all body measurements of herd, year, sex and age were found significant (P <0.01).
Least squares means for withers height, heart girth circumference, and cannon bone
circumference were found 150.64 cm, 172.32 cm and 19.01 cm, respectively. The
heritabilities for the same traits were estimated 0.30, 0.47, 0.27 in univariate analysis, for the
bivariate analysis 0.52, 0.47, 0.36. Maternal heritabilities were found to be 0.14, 0.12, 0.0 for
withers height, cannon bone circumference, heart girth circumference. Direct maternal genetic
correlations for withers height, heart girth circumference, cannon bone circumference were
found -0.15, -0.99 and -0.47, respectively. The genetic correlations between the traits ranged
from 0.68 to 0.71. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that although
genetic trend is stable for these traits, genetic progress can be achieved at a fairly good level
by selection.
Keywords: Turkish arabian horse, body measurements, genetic parameter, genetic trend,
MTDFREML
55
BM8_P2638
Genetic Characterization of Growth Hormone Polymorphism in Turkish Indigenous
Bovine Breeds Using PCR-RFLP Marker
Cihan Baklacı1 Numan Ozcan
2*
*: bdozcan@gmail.com
1: Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
2: Çukurova University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey
Abstract
The five Turkish native breeds (AS-Anatolian Yellow, YK-Anatolian Black, BI-Anatolian
Grey, DAK-East Anatolian Red, Ki-Kilis) and one exotic breed (SA - Holstein) populations
were characterized genetically, using RFLP marker of bovine growth hormone gene (bGH). A
total of 125 genomic DNA fragment was amplified by PCR and then digested using Msp I
restriction enzyme. The polymorphism presented two codominant alleles (A and B). Overall
allele frequencies of A and B were 0,628 and 0,372, respectively. Three genotypes entitled as
AA, AB and BB were obtained. Genotypic frequencies for 125 samples from six breeds were
0.31, 0.06 and 0.63 for AA, BB and AB genotypes, respectively. AB genotype was
predominant when considered whole population mean. Although all Anatolian breeds had BB
genotype, it was not identified in SA population. All of the populations were in accordance
with HWE, except Ki and SA (p<0.01 and p<0.05). It was found that there was a significant
association between polymorphic allele (B) frequency and breeds. Statistical result showed
that gene frequency of allele B was depend on breed type (p=0.0209). The present study
showed the genetic variation of five Anatolian breeds and one exotic breed for bGH gene.
Keywords: Turkish bovine breeds, RFLP, bovine growth hormon polymorphism
56
NATIVE ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES
AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
57
BM8_O2672
Evaluation of the Genetic Improvement Project for Hemşin Sheep in Low Input
Production Systems
Songül Akin1 Abdurrahman Kara
2* Erdoğan Sezgin
3 Yeliz Beken
4
*: abdurrahman_kara@hotmail.com
1: Dicle University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Sur, Turkey
2: Dicle University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science And Plant Nutrition, Diyarbakır, Turkey
3: Doğu Anadolu Tarimsal AraĢtirma Enstitüsü, Erzurum, Turkey
4: Artvin Ġli Damızlık Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, Artvin, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement studies commenced in Artvin,
Turkey in 2006 within the context of national genetic improvement scheme for small
ruminants in low input production systems. Study data was obtained with questionnaires
completed through face-to-face interviews with all HemĢin sheep breeders in the scheme,
along with HemĢin breeders out of the scheme equally in number. Breeders were compared
regarding twin (or more) births, lamb deaths after birth, infertility and miscarriage, live
weight gain at birth and after birth, important breeding problems, diseases, internal and
external parasites along with gross profit. Descriptive statistics and student t-tests were
employed in data analysis and comparisons. According to results, it was found that twin rates
increased and significant live weight gains were achieved at birth and subsequent weighing
dates. Also a reasonable miscarriage rate (2%) was calculated for the flocks in and out of the
scheme. However, infertility increased during the scheme. Despite of a decline lamb death
rates was higher than that of the flocks out of the scheme. As a result, it was calculated that
HemĢin sheep breeders of the scheme gained 47,1 TRY less gross profit per production unit
(PU). It was concluded that ineffectiveness in lamb death rates and infertility rates casted a
cloud on the achievements in live weight gains and twin rates. For success and the positive
contribution of the genetic improvement studies to the farm and national economy, special
emphasis should be paid for the timely vaccination and other protective measures against
diseases, internal-external parasites and housing conditions.
Keywords: Genetic improvement, HemĢin sheep, small holder low input systems, gross
profit, production unit, Artvin, Turkey.
58
BM8_O2846
The Characteristics of Turkgeldi Crossbreed Sheep
Ertan Köycü1* Ahmet Refik Önal
2 AyĢe ġen
3
Yahya Tuncay Tuna4 Muhittin Özder
5
*: ekoycu@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.
4: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.
5: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Abstract
Crossbreeds can explain like an organism with in general purebred parents of two different
breeds, varieties or populations. Many of sheep breeds used for crossbreeding in different
countries by different aims. In general the aim of crossbreeding is to improvement or
development new genotype from two or more breeds which have good genetic capacity, high
production levels and good adaptability of local condition etc.
Turkgeldi sheep breed has been improvement by the aim of lamb meat production purpose in
Trakya region of the Turkey in 1980s. Tahirova (75%) and Kivircik (25%) breeds used as
parents for improvement of Turkgeldi genotype. Tahirova genotype was an also crossbreed of
East Friesian (75%) and Kivircik (25%) breeds. Tahirova have good reproductive
performance and production level in south of Marmara. Kivircik breed was native breed of
Marmara and well adapted in this area and known by meat taste in Turkey.
The characteristics of the genotype; color is white, live weight of male are 70-80 kg and
female 40-50 kg in average, twin birth rate is 1.40-1.50, mating season period is 200-220
days, milk production in a lactation is 150-180 kg, wool production is 2.5-3 kg.
The crossbreeding procedures and characteristics of the genotype were evaluated in this
study. This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal
University.
Keywords: Turkgeldi, Kıvırcık, Trakya, crossbreeding, sheep
59
BM8_O2689
Unseen Women Labor and Organization In Rural Development
Gülen Özdemir1* Emine Yılmaz
2
*: gozdemir@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Along with the growing population in the world, the importance of rural and agricultural
production is increasing due to increased demand for food, unbalanced and inadequate food
supply, and irregular migration from rural areas to urban areas. There are approximately 3
million small family businesses in Turkey and a significant part of agricultural production is
realized by these enterprises. One of the most important ways to increase agricultural
production, to obtain quality products, and to raise the living standards of farmers / rural
inhabitants is the effective organization of producers.
Generally speaking, while women's contribution to production in the world and our country is
at an undeniable rate, the benefits of social and economic development remain limited.
Approximately 2/3 of the 6.3 million agricultural workers are women. Effective involvement
of women in the social and economic development process, female entrepreneurship,
increased participation of women in labor and employment is an important factor in achieving
sustainable development in terms of individual and socially.
In Turkey, the participation of women as workforce and employer in business life is low;
Immigration and lack of education are the main reasons for these problems and many
organizations are involved in the solution, but the desired outcomes have not yet achieved.
Although the labor force participation rate of women in rural areas is high due to the fact that
they work as unpaid family workers in agriculture, the rapid decrease in agricultural
employment in Turkey leads to a gradual decline in female employment.
Women actually do not see farming as a profession, although they have to work with their
spouses in agriculture to evaluate their labor. For this reason, in this study, it has been
evaluated that in agriculture, especially in livestock enterprises, women who are passionate
about labor, actively participate in decision making mechanisms and in organizations.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Rural development, women labour, cooperatives, organisations
60
BM8_O2999
Angora Goat Production in Turkey: Traditonal Breeding System, National Selection
Programme and Problems
Ġrfan DaĢkıran1*
*: idaskiran@tagem.gov.tr,
1Gen. Dir. Agr. Res. Policies. MFAL of Turkey & IGA Turkey Representative
Abstract
Turkey has 10.3 million goats and which has different traditionally breeding systems and
genetic diversity, and is one of the major goat breeder countries in Europe. The notable
Turkish goat breeds are Angora (Mohair), Kilis, Damascus, Hair goat and Honamli goat. Big
part of Turkish goat population consist of the Hair goat (97%) (Anatolian Black) and Angora
goat while the rest of them are different local types. Goat production is distributed to whole of
Turkey, especially at mountainous region of Mediterranean, South-East Anatolia and South-
West Anatolia regions but Angora goat production localized in central Anatolia and near of
Ankara province. This breed also exists partly in some provinces of South East part of the
country. They are raised particularly for mohair production, which is a raw material for textile
industry. Angora goat farms are located mainly in the lowland areas of Central Anatolia.
Angora goats number was 1.2 million head at the beginning of 1990‟s, this number has fallen
in about 83% rates in the last 25 years. Likewise mohair production is also decreased by 76%.
In the course of time, textile industries are well improved and synthetic fibers getting
important and it is instead of organic fibers. Consideration all of these negative factors effect
to Turkish breeders and mohair prices dramatically down. Big part of angora breeders stopped
breeding and they moved on the metropoles.
This article aims to share Angora goat production, breeding programme and facing problems
of Turkey and will suggest some solutions to develop Angora goat sector for future.
Keywords: Angora, goat production, breed, breeding program
61
BM8_O2868
Evaluation of the Genetic Improvement Studies In Low Input Production Systems:
Kangal Akkaraman Sheep
Abdurrahman Kara1* Songül Akin
2 Behiç CoĢkun
3
Necip Kiliç4 Mikail Atmaca
5
*: abdurrahman_kara@hotmail.com
1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Diyarbakır, Turkey
2: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Sur, Turkey
3: Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
4: Sivas Ġli Damızlık Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, Sivas, Turkey
5: Sivas Ġli Damızlık Koyun Ve Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, Sivas, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement studies commenced in Sivas,
Turkey in 2006 within the context of national genetic improvement scheme for small
ruminants in low input production systems. Study data was obtained with questionnaires
completed through face-to-face interviews with all Kangal Akkaraman sheep breeders in the
scheme, along with Kangal Akkaraman breeders out of the scheme equally in number. Kangal
Akkaraman breeders in and out of the national scheme were compared regarding rates of twin
(or more) births, rates of lamb deaths after birth, infertility and miscarriage rates, live weight
gain (LWG) at birth and after birth, important breeding problems, diseases, internal and
external parasites along with gross value of production, varying costs and gross profit
calculated for every breeder interviewed. Descriptive statistical methods were employed in
analysis of the data as student t-tests for independent and paired samples were employed in
comparisons. According to results, it was found that significant LWGs were achieved at birth
and subsequent weighing dates. Lamb death rates decreased by 4,6%. Twin rates increased by
4%. Number of Lambs per parturition increased by 0,1 lamb. Flock birth rate went up by
0,7% and wool yield per head increased by 0,3 kg. No significant differences were observed
between the flocks regarding animal husbandry problems as the effect of animal pests and
diseases on the flocks differed greatly in favour of the flocks in the scheme. Regarding the
economic achievement, it was calculated that Kangal Akkaraman sheep breeders of the
scheme gained 36,5 TRY more gross profit per production unit (PU). It was also calculated
that support payments paid in 2014 were 30,8 TRY per PU. That is, the gross profit surplus
(36,5 TRY) achieved as the result of cumulative advancements is about 1,2-fold of the
support payments paid in 2014.
62
Keywords: Genetic improvement, Kangal akkaraman sheep, small holder low input systems,
gross profit, production unit, Sivas, Turkey.
63
BM8_O2922
The Growth Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Characteristics of Native Geese (anser
Anser) Raised Under Local Breeding Conditions in Kars [1]
Kadir Önk1* Turgut Kırmızıbayrak
2
*: kadironk@hotmail.com
1: Kafkas University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Animal Science, Kars, Turkey
2: Kafkas University, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Department Of Animal Science., Kars, Turkey
[1]This study is a summarized part of Kadir Önk's Ph.D. thesis.
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the growth performance, and slaughter and carcass
characteristics of native geese raised under the local breeding conditions in Kars.
While examining the growth performance, slaughter, and carcass characteristics, these geese
were divided into five groups according to plumage colour and age. The study was followed
up from hatching to slaughter. 1367 geese were used in hatching and 1079, 1067, 1061, 1057,
1044, 963 and 408 geese were used at the age of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days.
The effects of different plumage colour, weight and gender on growth were statistically
significant (P <0.05-0.001). According to slaughter age, slaughter, foot, heart, liver and
gizzard rates were high in 210 days and blood, feather, head and lung ratios were high in 180
days. According to plumage colour, slaughter and plumage weight and head ratios were
significant (P <0.05) while other investigated features were insignificant (P> 0.05). Average
rates of hot and cold carcass yields were determined as 69.36% and 68.25% in 180-210 day-
old geese, respectively while the average values of neck, chest, butt, wing, back fat, internal
fat and abdominal fat were 6.62, 28.46, 22.84, 14.61, 19.68, 3.49 and 5.06, respectively.
Consequently, in terms of their growth characteristics it was found that geese survived a rapid
growth up to 90 days and growth from 120 days to 210 days continued slowly. About 50% of
the difference of carcass weights cut at 180 and 210 days is due to abdominal and internal fat
amount. Findings about slaughter and carcass characteristics are consistent with many
research results. It is thought that better results can be obtained with a technical breeding and
by providing proper maintenance and feeding conditions for domestic geese.
Keywords: Kars, Geese , Growth, slaughter and carcass characteristics
64
BM8_O2931
The Effects of Agricultural Policies Applied in Livestock on Rural Development in
Turkey
Sema Konyalı1*
*: skonyali@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Livestock is an important part of agricultural sector and economy in Turkey. The livestock
products including milk, meat, egg, honey, wool and hide play a significant role in Turkish
economy. Livestock production constitutes approximately 30% of the value of all agricultural
production and contributes to the economic development of rural households. Livestock is
also an important sector in national development in producing food, increasing external trade,
ensuring a balanced development between areas and sectors, and reducing unemployment in
rural areas, in addition to creating new employment opportunities in the industrial and service
sectors. The sector's contribution to farm income is substantial, so applied policies related to
livestock production and marketing are important to the economic development of rural areas
in Turkey. As in the whole of the world, animal production is supported by government in our
country. While the ratio of livestock supports was 4.4% in 2002, the value reached to 29% in
2015. However, due to the lack of infrastructure for the application of support policies, the
supports for livestock have not been achieved of the production increase that desired and have
not been solved the problems of livestock. Turkey is one of the biggest live cattle importing
countries. Despite the increase in livestock support, livestock import has been increasing
gradually in our country. This situation suggests that, livestock policies should be in a
structure that will accelerate improvements in the sector. Therefore, government overall
objectives for developing livestock sector is need to be reducing rural poverty, increasing
development and enhancing sustainability. The main objectives of this study were to
determine the effects of agricultural policies applied in livestock on rural development in
Turkey and identify opportunities for developing livestock strategies.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Livestock production, rural development, producer, agricultural policy
65
66
BM8_O2648
The Assessment of Sheep Manure As Vermicompost*
Abide Erdil1 Korkmaz Bellitürk
2*
*: kbelliturk@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal Univ. Faculty Of Agriculture, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Vermicomposts are producing commonly and commercially from cattle manure, market food
waste and recycled paper waste today. On the other hand, many vermicompost producer want
to know whether or not to produce it from sheep manure. The aim of the present investigation
was to study the some properties of vermicompost prepared from sheep manure (S), wood
chips (W) and shreded paper (P) under laboratory conditions. The pot experiment was
conducted with four treatments via S (100 % sheep manure), SP (50% sheep manure + 50%
shreded paper), SW (50% sheep manure + 50% wood chips) and SWP (50% sheep manure +
25% wood chips + 25% shreded paper) and also 500 epigeic earthworms which is known
Eisenia fetida for each pot. E. fetida is certainly not the only epigeic worm, but it is the one
most often used for composting purposes in Turkey. All treatments were replicated three
times under laboratory conditions.
The castings will harvest after 120 days of study and send to the Namık Kemal University
Central Research Laboratory (NABĠLTEM) fort he analysis. Therefore this research aimed to
the possibility of obtaining vermicompost which was produced sheep manure and used as a
source of organic manure.
Vermicomposting has been recognized as a low cost and environmentally sound process for
treatment of different organic wastes. Vermicomposting has been getting attention due to the
its environmental friendly approach. We will explain the some results of the study when it is
completed produce of vermicompost in laboratory is still being studied.
*: The authors are thankful to the TÜBĠTAK. This study was financially supported by
TÜBĠTAK (Project No: 1919B011601573, 2209/A).
Keywords: vermicompost, shreded paper, wood chips, sheep manure, eisenia fetida
BM8_P2938
67
Some Meat Quality Traits of Ducks Reared in Two Different Production Systems
Umut Sami Yamak1 Mehmet Akif Boz
2* Musa Sarıca
3 Kadir Erensoy
4
*: m.akif.boz@bozok.edu.tr
1: Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Sci. Dept., Samsun, Turkey
2: Bozok University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey
3: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Samsun, Turkey
4: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey
Abstract
This study was conducted with 240 daily Pekin ducks. The ducks were reared in intensive
and free-range systems until 14 weeks of age. After 6 weeks of age, birds in the outdoor „free-
range‟ system were given 24-hour access to outdoor pens. All birds were fed ad libidum with
the same commercial broiler starter diet based on corn and soybean meal. Water was also
provided ad libidum. At 14 weeks of age, 2 birds (1male, 1 female) per pen were slaughtered
after an 8-hr fasting period after weighing live weights. Meat pH was measured at 3 points on
the left leg (2 on the thigh and 1 on the drumstick) and 3 points on the left breast after 12
hours at 4°C. Meat colour (L* a* b*) was evaluated at 2 points on the left thigh and 2 points
on the left breast using a colorimeter. Measurement means were calculated and recorded for
both colour and pH values. The difference between live weights of geese reared indoor
(2814,8 g) or free-range (2729,3 g) was not found significant (P>0,05). Similarly, the
differences between meat color (L*,a*,b*) and pH values of ducks among production systems
were not found significant (P>0.05).
Keywords: Duck, PH, production system , meat quality , free-range, production systems,
color
68
NATIVE ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES
AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
69
BM8_P2869
Evaluation of The Genetic Improvement Studies in Low Input Production Systems:
Karayaka Sheep
Songül Akin1 Abdurrahman Kara
2* Yüksel Aksoy
3 Ceyhun Yücel
4
Önder Bayram Çoban 5
*: abdurrahman_kara@hotmail.com
1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Sur, Turkey
2: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science And Plant Nutrition, Diyarbakır, Turkey
3: Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, EskiĢehir, Turkey
4: Tokat Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, Tokat, Turkey
5: Tokat Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği , Tokat , Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement studies commenced in Tokat,
Turkey in 2006 within the context of national genetic improvement scheme for small
ruminants in low input production systems. Study data was obtained with questionnaires
completed through face-to-face interviews with all Karayaka sheep breeders in the scheme,
along with Karayaka breeders out of the scheme equally in number. Karayaka breeders in and
out of the national scheme were compared regarding rates of twin (or more) births, rates of
lamb deaths after birth, infertility and miscarriage rates, live weight gain (LWG) at birth and
after birth, important breeding problems, diseases, internal and external parasites along with
gross value of production, varying costs and gross profit calculated for every breeder
interviewed. Descriptive statistical methods were employed in analysis of the data as student
t-tests for independent and paired samples were employed in comparisons. Study revealed that
significant LWGs were achieved at birth and subsequent weighing dates as lamb death rates
and infertility declined with the scheme. However, miscarriage rate was found 1% higher for
the flocks in the scheme as total and twin birth rates decreased 1,6% and 3% respectively
since the beginning of the scheme. On the other hand, lamb, milk and wool yields did not
change over the course of the scheme. Regarding the economic achievement, it was calculated
that Karayaka sheep breeders of the scheme gained 21.5 TRY less gross profit per production
unit (PU). It was concluded that lower fertility rates and higher miscarriage rates
overshadowed the achievements in LWGs and decreased lamb death rates. For success and
the positive contribution of the genetic improvement studies to the farm and national
economy, special emphasis should be paid for the timely vaccination and other protective
measures against diseases, internal-external parasites and housing conditions.
Keywords: Genetic Improvement, Karayaka Sheep, Small Holder Low Input Systems, Gross
Profit, Production Unit, Tokat, Turkey
70
BM8_P2673
Evaluation of The Genetic Improvement Project for Awassi Sheep in Low Input
Production Systems
Abdurrahman Kara1* Songül Akin
2 ReĢit Demir
3
Mehmet Emin ÇaliĢkan4 Fuat Tatli
5
*: abdurrahman_kara@hotmail.com
1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Science And Plant Nutrition, Diyarbakır, Turkey
2: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Sur, Turkey
3: Gaptaem, ġanlıurfa, Turkey
4: ġanliurfa Damizlik Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, ġanliurfa, Turkey
5: ġanliurfa Ġli Damizlik Koyun Keçi YetiĢtiricileri Birliği, ġanliurfa, TÜRKĠYE
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic improvement studies commenced in
ġanlıurfa, Turkey in 2006 within the context of national genetic improvement scheme for
small ruminants in low input production systems. Study data was obtained with
questionnaires completed through face-to-face interviews with all Awassi sheep breeders
breeders in the scheme, along with Awassi breeders out of the scheme equally in
number. scheme equally in number. Awassi breeders in and out of the national scheme were
compared regarding rates of twin (or more) births, rates of lamb deaths after birth, infertility
and miscarriage rates, live weight gain at birth and after birth, important breeding problems,
diseases, internal and external parasites along with gross value of production, varying costs
and gross profit calculated for every breeder interviewed. Descriptive statistical methods were
employed in analysis of the data as student t-tests for independent and paired samples were
employed in comparisons. According to results, it was found that significant live weight gains
were achieved at birth and subsequent weighing dates as infertility, miscarriage and lamb
death rates declined with the scheme. Regarding the economic achievement, it was calculated
that Awassi sheep breeders of the scheme gained 53,8 TRY more gross profit per production
unit (PU). It was also calculated that support payments paid in 2014 were 26.2 TRY per PU.
That is, the gross profit surplus (53.8 TRY) achieved as the result of the cumulative
advancements since the beginning of the scheme in 2006 is more than two fold of the support
payments paid in 2014.
71
Keywords: Genetic improvement, Awassi sheep, Gross profit, small holder low input
systems, production unit, ġanlıurfa, Turkey.
72
BM8_P2886
Participation of Women from the Countryside of Tekirdag City in Livestock Activities
and Their Expectations for the Future
Emine Yılmaz1* Gülen Özdemir
2 Yasemin Oraman
3
Gökhan Unakitan4 Sema Konyalı
5
*: emineyilmaz@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey
5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Women in the country work free of charge as family workers in many areas. While being
engaged in domestic responsibilities such as cleaning, child care, fuel supply, making bread
and nutrition on the one side, women make contributions to family budget by participating in
such activities as agricultural production and handicrafts which yield income on the other
side. This research covers 255 women who live in 55 villages affiliated to the centre of
Tekirdağ City. The aim is to determine the position and role that women in the countryside of
Tekirdağ assume in the present agricultural production and life stages and to specify their
activities in agricultural production and expectations for the future.
According to the result of the research, women join in each stage of plant and animal
production. While hoeing and sowing-planting gain importance in plant production, works
connected with milking stand out in animal production. Whereas women and their husbands
make shared decisions about the number of children they will have and household goods, men
are dominant over organizing the family budget.
Being hopeful for the future, women‟s preoccupation with the future is mainly concerned with
their children. When they were asked about what they think about the future, 48.2% of them
said that wanted their children to study, 21.1% expressed that they did not want to work after
their children‟s marriage, 15.7% stated that they wanted to settle down in the city, and 15%
had no idea about the future because of economic factors.
The participation of women, who assume less responsibility than men in each area of family
and society, in production and making decisions is an important factor in the development of
the country‟s agriculture and rural development. Thus, women must be allowed to take part in
decisions that concern both family and production.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Rural woman, agricultural production, rural development, social roles,
73
BM8_P2825
Sustainable Native Cattle Production in Turkey
Mesut Yıldırır1 AyĢe Oya Akın
1 Yasemin Öner
2
*: mesutyildirir@hotmail.com
1: General Directorate Of Agricultural Research And Policies, Ankara, Turkey
2:Uludag Unıversity, Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
Genetic resources as a component of agricultural biodiversity can be considered as an output
of interactions among thousands of year natural environment, breeders‟ management system
implications and practices. The features of the native cattle breeds and their crossbreds which
are represented in a small ratio in total animal number of Turkey, breeding traditions used in
production systems, human depended environment and income source relationships possess a
critical importance. Breeders are willing to holding of their local breeds in certain
circumstances, they also prefer productive breeds. On the other hand local breeds are more
suitable due to having more adaptation ability to their own production ecosystems such as
usage of pastures at least six months of the year, being productive approximately age of
twelve. As a consequence of chances in marketing conditions and human needs, decreasing in
demands to traditional products has been observed. However, breeders who have potential to
sustain their production continuity and succeed in marketing opportunities become
advantageous because of the product quality. This study focuses on Native Black, East
Anatolian Red, Grey Steppe, Native Southern Yellow, Zavot and South Anatolian Red local
cattle breeds which have low meat and milk production compared to exotic breeds and
crossbreds. Importance of supporting production to meet economic needs via development of
animal breeding, organization and marketing is revealed from the aspect of sustainability of
our native cattle breeds are reviewed.
Keywords: cattle genetic resources, conservation, production environment, sustainable
utilization
74
BM8_P2887
Rural Development and Beekeeping in Turkey
Emine Yılmaz1* Ismail Yılmaz
2 Recep Sirali
3 Umit Gecgel
4
*: emineyilmaz@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
3: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept Of Zootechnics And Animal Nutrition,
Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Rural development has become more important in last decades. Particularly, it is the only one
that prevents immigration from the village to the city. Efforts to raise the economic levels of
rural residents continue to increase throughout the world. Considering the conservation of
natural resources and the environment, it is important to support small and medium-sized
enterprises in order to raise the level of rural area income, to provide agricultural integration
based on agricultural production and agriculture, to develop agricultural marketing
infrastructure, to strengthen food safety, to create alternative income sources in rural areas,
rural development activities is aimed at raising the activities. One of the activities that do not
require much capital for rural development is beekeeping.Beekeeping has many attractions for
rural farmers. Bees do not require daily attention and beekeeping does not take up valuable
land or time which would have been spent on other farming activities. It can be practiced by
males and females of all age groups and it helps generate self-reliance. Beekeeping can
contribute effectively to the empowerment of disadvantaged people and communities, and
makes a multifaceted contribution to rural livelihoods. Honey, pollen, beeswax, propolis, and
royal jelly from bee products are high economic value products. In this paper, examines the
importance of beekeeping and rural development in Turkey.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Rural development, beekeeping, bee products, economical value
75
BM8_P2817
Challenges of Climate Changes Effects on Livestock and Importance of Natural Genetic
Resources
Zühal Gündüz1* Onur Yilmaz
2 Mahmut Keskin
3 Ibrahim Cemal
4
Sabri Gül5 Nezih Ata
6
*: zuhalgunduz@gmail.com
1: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey
2: Adnan Menderes University Faculty Of Agriculture Dept. Of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey
3: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey
4: Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
5: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Hatay, Turkey
6: Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
Abstract
Climate change cause many problems in agricultural production systems and threaten
sustainability of livestock production systems. The consequences of climate change are
accompanied by new production strategies. However, the external inputs used in new
production systems increase the costs and do not appear to be profitable. The genetic variation
in livestock populations is main factor for adaptation in harsh environment, poor pasture
conditions and resistance to some diseases. Climate change related problems became crucial
day by day. The most important point here is that the use of well adapted animals under
climate change. In this review, the problems that are climate change presents and the
importance of genetic resources will be discussed.
Keywords: climate changes,adoptation,natural genetic resources
BM8_P2684
76
Reduction of Entries by Effective Use of Different Formulations in Animal Husbandry
Erdal Gönülal1 Mustafa Bağcı
2 Orhan Ermetin
3 Ahmet HaĢim Keskin
4*
*: ahasimkeskin@hotmail.com
1: Soil Water And Deserting Control Research Institute Konya/turkey, Konya, Turkey
2: Toprak Su Ve ÇölleĢme Ġle Mücadele AraĢtırma Enstitüsü , Konya, Turkey
3: Bozok University. Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey
4: Ministry Of Food, Agriculture And Livestock Turkey Soil Water And Desertification Control Research
Ġnstitute, Konya, Turkey
Abstract
Rangeland is a very large area belonging to the public in Turkey. Its use is mainly open to
people living in the area. Turkey pasture areas are not used efficiently and competently,
especially in Central Anatolia. Central Anatolia restricts the long term utilization of the
rangelands due to its arid climate. The grazing that started early in the rangelands in the
region increases this oppression. There is a need for work that will increase the effective use
of large rangeland areas. The meat prices, which are high in Turkey in recent years, have led
the livestock sector to seek cost-cutting measures. Effective use of rangeland is important for
the reduction in cattle livestock.The present situation of rangelands were evaluated and
suggestions for effective use were made. Research conducted in randelands shows that grassy
plants are common. There may be an opportunity to use woody bushy plants in rangelands
The plants used in animal feeding such as Atriplex, Koshia will also be effective in slowing
the wind erosion in the rangelands. In addition to this, lavender-like and perennial plants will
be a source of nectar and pollen for beekeeping. The presence of deeper bush-shaped and
perennial plants in dry Middle Anatolian landfills will provide sustainability advantage to this
naked area. If the roots are more intense, they will strengthen their strength in these plants.
The leafy bodies,trunks of these plants, which are used as nutrients, will be an important
living space in natural life. This formation will be tried in the projects prepared with the
Presidency of Konya Plain Regional Development Administration. Seedling formation as
seedlings will be appropriate. Conservation will increase its sustainability. Breeding cattle,
sheep goats and milk producers in the region and the support of the Chamber of Agriculture is
the case in terms of ownership.
Keywords: Central Anatolia, Rangeland, Animal Feeding, Shrub Form, Natural Life,
Beekeeping
77
BM8_P2714
Variability in Body Morphometric Measurements for Predicting Live Body Weight of
Honamlı Goat Breed Reared in Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Orhan Karadağ1* M.ihsan Soysal
2
*: karadag.o@gmail.com
1: Bandirma Sheep Research Ġnstitute, Balıkesir, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty Of Agric.dept. Of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
This study was conducted on (n=159) Honamli goat flocks under the in situ Animal Genetic
Resources Conservation project being held in the Seydisehir/Konya. In this study, aimed to
determine some morphological traits of Honamlı Goat Breed which are widely reared in
Turkey‟s Mediterranean Region, especially The Taurus Mountains. Data on live body weight
(LBW), Body Length (BL), Height at Withers (WH), Height at Rump (RH), Heart Girth
(HG), Chest Depth (CD), Tail Length (TL), Head Length (HL), Forehead Width (FW), The
Front Shank Circumference (FSC) And Rear Shank Circumference (RSC) were collected
from (n=159) Honamlı, goats kept by traditional farmers. Regression analysis was carried out
for LBW with all the linear body measurements. The data were classified on the basis of age
and gender pattern. Age and sex significantly (P<0.01) influenced all the body measurements.
Live body weight and some linear body measurements were highly (P<0.01) and positively
correlated for all ages. From the regression analysis, live body weight could be predicted with
accuracy from linear body measurements especially; heart girth, body lenght, chest depth,
forehead width and front shank circumference. Pooling of body measurements in a multiple
regression, improved the coefficient of determination R2 value to 0.82. It was concluded that,
there is variability in body measurements across gender, age and that these measurements can
be exploited in predicting live body weight and hence the economic value of goats.
Keywords: body measurements, linear, live body weight, traits
78
BM8_P2754
Halk Elinde Yetiştirilen Karacadağ Zom Koyununun Süt Bileşimi
Nalan Akça1*
*: nalanakca@hotmail.com
1: GAP International Agricultural Research And Training Center, Livestock Research Unite, Diyarbakir, Turkey
Abstract
Bu çalıĢma Diyarbakır ili Çınar ilçesi Karacadağ Bölgesinde yetiĢtiriciliği yapılan Karacadağ
Zom Koyunlarının süt bileĢenlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıĢtır. Bu amaçla araĢtırma
materyali olarak Karacadağ Zom Koyunlarından süt bileĢimi açısından yaklaĢık 70 baĢ
koyunun sütü kullanılmıĢtır. Süt bileĢenleri açısından kuru madde, yağ, yağsız kuru madde,
özgül ağırlık, asitlik, protein, laktoz ve pH oranları sırasıyla % 16.8±0.19, 4.5±0.13,
12.4±0.10, 1.0388, 9.6 ±0.13, 4.6±0.04, 6.8±0.06, 6.8±0.01 bulunmuĢtur.
Bu çalıĢmanın sonucu olarak halk elinde yetiĢtiriciliği yapılan Karacadağ Zom
Koyunlarının süt bileĢenleri bakımından diğer yerli koyun ırklarımız üzerinde yapılan
araĢtırmalarda saptanan özelliklerle karĢılaĢtırılabilir nitelikte olduğu belirlenmiĢtir.
Keywords: kuru madde, süt bileĢimi, zom koyunu
79
BM8_P2932
The Role of Sheep and Goat Husbandry in The Reduction of Poverty and in the Rural
Development
Sema Konyalı1*
*: skonyali@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Sheep and goat husbandry has an important role in Anatolian cultural, social and economic
life for many years. Turkey is one of the major goat and sheep breeding country in Europe
and it has 10.3 million goat and 30.9 million sheep population in 2015. If poverty is to be
reduced with a sustainable approach in Turkey, the most important way is to go through
livestock. Sheep and goat husbandry is important in Turkey for reduction of poverty in the
rural area, contribution to employment and evaluation of weak pastures. Although sheep and
goat productions have many advantages in Turkey, the levels of milk production for per head,
growth and carcass yield of animals are very low and not enough for intensive production
level. Sheep and goat husbandry is still an important source of food and income for rural
areas. However, since 2010, customs duties have been reduced in the import of live animals
and red meat with policies applied in animal husbandry in Turkey. As a result, 2.2 million
head of small cattle imported between 2010 and 2015. For many years, cattle-oriented support
policies have led to significant reductions in small cattle numbers and almost bring to an end
of the angora goat farming. Despite the increase in supports for small cattle breeders, they are
lower than the cattle farming support. Supports should be reviewed in consideration of input
costs and increased regularly for competing of domestic market prices against to foreign
market prices. In addition, imports of animal husbandry should not be allowed and the need
must be provided from domestically. Therefore, establishing of strong unions and
cooperatives with technical and administrative capacity, improving the efficiency of existing
organizations, needing of long-term and consistent agricultural policies have great importance
for rural development, poverty and development of livestock in Turkey.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: sheep and goat husbandry,poverty,rural development,support policy
BM8_P2935
80
Rural Development Focused Strategic Goal Setting: Farm Tourism Concept
Tugba Kiper1 Aslı Korkut
2*
*: aslikorkut@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architect, Department Of Landscape
Architecture, Tekirdag , Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architecture, Dept. Of Landscape Architecture,
Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Various problems in rural areas have brought new insights into the generation of
development-oriented solutions. In this sense, many plans, projects and policies have been put
into practice. Particularly in the approaches towards strategic planning, a settlement
understanding which is respectful to nature, self-sufficient, enriching the economy of the local
people and featuring the local identity values has come to the forefront. At this point, the
concept of farm tourism, in which strong relations with natural landscape are established,
local identity values are synthesized with educational activities, local foods are experienced,
agricultural products and activities can be observed. Farm tourism is a type of tourism that the
visitors gain experience by participating in a variety of activities (agricultural production,
artistic and local culture workshops, etc.) in the farm of plant production and/or animal
breeding. In this context, the basis of the work is the hypothesis that "the development of farm
tourism in rural development approach is a tool". The aim is to develop strategies based on
the feasibility of farm tourism for the development of rural areas in the present and future. In
this direction, answers to the following questions have been sought: "What is farm tourism?”,
“What are the activities of farm tourism?”, “How should farm tourism be handled in the rural
development focused phases of planning, management and application?”. In the framework of
the questions, farm tourism applications in Turkey and in the World and their effects on rural
development were examined.
Keywords: rural area,rural development,farm tourism,farm tourism applications
81
82
BM8_P2933
The Effects Of Livestock Activities On Landscape Diversity And The Environment
Aslı Korkut1* Tugba Kiper
2 Tuğba Üstün Topal
3
*: aslikorkut@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architecture, Dept. Of Landscape Architecture,
Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architect, Department Of Landscape
Architecture, Tekirdag , Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Fine Arts, Design And Architecture, Dept. Of Landscape Architecture ,
Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
All the natural and cultural values with various characters in the environment, form different
characters and specific textures (uses) such as forest area, agricultural area, settlement area.
These land uses, that we call "landscaping", repeated in similar forms in large areas develop
and change as a result of mutual interaction between human and nature. The degree of
interaction between human and nature reveals the natural and cultural landscapes. Cultural
landscape creates important landscape varieties particularly in rural areas as a result of the
interactions between human and nature.
Livestock activities are included in the agricultural landscape, which is one of the components
of rural landscape. The agricultural landscapes that display a broad appearance in combination
of nature and settlement add diversity and richness to landscaping by exhibiting an idyllic
painting with its bovine and ovine animal communities, meadow-pasture areas, fruit gardens,
and color and texture differences.
In this context, the answer for the question: "What is the role of livestock activities on
landscape diversity and its impact on the environment?” is sought in the text. The aim of the
study is to demonstrate the visual effects of livestock activities on agricultural landscapes
sustainably. The study will be supported by literature survey, field observations and visual
materials.
Keywords: Landscape, Livestock, Landscape Diversity, Rural Settlements, Environment
83
84
BM8_O2819
National Breeding Program for Small Ruminants in Turkey
Ali Ayar1*
*: aliayar06@hotmail.com
1: Ministry Of Food Agriculture And Livestock, General Directorate Of Agricultural Research And Policies,
Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Turkey is one of the major goat and sheep breeding country in Europe. As a small ruminate,
there are a total of 31 million sheep and 11 million goats in the twenty sheep and seven goat
breeds. With a wide variation in breeding and yield parameters, a planned breeding
programme was not applied until 12 years ago.
Turkey goat population is mainly, composed of the Hair goat (97%) (Anatolian Black) and
sheep population are composed of Akkaraman and Morkaraman breeds (approximately 95%)
and rest of population consist of different breeds.
Turkish breeders are using sheep and goat for meat production primarily and milk production
at second aim. Goat production is distributed, especially at mountainous region of
Mediterranean, South-East Anatolia. Sheep production is localized central Anatolia, East and
South east Anatolia as extensive systems. In addition heavy nomadic systems and family
farming type farms localized in east and south east Anatolia. South-East Anatolia region
production systems are characterized as basically extensive and semi-extensive systems. On
the other hand last ten years private sector investment has been getting increase especially
west part of Turkey.
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (MFAL) has started National Sheep and Goat
Breeding Program with Breeders and Turkish Sheep and Goat Breeders Association. during
first stage, project is set up 2 breeds (Akkaraman Sheep and Angora Goat), five years later
expanded 12 sheep&goat breeds, 472 breeders and 80.000 animals. Due to project efficiency
and requests of breeders, now adays, It is continuing with 7000 breeders, 30 national sheep
and goat breeds and approximately 1.200.000 animals. This Project, carried out as a national
breeding program, has multi-partners (Breeders associations, Universities, Research Institutes
of MFAL) and aims to imporove native pure-breeds, increased yields and awareness of
breeders' record keeping.
Keywords: Small Ruminant, Milk And Meat Production, Sheep and Goat Breeding
85
BM8_O2704
National Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project and Breeder Association Collaboration
System in Turkey
Yusuf Kaplan1* Ali Ayar
1 KürĢat Alkoyak
1 Özden Sarıkaya
1
Önder Sözen1 Sezer Öz
1
*: yuskap_66@hotmail.com
1: Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, General Directorate Of Agricultural
Research And Policy , Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Turkey is one of important country for animal and plant diversity in terms of genetic
resources. Beside of genetic diversification, Turkey‟s animal population is significant and it
consists of approximately 31 million sheep, 10.3 million goats, 14.1 million cattle and 142
thousand Anatolian Water Buffalo (AWB). In parallel with demand of consumer and
increasing buffalo products, Turkey‟s buffalo population has started and stopped decrease
trend until 2011. To improve the AWB production, their breeders economic and social
situation and to develop AWB products, Turkish Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock
(MFAL) has started National Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project in 2011. Project has
embraced multi stakeholder approach with different partners such as Universities, Research
Institutes and Turkey Water Buffalo Breeders Association. In this project, while improving
AWB milk and meat characteristics, the consciousness of AWB breeders and developing
breeder association infrastructure is raising. In accordance with first five years results of
Breeding Project activities; project was carried out in 18 provinces in 3.740 farms with total
of 27.500 adult AWB actively. The first stage of the project carried out between 2011-2016
and second stage of the project will carry out between 2016-2021. The aim of this study is to
summarize the project and the results obtained with an overview about the world and in
Turkey‟s buffalo production and National Buffalo.
Keywords: Anatolian water buffalo, Buffalo breeding, Milk and meat
86
ANIMAL NUTRITION
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
87
BM8_O2632
Effects of Supplementing Lamb Diets with Different Grain Sources on Meat Color and
Chemical Composition of Longissimus Muscle
Hasan Hüseyin Uzkülekci1 Yusuf Konca
2* Mahmut Kaliber
3
*: yusufkonca@yahoo.com
1: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
2: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
3: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the color and chemical compositions of meat of lambs
that were fed diets supplemented from different grain sources. Sixteen Akkaraman breed
weaned male lambs (average initial body weight: 35.7 kg±6 kg) were used in this study.
Lambs were randomly divided into groups of 4 and fed the respective diets. These 4 diets
were: 1) 700 g/day pelleted concentrate feed + ad libitum chopped alfalfa hay (control diet,
group C); 2) control diet+ad libitum whole barley grain (group BG); 3) control diet + ad
libitum whole triticale grain (group TG); and 4) control diet+ad libitum whole corn grain
(group CG). The experimental diets were offered to lambs for 10 week, then all animals were
slaughtered (average body weight at slaughter: 55.6 kg±6.1 kg), and the color (lightness, L*;
redness, a*; and yellowness, b* values), pH (at 24 h after slaughter), dry matter content (DM),
crude protein (CP) and ash (CA) and ether extract (EE) of meat from
Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) were determined. No differences were found in terms of
meat pH, CP and CA contents for MLD (P>0.05). Also, meat L*, a* and b* values for MLD
were not significantly differ among treatment groups (P>0.05). There were significant
differences among the groups in terms of DM (P<0.05). While grain supplementation
increased EE content of meat, group CG had a higher percentage of EE in MLD than those of
the others (P<0.05). Finally, it was concluded that barley, triticale or corn grains offered with
concentrate feed+alfalfa hay during the fattening period had a minimal difference on meat
color and chemical composition of l. dorsi muscle of lambs.
Keywords: Lamb fattening, meat quality, grain type, barley, triticale, corn
88
BM8_O2798
Determination of Feed Value Characteristics of White Grape Pomace Silage
Levend Coskuntuna1* Uğur Boylu
2 Sevilay Gül
3
*: lcoskuntuna@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Dept. of Animal Science,
Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences Plant and Animal Production Dept. ,
Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine feed value of white grape pomace. For this purpose
taken from the white grape pomace Tekirdağ wine factory plastic bins filled with various
additives obtained by the addition of silage as a source of food availability were investigated.
Enzyme, Inokulants, Enzyme+Inokulants, Molasses and Formic acid was used as silage
additives. Silage as the fermantation Ph, Dry matter, Crude protein, Crude ash, Crude fiber,
Asid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and Acid detergent lignin (ADL)
analysis and microbiological analysis were conducted. In white grapes, these values
respectively after silage 3.60-3.69, %38.92-40.93, %9.74-10.20, %28.39-31.43, %7.09-9.03,
%52.24-52.69, %58.50-58.67, %41.82-42.09 that were found between. White grape found in
the values after aerobic stability, respectively 3.41-5.58, %43.84-44.70, %5.66-10.22,
%29.86-30.73, %17.24-17.87, %53.06-53.54, %59.91-60.25, %42.17-42.45 that was found to
be. In white grapes after silage additives used in the analysis of Dry Matter control, enzym,
enzym+ınoculant and formic acid is no significant difference between the statistical (P>0.05).
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University
Keywords: White grape pomace, silage, feed additive
89
BM8_O2670
Estimation of Rumen Degradability, Intestinal Digestibility and Protein Nutritional
Value of Bulgarian Sunflower Meals
Nikolai Todorov1*
*: ntodorov@tradel.net
1: Thracian University in Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein value for ruminant animals of
sunflower meals (SFM) produced in Bulgaria, for which there are no data.Three non-lactating
Jersey cows with an average body weight of 436 ± 18 kg, fitted with a fistula in the dorsal
rumen and a T-duodenal cannula were used to estimate rumen degradability and intestinal
digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). Samples of SFM were collected from
seven of the largest sunflower processing companies (SFM1 to SFM7).The SFM were
incubated in the rumen for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h in 6 replications.The values for the
rapidly degradable fraction а of DM ranged from 21% to 26%, and was significantly lower
for SFM5 (P<0.05). The effective degradability of DM of SFM at outflow rate k = 0.06
ranged from 54% to 59%.The fraction a of CP in all of the samples was within the ranges
from 21% to 28%, with a significantly higher value in SFM5 (P < 0.05).Effective
degradability of the CP of SFM at different outflow rates was relatively high (from 59% to
76%).The intestinal digestibility of the DM measured by mobile bag technique varied from
39% for SFM2 to 47% for SFM6.The values for intestinal digestibility of CP for SFM1 and
SFM3 (93%) were significantly higher than the other samples (P < 0.05).The average value
for protein digestible in the small intestine (PDI) according to the Bulgarian protein system, at
a rumen outflow rate 0.06/h, was 181 g/kg DM, and the balance of protein in the rumen(BPR)
was 124 g/kg DM.The result of the present study could be used in formulating rations for
ruminant animals.The data shows possibilities for improvement of the protein value of SFM
by changing toasting parameters and decreasing degradability in the rumen.
Keywords: Rumen degradability, intestinal digestibility, protein value, sunflower meal
90
BM8_O2685
Pectoralis Muscle Properties Of Turkey Poults Can Be Affected By The In Ovo And
Early Or Delayed Posthatch Feeding Of Branched-chain Amino Acids
Canan Kop Bozbay1* Nuh Ocak
2
*: cbozbay@ogu.edu.tr
1: EskiĢehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, EskiĢehir, Turkey
2: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
Abstract
To determine the effect of in ovo and early or delayed posthatch feeding of branched-chain
amino acids (BCAA, 3 L-leucine: 1 L-valine: 2 L-isoleucine) on pectoralis muscles (PM)
weight and muscle fiber properties at 21 d in turkey poults, a total of 216 newly hatched
poults were used. At 22 d 12 h of incubation, 1.5 ml of solutions prepared aseptically prepared
to contain 0% (sham control) or 0.2% BCAA in 0.9% saline was injected into the amnion to a
depth of about 15 mm. Upon hatch, poults from untreated eggs and saline-injected eggs were
allocated randomly to four treatments whereas all poults from BCAA-injected eggs served as
in ovo BCAA treatment. Hence, there were five nutrition treatments with three replicates
composed of control (C), immediately fed starter diet with BCAA (CBCAA), access feed and
water 48 h later (C48), access feed with BCAA and water 48 h later (C48BCAA) after
hatching and in ovo BCAA treatment (IOBCAA). The CBCAA poults had higher PM weight
compared to C and C48 poults (P<0.05). The PM weight of IOBCAA birds was higher than
those of C48 poults (P<0.05). Compared with the other treatments, the C48 treatment
increased Type IIB muscle fiber area (P<0.001). Type IIB and total number of fibers from
IOBCAA poults were higher than that from C48 birds (P<0.05). The proportion of Type I and
Type IIA muscle fibers of C48 poults was higher than in other treatment birds (P<0.001) and
those of C, IOBCAA and CBCAA poults (P<0.05), respectively. The proportion of Type IIB
muscle fibers decreased by the C48 treatment compared to other treatments (P<0.05). These
results indicated that the diet with CBCAA and IOBCAA improved the muscle development
and properties of muscle fibers of poults at an early age.
Keywords: poultry, hatching, in ovo feeding, early nutrition, amino acids
91
BM8_O2668
Effects of Magnesium Sources and Levels on Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat
Quality in Broiler
Rabia Göçmen1* GülĢah Kanbur
2 Yusuf Cufadar
3
*: rabiaacar@selcuk.edu.tr
1: Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Konya, Turkey
2: Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Konya, Turkey
3: Selcuk Üniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept of Animal Science, Konya, Turkey
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inorganic and organic sources and
levels of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on performance, carcass traits and meat quality in
broilers. A total of one day old 450 broiler chicks were used and assigned to six experiment
groups each having five replicate, randomly. There were 15 birds in each replicates. In the
experiment magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) was used as inorganic Mg source and magnesium
proteinate was used as organic Mg source. Experimental diets were supplemented provide 0
(control), 0.2 and 0.4 % Mg levels inorganic and organic Mg source of basal ration,
experiment period was six weeks. Supplemental Mg did not have significant effect on body
weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05). Carcass, liver and
wing weight and carcass yield was affected by source x level interaction effect (P<0.05).
Carcass weight and carcass yield of group organic*0.2 was higher than the other groups.
None of meat quality parameters (water holding capacity, cook loss, pH, meat colour
parameters) was not significantly effected by treatments.
Keywords: Broiler, magnesium, performance, carcass traits, meat quality
92
BM8_O2930
Effects of Liquorice root extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) use on quality parameters in
stored hen eggs
Kayahan Yılmaz1
Firdevs Korkmaz1 Aylin Ağma Okur
1
Emre Tahtabicen2 Hasan Ersin ġamlı
1
1 Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2 Namık Kemal University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
The study evaluates the efficacy of Liquorice root extracts (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in
preserving the internal quality of hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) eggs coated with them and
stored under room conditions of 21°C for 7-14 days. In other words, 50 eggs were collected
and used in 4 treatments (2 storage time x 2 coating of Liquorice root extracts+ 10 fresh eggs)
with 10 eggs examined in each.
In this study analyzed that internal and external egg quality parameters.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University
Keywords: Egg quality, storage time, Liquorice root extracts, hen
93
BM8_O2910
The Effect Of Diet Protein And Energy Level On Serum Biochemical Profile On Fat
Tail Anatolian Native Sheep Akkaraman
Necdet Ġlker Ġçil1 Esad Sami Polat
2*
*: epolat@selcuk.edu.tr
1: Bornova Veterinary Control Instute, Ġzmir, Turkey
2: Selcuk University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Animal Production, Konya, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine relationships between metabolic profile with diet in fat
tailed sheep flock. With this aim, twenty Akkaraman sheep out of six flocks, which gave birth
a year ago, are clinically healty, were chosen. From the sheep chosen; between 115-125th
days of pregnancy and on postpartum period, serums were handled from blood which was
taken through V. Jugularis. Glucose, t. protein, globülin, albümin, BUN, t. cholesterol, AST
and GGT, which were analysed, creates biochemical parameters. On each physiological
periods, for each metobolite with one flock average values which were provided from whole
flocks, were compared using Z test and for concerned metabolite, unlike statistically averages
values, different flocks were determined. While Different flocks were coded as DA, the ones,
which are not different, were coded as IA. The relationships between diet compounds and
metabolic profile were determined through regression analysis. According the F value which
is handled with varians analysis interactions between diet compounds in DA group and serum
biochemical profile were detected more meaningful than the group IA which was created as a
different group. While cholesterol has strongest relationship with diet energy, BUN was the
best reflector of diet crude protein level.
Keywords: fat tailed sheep, metabolic profile, akkaraman
94
BM8_O2669
Rumen Degradability, Intestinal Digestibility and Nutritive Value for Ruminants of
Bulgarian and Romanian Rapeseed Meal
Nikolai Todorov1*
*: ntodorov@tradel.net
1: Thracian University in Stara Zagora, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Abstract
The rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of rapeseed meal (RSM) produced in
Bulgarian (Astra Bioplant Ltd, Rosse) and in Romania (Expur Ltd, Sobozia) was determined.
Three non-lactating Jersey cows with a body weight of 436 ± 18 kg, fitted with rumen fistula
and T-duodenal cannula were used. Three batches from each factory were taken in interval of
20 - 30 days in Bulgaria (RSMb-1, RSMb-2, RSMb-3) and in Romania (RSMr-1, RSMr-2,
RSMr-3). RSM were incubated in the rumen for 0, 2, 4, 8, 14, 24 and 48 in 6 replications. The
effective degradability of DM was significantly (P<0.05) low for RSMr-3 than for other
samples. The results for rapidly degradable fraction a of CP for all the batches of Bulgarian
RSM (26 to 30%) were significantly higher than those of Romanian RSM (P<0.05). The
values for potentially degradable CP fraction b varied between 66.and 73% without any
significance for either factories or batches (P>0.05).The effective degradability of CP at
different outflow rates for all the batches of Bulgarian RSM were approximately 4% higher
than those for Romanian batches (P<0.05). The intestinal digestibility of DM determined by
mobile bag technique was higher for RSMb-3 compared to other batches of RSM. The values
for intestinal digestibility of CP varied between 74% (RSMr-1) and 80% (RSMb-2), without
any significant difference (P>0.05). Protein digestible in intestine (PDI) at outflow rate 0.06/h
according Bulgarian feed evaluation system is 165 g/kg DM for RSMb, and 171 g/kg DM for
RSMr. The balance of protein in rumen (BPR) was respectively 111 and 82 g/kg DM of RSM.
There is room for improvements of protein nutritive values especially for Bulgarian RSM.
The established protein nutritive values could be used instead of published data from other
countries.
Keywords: Rumen degradability, intestinal digestibility, protein nutritional value, rapeseed
mea
95
BM8_O2703
The Determination of Feeding Value of Dried Seedless Olive Pulp With In vivo
Digestion Method*
Kadir Cem Akbay1* Ġbrahim Ak
2
*: kcakbay@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science , Bursa, Turkey
The aim of this research, adding economical value to olive cake and olive mill waste water
which is by-product of olive oil processing. In order to determine the content of acquired
seedless dry olive pulp (SDOP) from different production systems, like chemical composition
and feed value, and rumen parameters, the animals fed by SDOP.
Research had been conducted in two stages. In the first stage, chemical composition of 2 and
3 phased SDOP were determined. The values of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), organic
matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF),
acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF) and acid detergent insoluble lignin (ADL) in 2 phased
SDOP were determined respectively as 88.42%, 11.16%, 77.26%, 7.50%, 15.63%, 46.77%,
42.92%, 16.38%. The composition of 2 phased SDOP‟s important oil acid contained, 13.65%
palmitic acid (PA), 2.08% stearic acid(SA), 67.46% oleic acid(OA), 11.76% linoleic acid
(LA) and 0.64% α-linoleic acid (α-LA). The values of DM, CA, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and
ADL in 3 phased SDOP were determined respectively as 88.15%, 3.69%, 84.46%, 9.03%,
17.10%, 61,46%, 52,27%, 19,90%. The composition of 3 phased SDOP‟s important oil acid
contained 10.66% PA, 2.07% SA, 54.71% OA, 11.05% LA and 0.74% α-LA.
In the second stage of the research, two phased in vivo digestion trial had been applied. The
digestion degrees of average DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF in 2 phased SDOP‟s were
determined respectively as 38.89%, 34.39%, 13.23%, 82.61%, 59.3% and 37.18%.
Three phased SDOP‟s values of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF were determined
respectively as 22.05%, 20.93%, 11.04%, 81.84%, 58.75% and 29.72%.
Consequently, a high content of crude oil and other nutrient content of the roughage in the
sense of use in animal feeds which may be like the products their unique acceptable source of
feed.
Keywords: Seedless dry olive pulp, in vivo digestion method, ruminant
96
BM8_O2775
Determination of Metabolic Parameters in Early Peaking Dairy Cows
Cangir Uyarlar1 Emine Hesna Kandır
2 Sadi Cetingul
3 Mehmet Yardımcı
4
Eyüp Eren Gültepe5* Ġsmail Bayram
6
*: eegultepe@gmail.com
1: Afyon Kocatepe University, Dept. of Animal Nutrition And Nut. Disorders, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
2: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Wildlife and Ecology, Afyonkarahisar,
Turkey
3: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Afyonkarahisar,
Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
5: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Vet. Med., Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders,
Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
6: Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Animal Nutrition, Afyonkarahisar,
Turkey
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to describe differences on the fatty acid and carbohydrate
regulation of liver metabolism between early peaking and normal peaking cows. Twenty
Holstein cows were used in this study. The cows was classified different two groups. First
group, called "early peak", was included 10 cows which reached peak yield within 15 days.
Second group, called "late peak", was included 10 cows which reached peak yield within 60
days. All cows were consumed same diet. Blood samples were collected from all cows on 0th,
15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days of lactation. ALT, AST, GGT, Total Cholesterol,
Triglycerides, BHBA (Betahydroxybutiric acids) and NEFA (Non Esterified Fatty Acids)
analyses were performed on serum samples. Milk yield were achieved from Dairy Plan Herd
Management Systems (Gea Farm Tech/Germany). Serum AST, ALT and Total Cholesterol
concentrations were showed no significant differences between the groups. Serum NEFA,
BHBA and GGT concentrations were determined significantly higher (p<0.01) in early peak
group than normal peak group. Also, serum TG concentrations were determined significantly
higher (p<0.05) in normal group than early group. Milk yield was increased both of groups
over time (p<0.001). Milk yield of early group was calculated significantly higher (p<0.001)
at first week. These findings are suggest that rapidly reaching of peak milk yield was affected
negatively to liver metabolism. In this situations, influence of negative energy balance was
increased and predisposition of diseases originated energy metabolism as ketosis was went
up.
97
Keywords: Dairy cow, transition period, liver metabolism, ketosis
98
BM8_O2905
Aphids And Their Densities On Forage Plants In Diyarbakir Province
Selime Ölmez Bayhan1* Erol Bayhan
1
*: solmezbayhan@gmail.com
1: Dicleuniversity, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept of Plant Protection, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out during 2015 and 2016 in Çınar District of Diyarbakır province, for
surveying the aphis species and their density. The aphids were collected by -infested leaves of
livestock plants. The samples were taken by scanning the forage plants at this location. The
samples were taken into 70% alcohol and then the preparation process was carried out. Three
species belonging to the Aphididae family were identified as the result of the study. These
species are Acyrthosiphon pisum L., Aphis fabae Scopoli and Aphis craccivora Koch species.
Among these, Acrythosiphon pisum was identified as the most dense species.
Keywords: Diyarbakır, aphid, forage plants
99
BM8_O2900
Effect of Black Carrot Supplementation to Diet Oon Performance and Egg Yolk Color
In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
Ugur Temiz1* Yusuf Konca
2
*: ugur_temiz05@hotmail.com
1: University Of Amasya, Vocational School Of Suluova , Amasya, Turkey
2: Erciyes University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of black carrot (Daucus carota)
supplementation to quail diets on performance, egg quality and yolk color. A total of 180
quails at 8 weeks of age were used in the study. Quails were divided 6 treatment groups with
10 replicates and three quail each subgroup. Treatments were as follows; 1: Control (C, no
supplementation), 2: 0.5% dried black carrot (DBC) addition to C ration, 3: 1% DBC addition
to the C ration 4: 2% DBC addition to the K ration 5: 4% DBC addition to the C ration 6: a
commercial colorant (CC, red: yellow ratio 20: 5) addition to the C ration was used. The
treatments did not affect final body weight (BW) and BW change of qauils (P>0.05). Feed
consumption (FC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly affected by the treatments,
and in the CC group‟s FC was highest and FCR was lower than those of other groups
(P<0.01). The highest egg production and shell weight values were obtained in CC group
(P<0.01). In the CC group‟s the egg yolk brightness value (L*) were varied different periods;
the redness (a*), choroma (C*) and hue angel (H*) values generally higher than those of other
groups; yellowness (b*) were significantly higher in group in the C group (P<0.05). In
conclusion, there were no significant improvements in the FC, FCR, EP, and egg yolk L *, a
*, b* C* and H * values via black carrot addition to quail diets compared to CC group.
Keywords: Quail, black carrot, performance, egg quality
100
BM8_O2806
Isolation And Molecular Characterization Of Enteroviruses From Cattle
Nüvit CoĢkun1* Feray Alkan
2
*: nuvitcoskun@gmail.com
1: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine Dept. Virology, Ankara, Turkey
2: Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Viroloji Ad., Ankara, Turkey
Absract
Enteroviruses (EV- A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and J) belong to the genus Enterovirus of
Picornaviridae family and have wide range host spectrum from humans to dolphins. Bovine
enteroviruses are classified in groups Enterovirus E and F. There are a lot of reports on
molecular detection from humans but few studies have been reported on animal sources.
These viruses have generally subclinical or mild infection onset. However there are cases
which they cause severe disease of respiratory, genital or alimentary tract.
In this study we aimed to report the molecular characterization of enteroviruses those
were detected in faeces from different herds in Turkey. Using reverse transcription (RT)-
PCR with a primer pair spesific to 5‟UTR region, the enterovirus samles were tested.
Following the isolation of field viruses using Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell
line, further molecular studies was carried on for VP1 region, which is the main site that is
used for classification of enterovirus serotypes.
As the result of molecular analysis of isolated viruses was found to be in Enterovirus E
genogroup. As there is limited information on enteroviruses of ruminants more reports are
needed to build a database to deeply understand its importance in the diagnostic algorithms
for enteric disease and the genetic similarity/diversity among viruses from different animal
species.
Keywords: Bovine enteroviruses, RT-PCR,virus isolation, molecular characterization
101
BM8_O2939
Investigation of Presence of Some Significant Viruses Causing Abortions Among Cattle
in Turkey
Onur Ülgenalp1* B. Taylan Koç
2 T. Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu
3
*: onur_ulgenalp@yahoo.com
1: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey
2: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Aydin, Turkey
3: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, City, Turkey
Abstract
Object: Viral agents causing abortions and fetal abnormalities are very important in terms of
both economical and yield losses in livestock industry. In Turkey, some significant viruses
(Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Akabane virus) causing these symptoms have been
detected and identified many times. Investigation of presence and prevalence of mentioned
viruses have crucial importance for keeping up-to-date of status of these infections and
developing of control and prevention programs. In this context, we aimed to investigate status
of these viruses in some small family farms have previously seemed abortions and some
clinical reproductive problems in this study. We also investigated Bovine Parvoviruses
(BPV) as addition to this viruses.
Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from cattle (n=50)
mentioned farms (n=3). Viral nucleic acids were extracted by using commercial kits. For
BVDV and Akabane diagnosis, cDNAs (complementary DNAs) were generated with
commercial kit (First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit, Fermentas). Polymerase Chain Reactions
(PCR) were performed with relevant primer pairs for each virus.
Results: We have detected BVDV in one animal (from Farm 2) that has been mentioned about
abortion cases in its anamnesis. We have not detected any positivity in terms of Akabane virus
and BPV infections.
Conclusion: In this study, we determined only BVDV positivity in one animal in one farm.
Our results has also showed one more time that necessity of control and prevention program
for BVDV infection should be developed based on vaccination and elimination of persistently
infected animals in Turkey. Additionally, it should be not forgotten to investigate bacterial
and parasitic infections besides virus infections in abortions and reproductive failure cases.
*Presenter author **All Authors have contributed equally to the study.
3Corresponding author
Keywords: Abortion, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Cattle, PCR
102
BM8_O2830
Fertility Traits of Karacabey Merino Ewes Grazed on Wheat Stubble and Sorghum Sudan-grass
Pastures at Mating Period
Hülya Hanoğlu Oral1* Ergenekon Oguz
2 Fırat Alatürk
3 Cemil Tölü
4
Ahmet GökkuĢ5 Altıngül Özaslan Parlak
6
*: hanogluhulya@hotmail.com
1: Sheep Breeding Research Institute, Bandırma/Balıkesir, Turkey
2: Sheep Breeding Research Institituon, Balikesir, Turkey
3: Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Field Crops Science, Canakkale, Turkey
4: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
5: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Field Crops Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
6: Crop Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
Abstract
It is quite significant that feeding ewes and rams in breeding season to obtain higher fertility
and decrease infertility of ewes. Sheep are traditionally grazed on wheat stubble after grain is
harvested from June to September. As an alternative to traditional stubble grazing, sorghum-
sudan grass pastures can be established in dry summer periods. This research was conducted
to investigate the fertility traits of Karacabey Merino Ewes grazed on wheat stubble and
Sorghum Sudan-grass pastures during summer dry periods of mating period. The study was
carried out with 24 Karacabey Merino ewes and 2 rams at 2 years old. In sorghum Sudan-
grass pastures, sheep (4 Karacabey merino ewes and 1 Karacabey merino ram x 3
replications) freely grazed in each plot for two-and-a half months (July- August-September)
when the plants had 50-75 cm heights. Similar grazing treatments were also performed over
wheat stubble. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using MINITAB program, and
means were compared using Duncan‟s multiple range test at the P ≤ 0.05 level. The characters
calculated by the number of ewes at mating as pregnancy and birth rates and the characters
calculated by the number of ewes which gave birth as single and twin birth rates and litter size
for ewes grazed on wheat stubble were 100%, 100%, 92%, 17%, 1.25 and for ewes grazed
Sorghum Sudan-grass pastures were 100%, 100%, 67%, 25% and 1.17 respectively. The
nutritional quality of stubble is low, owing to low nitrogen content and digestibly. However,
stubble lands sometimes have increasing feed quality because of quite high grain losses
during the harvest.
103
Keywords: Wheat Stubble, Sorgumsudan Grass, Sheep Grazed, Fertility Traits, Karacabey
Merino
104
BM8_O2942
The Effects of Supplementation of Enzyme Combination on Performance, Intestinal Histology
and Microbiota of Male Broilers
Ġsa CoĢkun1 Aydın Altop
2 Firdevs Korkmaz
3* Hayrettin Çayıroğlu
4
A. Gül Filik5 Hüseyin Çayan
6 Ahmet ġahin
7 Güray Erener
8 H. Ersin ġamlı
9
*: fkorkmaz@nku.edu.tr
1: Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kirsehir, Turkey
5: Ahi Evran University,faculty of Acriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, KirĢehir, Turkey
6: Ahi Evran University Agricultral Faculty Department of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
7: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept.of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
8: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
9: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ , Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation commercial enzyme
combination (EC) addition on the 42-day growth performance, internal organ development,
ileal histology and intestinal microbiota of male broilers. A total of 225 ROSS 308 male
broiler chickens were used at 1 day of age, including 3 treatment groups in each treatment
group, 5 replicates in each treatment group and 15 in each treatment group. The treatment
groups in the study were: 1) control, 2) 300 ppm EC addition to drinking water, and 3) 300
ppm EC addition to ration. Commercial broiler diet was used in the research. The enzyme
combination was daily mixed daily for animal‟s drinking water and diet (300 ppm total, 20
ppm for each animal). The study lasted 42 days. At the end of the study, there were no
statistically significant effects of EC additions on 42-day performance parameters, inner organ
development, ileum histology and caecum lactic acid bacteria colonization of broiler chickens
(P > 0.05). Supplementation of EC via drinking water and diet EC increased the number of
total live bacteriaand decreased the number of Enterobacter in the gut of animals. At the end
of the study, it was determined that supplementation of EC in diet and drinking water had no
adverse effects on the 42-day performance parameters.
Keywords: Enzyme combination, performance, intestinal histology, intestinal microbiota,
broilers
105
BM8_O2674
The Effects of Humate and Yeast Cell Wall Supplementation on The Performance,
Some Blood Parameters and Gut Microflora of Japanese Quail
(Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
Görkem Yanık1
Mevlüt Günal1* Serkan Özkaya
1
*: mevlutgunal@sdu.edu.tr
1: Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the effects of yeast cell wall extract and humate
supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and blood parameters of Japanese quail
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) from a day old to 42 days of age. Two hundred mixed sex
Japanese quail chicks were divided into four treatment groups each consisting of 50 chicks.
Dietary treatments were respectively: basal diet (as a control), basal diet + humate 2 g/kg
feed, basal diet + yeast cell wall extract 2 g/kg feed and basal diet + humate 2 g/kg feed +
yeast cell wall extract 2 g/kg feed. The humate and yeast cell wall extract alone or their
combination did not significantly effect (P>0.05) live weight, live weight gain, feed
consumption, feed conversion and mortalityat 0-21, 22-42 and 0-42 days of age. Cecal
microflora, carcass and some blood parameters were determined at 42th
days. Humate and
yeast cell wall alone or a humate-yeast cell wall extract combination did not affect
(P>0.05) the carcass yield and some relative organ weights. Treatments had no effect
(P>0.05) on cecal population of Coliform, Lactobacillus and E. coli bacteria. However,
humate and humate-yeast cell wall extract combination reduced (P<0.05) serum total
cholesterol concentration while yeast cell wall supplementation tended to reduce. There were
no differences (P>0.05) on serum triglyceride, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase,
aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, total protein concentrations among the groups.
The study showed that supplementation of humate and yeast cell wall extract alone or in a
combination to quail diet does not improve performance and cecal microflora of Japanese
quail under the conditions in the present study. The present study suggests that new
approaches are required for studying the efficacy of these additives.
Keywords: Humate, yeast cell wall, performance, gut microflora, blood parameters, Japanese
quail
106
ANIMAL NUTRITION
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
107
BM8_P2804
The Microalgae and Importance for Poultry Feeding
Hüseyin Çayan1 Aydın Altop
2 Firdevs Korkmaz
3* Ġsa CoĢkun
4
*: fkorkmaz@nku.edu.tr
1: Ahi Evran University Agricultral Faculty, Department of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
Abstract
The microalgae include important food substances for aquatic animals in aquaculture and
human health as well as have biological and ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems
additionally. Numerous microalgae species are used in industrial purposed biotechnological
studies and animal feeding for their high protein, beta-carotene, unsaturated fatty acid,
vitamin and pigment contents. Commercial microalgae and the most important pigments they
contain; beta-carotene (Dunaliella salina, Scenedesmus acutus), phycocyanin (Spirulina sp.),
Astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis), chlorophyll b, cellular xanthophyll (Nannochloropsis
oculata). Haematococcus pluvaris is a single-celled microalgae, which synthesizes
astaxanthin in stress conditions such as excessive light, high temperature, and nutrient
deficiency. Astaxanthin; is a natural carotenoid pigment with high antioxidant capacity.
Thus, antioxidant activity of astaxanthin is reported to be 500 times more effective than
Vitamin E, 10 times more effective than beta-carotene (vitamin A) 6000 times stronger than
vitamin C and 4 times more effective than lutein. Astaxanthin acts as an antioxidant to protect
cells against free radicals such as hydroxyl and peroxyl. It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-
bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-regulating effects. Astaxanthin is an
alternative feed additive in poultry feeding studies with its high antioxidant capacity, although
it is a natural coloring matter, as consumer preferences are at the forefront. In this review, the
significance of astaxanthin, using of areas and importance of animal nutrition will be
examined in light of the literature.
Keywords: Broiler, performance, astaxanthin
108
BM8_P2622
The Effect of Storage Periods and Vacuum Treatments on Silage Quality in Vacuum-
packed Bags Silage
Fulya Tan1*
*: ftan@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystem Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Ensiling is a common preservation method for forage crops. Different technologies are used
in silage making. Vacuum-packed polythene bags silage are preferred in Turkey recently.
Because, this silages has a longer storage period and higher nutrient content.
The aim of the project was to determine effect of vacuum treatments on dry matter loss and
silage quality in vacuum-packed polythene bags at the five years storage periods.
In the experiment was made 3 vacuum treatments (0.07mPa, 0.1mPa and -0.1mPa). CAS CVP
260 PD type a vacuum-packing machine was used. In all experiments, the chopped material
was packed into polythene bags (dimensions 200x250 mm). Vacuum-packed bag silages were
opened after at the end of one year of ensiling and end of five years of ensiling. Dry matter
loss and silage quality affected by at the storage periods and vacuum treatments (P<0.05).
Keywords: Vacuum, silage, storage period, bag silage, dry matter, silage quality
109
BM8_P2940
Effect some plants extract against Esscherichia coli and Salmonella sp.
Cansu ÖKSEL1 Firdevs KORKMAZ*
2 Hasan Ersin ġAMLI
2 Mustafa MĠRĠK
3
1Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Plant Protection
2Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science
3Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Plant Pathology
*fkorkmaz@nku.edu.tr
Abstract
The present study describes in vitro antimicrobial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra, eremurus
spectabilis, propolis and apricot karnel paste. Escherichia coli and salmonella sp. Were used
as test organism. Antimicrobial activity was tested by paper disc diffusion method. Bacterial
cultures were growth on nutrient agar one day at 37 C in 24-hour and suspend in nutrient
broth and that contraction adjuster to 0.5 Mc Farland standard tube. 100 µl of the bacterial
suspension was spread on 9 cm diameter petri dishes containing nutrient agar medium. Sterile
paper discs (diameter 5 mm) were put on the medium and 20, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 µl of
each extract was dropped on the discs. Sterile water was used for negative control. All plates
were incubated at 37 C for one day. The diameter of the clear zone around the disc was
measured as millimeters.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University
Keywords: Esscherichia coli, Salmonella sp., antimicrobial activity.
110
BM8_P2800
Determination Feed Value of Alfalfa Hay
Levent ÇoĢkuntuna*1
, Ebru Ünalp2, Sevilay Gül
3
*: lcoskuntuna@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.
2: Namık Kemal University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ,
Turkey.
3: Namık Kemal University,Vocational School of Technical Sciences Plant And Animal Production Dept. ,
Tekirdağ, Turkey.
Abstract
This study, which is crop alfalfa in different cutting and growth stages of vegetation was
organized with the aim of determining the nutrient content. Alfalfa hay, beginning of
flowering, full flowering and pod mount, and each including three different vegetation period
by maintaining vegetation period has been harvested in the fifth form. Alfalfa samples used in
this study, CP, ADF, NDF, ADL values for detection of chemical analysis as applied to the
producer and dried alfalfa grown in nutrient content were determined. As a result, alfalfa
samples of the HP of 19.34 with 9.71%, NDF 46.12 with 61.16 %, ADF 36.19 with 49.42 %
and ADL 7.28 with 13.32 % change of content was observed. According to the results
obtained in terms of animal feeding alfalfa seed harvested in the beginning of flowering is
concluded that to obtain high-quality roughage.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University
Keywords: Alfalfa hay, feed , NDF, ADF, ADL
111
BM8_P2773
The Effects of Lactic Acid Bacterial and Enzymes Inoculants on The Fermentation and
Aerobic Stability of Red Grape Pomace Silages
M. Levent Özdüven1* Fisun Koç
2 Berrin Okuyucu
3 G.Yağmur Atmaca
4
*: lozduven@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of lactic acid bacteria and enzyme mixture
inoculants as silage additives as silage additives on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and in
vitro organic matter digestibility of red grape pomace silages. Two lactic acid bacterial
inoculants with enzymes (LAB+enzymes I: Pediococcus pentosaceus, Propionibacterium
freudenreichii with β-glucanase, xylanase and galactomannanase; LAB+enzyme II:
Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Streptococcus faecium with cellulase,
hemicellulase, pentosanase, and amylase) were used as silage additives. Inoculants were
applied to the silages at 6.00 log10 cfu/g levels. After treatment, red grape pomace was ensiled
in 1.0-liter special anaerobic jars, equipped with a lid enabling gas release only. The jars were
stored at 20±2°C under the laboratory conditions. Three jars from each group were sampled
for chemical and microbiological analysis 60th
day after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling
period all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 5 days. In addition, in vitro
organic matter digestibility of these silages was determined. Both lactic acid bacteria and
enzymes inoculants improved the fermentation characteristics of red grape pomace silages.
However, there were no significant differences among the groups in terms of dry matter,
crude protein, acetic acid, crude ash, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and cellulose
content (P>0.05). At the end of the ensiling period inoculants increased the lactobacilli
numbers of the silages. However, LAB+enzymes I inoculant led to higher CO2 production
and impaired the aerobic stability of the silages. The in vitro organic matter digestibility of the
red grape pomace silages were increased by the lactic acid bacteria and enzymes treatment.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University
Keywords: Fermentation, aerobic stability, inoculant, red grape pomace
112
BM8_P2786
The Effects Oof Cell Wall and Starch Degrading Enzymes on The Fermentation,
Aerobic Stability and Nutritive Value of Vetch-oat Silages
Mehtap Özkan1 Berrin Okuyucu
2 Mehmet Levent Özdüven
3* Fisun Koç
4
*: lozduven@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of cell wall and starch degrading enzymes
on the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro organic matter digestibility
(OMD), relative feed values (RFV) of vetch- oat mixture silages. Vetch-oat mixtures were
harvested at early bloom- milking stage. Cellulase, hemicellulase and pentosanase (SILAID,
Global Nutritech, TR) were used as cell wall and starch degrading enzymes. The enzymes
were applied to vetch-oat mixtures at a rate of 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg fresh forage. Forages were
packed into vacuum-sealed, nylon-polyethylene bags per treatment. The packages were stored
at 20±2 °C under laboratory conditions. Three packages from each group were sampled
chemical and microbiological analysis 70th
day after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period
all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 5 days. In addition, enzymatic
solubility of organic matter, and relative feed value of these silages was determined. As a
result of cell wall and starch degrading enzymes improved of fermentation characteristics,
decreased neutral detergent fiber content and increased in vitro organic matter digestibility
and relative feed value, but did not affect aerobic stability vetch-oat silages.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University.
Keywords: Vetch-oat silage, enzyme, fermentation, aerobic stability, nutritive value
113
BM8_P2791
The Effects of Wheat Bran and Molasses as Silage Additives on the Fermentation and In
Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility of Caramba Mix (lolium Multiflorum C.v Caramba
Mix) Silages
Sevilay Gül1* Levend Coskuntuna
2 M. Levent Özdüven
3
Fisun Koç4 Berrin Okuyucu
5
*: sgul@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences Plant and Animal Production Department ,
Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemam University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
5: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Roughages are indispensable forages sources in livestock. There has been a lack of high
quality roughage for ruminants. Recently Caramba mix (Lolium multiflorum c.v Caramba
mix) has been so popular as a feed crop. This study was carried out determine the effects
wheat bran and molasses as silage additive on the fermentation and in vitro organic matter
digestibility of Caramba mix silage. Caramba mix harvested and ensiled in 1.0 liter special
anaerobic jars. Chemical, microbiological analyses and in vitro cellulase method were
conducted on the silage which was opened on the 60 th
after it was ensiled. According to the
analysis; dry matter content of control, 5% wheat bran, 10% wheat bran, 5% molasses and
10% molasses groups was 27.00, 28.44, 33.93, 32.67 and 30.61%; pH value 5.32, 4.89, 4.56,
4.62 and 4.39; crude protein content 14.59, 13.03, 16.23, 14.75 and 16.42%,, respectively.
In conclusion, it was evaluated that cheamical, and microbiological qualities increase with the
addition of wheat bran and molasses to the Caramba mix silage.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Caramba mix, silage, silage molasses, wheat bran, digestibility
114
BM8_P2907
Effect of Wheat Bran and Pudding Added to Alfalfa Silage on Fermentation , Aerobic
Stability and In Vitro Digestibility
Gülbahar Malhatun Çotuk1 Sibel Soycan Önenç
2*
*: ssonenc@nku.edu.tr
2: Namık Kemal University Faculty oOf Agriculture, Dept. Animal Sci., Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of pudding can not be used in the food
undustry by-products as wheat bran on the silage fermantation and aerobic stability of alfalfa
silages. Alfalfa was harvested at early bloom stage in October and wilted for about 3 hours.
Pudding was applied 50 g/kg levels. Alfalfa was ensiled in plastic bags. The packages were
stored at 16±2 °C under laboratory conditions. Three packages from each group were sampled
physical, chemical and microbiological analysis 60th
day after ensiling. At the end of the
ensiling period all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 7 days. In addition,
enzimatic solubility of organic matter, metabolizable energy and relative feed value of these
silages was determined.
In the study, the alternative carbohydrate source was that, they was food industry wastes has
positively affected the chemical and microbiological properties of silages. Particularly, in the
silage increased amount of water-soluble carbohydrates was a source for the development of
lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Therefore, the conversion of sugars to lactic acid has increased,
which was pH reduction. But, in the increased pH was showed lower counts of undesired
organisms (enterobacteria, yeast and mould). In addition, it increased the amount of organic
matter dissolved in the enzyme and the ME content in vitro. Similarly, the amount of
digestible dry matter, relative feed value and dry matter consumption have also increased.
As a result of 50 g/kg pudding increased characteristics of fermantation of alfalfa silages. The
relative feed value is affected positively.
1 This study was taken from Master thesis.
2correspoder autor, ssonenc@nku.edu.tr.
University of Namık Kemal, Faculty of Agriculure, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ
-Turkey.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Alfalfa silage, silage fermentation, pudding, silage additive, digestibility
115
116
BM8_P2916
The Role of Hormones and Metabolites on Regulation of Feed Intake in Animal
Sibel Soycan Önenç1*
*: ssonenc@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. Animal Sci., Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Animal feed intake and energy balance is an important in digestive physiology. Control
mechanisms of feed intake and feeding behavior were discovered using different techniques.
Many of these control mechanisms involve molecular signals from the periphery to the central
nervous system (CNS), including glocose, triglycerides, leptin, insülin, amylin, enterostatin,
ghrelin and cholecystokinin released from different tissues.
The anorectic hormones leptin, insülin and the orexigenic hormone ghrelin act on specific
receptors on neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. First identified as an
endogenous growth hormone secretatogue, ghrelin is powerful orexigen recently recognized
as a regulator of feed intake and energy balance. Ghrelin is mainly secreted from the stomach
and its plasma levels rise during fasting or weight loss and decrease after feding. It has been
shown that ghrelin stimulates appetite and feed intake when it peripherally or centrally
administered to humans and animal. Recently, cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to
inhibit the orexigenic effect of peripheral ghrelin. Leptin is an adiposity signal secreted into
the plasma in proportion to the body fat stores.
Insulin is pancreatic hormone cosecreted with amylin into the blood during meals. It is highly
efficacious in reducing feed intake and body weigth when infused chronically by peripheral
and central administration. Insulin receptors have been located in the ARC and insülin, like
leptin, exerts its catabolic action by stimulating the hypotalamic melanocortin system. Insulin
and leptin both seem to reduce feed intake at least in part by increasing the hindbrain response
to the stating signal CCK. Leptin seems to enhance the satiation response to CCK also by
acting directly on the same vagal afferent neurons. Many studies reported that interaction
between CCK and ghrelin, leptin, and insülin and because of the modulation of CCK‟s
satiating effect by endogenous amylin.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Feed intake, feeding behavior, anorectic hormone, orexigenic hormone
117
BM8_P2675
Some Morphological Characteristics of Rhododendron L. Growing in The Natural Flora
of the Black Sea Region
ġeref Cınbırtoğlu1 Recep Sirali
2* Feyzullah Konak
3
*: rsirali@nku.edu.tr
1: Ordu Apiculture Research Institute, Ordu, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Zootechnical Department, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Ordu Apiculture Research Institute, Ordu, Turkey
Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) need nectar and pollen to survive. When nectar is used as an
energy source and pollen also meets the protein need. The main source of nectar and pollen is
the various plant species that grow in nature.
This study has been carried out in the yellow flowering rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum
S.), purple flowering rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.) and white flowering
rhododendron (Rhododendron ungernii T.) which grow in the natural areas in the Central and
Eastern Blacksea Regions in Turkey.
In May and June, during the flowering period of the rhododendrons in the Black Sea Region,
samples were collected doing field surveys. According to the Wodehouse Method, reference
preparations were prepared from the pollen collected from the pollen vesicles of the
rhododendrons in the 6 cities of the region (Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Rize and
Artvin). The reference preparations were investigated with a light microscope and data were
obtained by measuring the single pollen width, single pollen height and all lengths (μm) of the
pollen.
It can be seen that there are differences in pollen sizes when the results of some
morphological features determined in previous researches are compared with the findings of
this study. It is envisaged that these differences may result from the factors such as the
samples taken from the regions or the time the measurement is made.
Keywords: Apis mellifera l., ericaceae, rhododendron, pollen, blacksea region
118
BM8_P2630
Effects of Different Calcium Nonphytate Phosphorus Levels on the Blood Parameters of
Broilers
Ahmet Akdağ1*
*: Ahmeta@ogu.edu.tr
1: Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Eskişehir, Turkey
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of different calcium (Ca) and nonphytate
phosphorus (NPP) levels on some blood parameters of broilers. Four hundred and eighty 1-d-
old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments with 5 replicate pens.
Three diets were arranged for starter (d 0-21, 3 levels Ca-NPP at 1.05-0.49, 0.95-0.44 and
0.85-0.41%), and grower (d 22-42, 3 levels Ca-NPP at 0.87-0.42, 0.78-0.38 and 0.69-0.34%).
The diets were fed as mash. To determine the Ca, P concentration, alanine transaminase
(ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in blood serum
ten birds (5 male, 5 female) representing the average weight of the group (± 5%) were
selected from each group. Blood samples were collected during slaughter at 42 days of age.
There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in Ca, P concentration and AST, ALT
activities in blood serum, with the exception that the ALP activity (P<0.05). Based on the data
it can be concluded that increased ALP concentration in birds fed diets containing, d 0-21,
%0.95 Ca and %0.44 NPP, d 22-42, %0.78 Ca and %0.38 NPP indicates that tissue and bone
damages has been higher in this group.
Keywords: Blood parameters, broiler, calcium, phosphorus
119
BM8_P2898
Effects of Soy Oil, Marrow Oil and Antioxidant Supplementation to Laying Hen Diets
on Performance and Egg Quality Traits
Yusuf Konca1* Mahmut Kaliber2 Selma Buyukkılıç Beyzi3 Savaş Sariozkan4
Tahseen Fatima Miano5 Atalay Kahraman6
*: yusufkonca@yahoo.com
1: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
2: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
3: University Of Erciyes Faculty Of Agriculture Dep. of Animal Sci., Kayseri, Turkey
4: Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty , Kayseri, Turkey
5: Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey, Hyderabad, Pakistan
6: Kayseri Yem Fabrikası, Erkilet Yolu Üzeri, Kayseri, Turkey
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to determine effects of soy oil, marrow oil and antioxidant
supplementation to layer diets on performance, egg quality, and serum antioxidant status. A
total of 192 54-weeks-old laying hens were divided four treatment groups with two layer
strains (Nick chick and Dekalb are white egg layer hens), 8 replicate (24 hens in each
treatment group). Each strain diets contained soy oil, marrow oil and antioxidant (Oxifarm®)
supplementation in a factorial design. The treatment groups as follows: 1) soy oil (SO), 2)
Marrow oil (MO), 3) SO + antioxidant and 4) MO + antioxidant. Feed consumption, egg
weight and specific gravity were not significant among the treatment groups. In the marrow
+antioxidant supplemented group egg production were higher than those of soy oil and soy oil
antioxidant supplemented groups at 0 to 14 and 42 to 56 d period (P<0.05). Soy oil, marrow
oil and antioxidant supplemented groups yolk color‟s L*, a* and b* values were significant
among the groups (P<0.05). In Dekalb strain egg shell weight and percentage were higher
than Nick chick strain (P<0.05). In conclusion, marrow oil with antioxidant in diets may
improve egg production in laying hens.
Keywords: Laying hen, marrow oil, antioxidant, performance, egg traits
120
BM8_P2713
Determination of Nutritive Value of Soybean Varieties Using In Vitro Methods and Gas
Production Technique
Tugay Ayasan1* Mustafa Boğa
2 Cengizhan Mizrak
3 ġerife Ergul
4 Harun
Cinli5 S. Naeim Saber
6 Pınar Cubukcu
7 Ahmet Korhan Sahar
8
*: tayasan@gmail.com
1: East Mediterrenean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Turkey
2: Ömer Halis Demir Üniversitesi, Nigde, Turkey
3: General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara/turkey, Ankara, Turkey
4: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Feeds and Animal Nutrition, Adana/turkey, Adana, Turkey
5: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
6: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
7: Mediterranean Agricultural Reasearch Institute, Adana, Turkey., Adana, Turkey
8: Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Reasearch Institute, Adana, Turkey.
Abstract
The study was conducted to determination of nutritive value of soybean varieties using in
vitro methods and gas production technique. In vitro gas productions and gas production
kinetics of soybean variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation
times. As a result of this study, it was found variation among soybean variety obtained from
five different varieties in terms of chemical composition and gas production rate. The crude
protein (CP) contents of soybean variety ranged from 34.02 to 37.13%. Ash content of
soybean seeds changed from 5.42 to 5.59%. The Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid
Detergent Fiber (ADF) contents of soybean variety switched from 16.4 to 25.0% and 13.0 to
21.6% respectively. The ether extract (EE) contents of soybean variety ranged from 18.72 to
21.00%. The gas production rate (c) ranged from 0.110 to 0.150%. The highest gas production
rate of soybean variety were found in Adasoy and Nazlıcan varieties (P<0.05). The
metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) contents of soybean
variety ranged from 7.053 to 7.383 MJ/kg DM and 71.953 to 75.320% respectively. In
conclusion, soybean variety can be successfully use for ruminant feeds. There are
considerable differences in the CP, NDF and ADF between different soybean varieties.
Türksoy and Nazlıcan variety is recommended to use in ration because of higher protein and
digestibility.
121
Keywords: Chemical composition, digestibility, in vitro gas production, nutritive value,
soybean variety, crude protein, metabolizable energy.
BM8_P2908
Determination of Potential Nutritive Value of Sunflower (helianthus Annuus L.) Lines
Using In Vitro Methods and Gas Production Technique
ġerife Ergul1* Tugay Ayasan
2 Abdullah Çil
3 Ġsmail Ülger
4 Mahmut
Kaliber5 AyĢe Nuran Çil
6 Vakas ġahin
7 Hacer Burun
8
*: serife01@gmail.com
1: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Feeds and Animal Nutrition, Adana, Turkey.
2: East Mediterrenean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Turkey
3: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Oil Crops, Adana, Turkey.
4: Erciyes University Seyrani Agricultural Faculty, Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey.
5: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey.
6: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Oil Crops, Adana, Turkey
7: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Oil Crops, Adana, Turkey
8: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Oil Crops, Adana, Turkey
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of sunflower (Helianthus annuus
L.) lines using in vitro methods and gas production technique. In vitro gas productions and gas
production kinetics of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12,
24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times.Four (DA-YR-13-72; DA-YR-13-73; DA-YR-13-146/1
and DA-YR-13-270/1) lines of sunflower were obtained from fields of East Mediterranean
Agricultural Research Institute (36°51‟18” North, 35°20‟49” East). As a result of this study,
crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Neutral
detergent fiber (NDF), Hemisellulose (HEM) and Digestible organic matter (DOM) were
found statistically important between several lines of sunflower (P<0.05). Dry matter (DM)
did not changed (P>0.05). The highest CP content was obtained from the line of DA-YR-13-
73 with a value of 19.07%, whereas the lowest value was obtained from the DA-YR-13-146/1
line with a value of 16.88%. Ether extract contents varied from a 39.19% (DA-YR-13-72) to
48.16% (DA-YR-13-270/1). The lowest CA value was obtained from DA-YR-13-146/1 line
with a value of 2.79 % KM. The highest HEM value was obtained from DA-YR-13-146/1 line
with a value of 19.72 % KM. The DM contents ranged from a 91.36% (DA-YR-13-146/1) to
92.32% (DA-YR-13-72). The lowest and highest ADF values were obtained from DA-YR-13-
270/1 (18.12%) and DA-YR-13-146/1 (22.17%) lines. The highest NDF contents was
obtained from DA-YR-13-146/1 (41.88%). The gas production rate of (GP) sunflower lines
ranged from 67.00 to 74.00 ml/200 mg DM. The metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy
lactation (NEL) contents of sunflower lines ranged from 19.14 to 21.81 MJ/kg DM and 8.11
to 8.98 MJ/kg DM respectively.
122
Keywords: Sunflower lines, chemical composition, digestibility, in vitro gas production,
nutritive value
BM8_P2720
Effect of Varieties on Potential Nutritive Value of Barley Using In Vitro Methods and
Gas Production Technique
Behlül Sevim1* Tugay Ayasan
2 Mahmut Kaliber
3 Cengizhan Mizrak
4
ġerife Ergul5 Ġsmail Ülger
6 Sait Aykanat
7 Ali Beyhan Ucak
8
*: behluls68@gmail.com
1: Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey
2: East Mediterrenean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Turkey
3: Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
4: General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey
5: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Feeds and Animal Nutrition, Adana, Turkey
6: Erciyes University Seyrani Agricultural Faculty, Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
7: East Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Field Crops, Adana, Turkey
8: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of barley varieties using in vitro
methods and gas production technique. In vitro gas productions and gas production kinetics of
barley variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times. As a result
of this study, significance level of the differences between the varieties in terms of dry matter
(DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CT), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and
Hemicellulose (HEM) values were P<0.05, and ADF did not found significantly important
(P>0.05). Among the three varieties, the highest CP value was obtained from Atılır variety
with 13.10%, followed by Durusu with 12.73%. The crude ash contents of the varieties
showed a variation between 2.31% (Atılır) and 2.80% (Durusu). NDF contents of barley
variety ranged from 26.77 to 29.4. CT contents of barley variety ranged from 1.59% to 1.80%.
The in vitro gas production (GP) expressed as ml/200 mg DM and methane gas (CH4) at the
end of the 24 hour incubation period of barley varieties are investigated too.
123
Keywords: Barley varieties, chemical composition, digestibility, crude protein, in vitro gas
production, nutritive value
BM8_P2764
The Effects of Licorice Root (glycyrrhriza Glabra) on Performance, Serum Parameters,
Egg Yolk Cholesterol and Antioxidant Capacity of Laying Hens
Mikail Baylan1* Sibel Canogullari Dogan
2 Zeynep Erdoğan
3
Altug Kucukgul4 AyĢen Bulancak
5
*: mikailbaylan@gmail.com
1: Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey
2: Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Dept of Animal Production
and Technologies, Nigde, Turkey
3: Trakya University, Vocational College of Arda, Department of Food Processing , Edirne, Turkey
4: Mustafa Kemal University, Veterinary Faculty, Biochemistry Department, Hatay, Turkey
5: Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of licorice root (Glycyrrhriza glabra) on
performance, egg cholesterol, some serum parameters and antioxidant capacity of laying hens.
For this purpose, a total of 120 Lohman Brown laying hens with similar body weight were
caged individually and ramdomly divided into four groups of 30 laying hens in each. Laying
hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% licorice root for 8
weeks. At the end of study, it was determined that there was no significant effect of licorice
root on egg weight and feed conversion ratio (P<0.05), but feed consumption was affected
negatively (P<0.05) by supplementation. Egg yield was obtained as 88.94, 89.56, 86.82 and
85.02% in the 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% licorice root supplemented groups, respectively (P<0.05).
Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels reduced (P>0.05) and LDL levels of serum and egg
cholesterol levels were decreased with supplementation of licorice root into feed of laying
hens (P<0.05) while HDL levels of serum were increased by addition of licorice root. It was
determined that the total antioxidant capacity of serum was increased and affected positively
by addition of increasing levels of licorice root (P <0.05). As a result of this study, it has been
shown that licorice root could be used in layer diets without any adverse effect on
performance as a natural source of feed additive and it could be facilitated functional egg
production.
124
Keywords: Antioxidant capacity, laying hens, licorice root, performance, serum parameters
125
BM8_P2740
The Effect of An Inoculant and Kefir on The Silage Microbiology and Aerobic Stability
of Wheat Straw
Berrin Okuyucu1* Fisun Koç
2 Mehmet Levent Özdüven
3
Malik CoĢkun4 Gizem Yağmur Atmaca
5
*: 1148116155@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
5: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of inoculant and kefir on the
microbial changes and aerobic stability of wheat straw silage. Biotal Plus II (Pediococcus
pentosaceus, Propionibacterium freudenreichii), Biotal Buchneri 500 (Lactobacillus
buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus) and kefir MYStarter KF1 (Lactococcus lactis subsp,
Lactis biovar diacetylactis, Lactobacillus brevis, Leuconostoc spp.mesenteroides ve
Saccharomoyces cerevisiae) were used as silage additive. Additives were applied at 6.00 log10
cfu/g silage levels. Approximately 100 g portions of straws from every treatment were packed
into plastic film bags, and the bags were sealed with a vacuum sealer (CAS CVP 260 PD).
After treatment bag silos were stored at 25±2°C under laboratory conditions. Three bag silos
from each group were sampled for chemical microbiological and analyses on days 4, 7,
14, and 45 after ensiling. After 45 days of ensiling, the silages were subjected to an aerobic
stability test for 5 days.
As a result of treatment with kefir increased lactobacilli numbers (P<0.01) and decreased the
yeast numbers (P<0.01) compared with that of all other treatments. Compared with untreated
silage, both inoculant and kefir was unable to improve stability when silages were exposed to
air. Mold was not determined in wheat straw silage.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Wheat straw, inoculant, kefir, microbiology
126
127
BM8_P2636
Hepatoprotective Effect of Preparation Vitasil on The Histology of Alimentary-induced
Fatty Liver Disease in Common Carp (cyprinus Carpio)
Alexander Atanasoff1*
*: hmi_atanasoff@mail.bg
1: Trakia University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Animal Husbandry, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of preparation Vitasil
content extract of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) against alimentary-induced fatty liver
disease in carp. Two hundred and forty carp (55,4±0,67 g) were divided into three groups
with different diet for each of them in order to induce experimental obesity and liver
dystrophy. Group I was the control group that received standard carp feed only, group II were
fed with protein and lipid-rich diet. Group III received same feed like group II but with add of
preparation Vitasil at a dose of 50 mg/kg feed. After 9 months eighteen fishes were sacrificed
and the liver tissues were processed and stained in Haematoxylin and Eosin. The
histopathological effects of feed on the liver tissue of fish were determined by light
microscopy. Our results indicate that Vitasil may be a useful as hepatoprotector agent in
alimentary-induced fatty liver disease.
Keywords: Hepatoprotective, histology, carp, vitasil
128
BM8_P2920
Sulforaphane Acts as Cancer Fighter
Ümit Polat1 Deniz Belenli
2*
*: dbelenli@nku.edu.tr
1: Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Biochemistry, Bursa, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a bioactive compound from broccoli and broccoli sprouts, has potentially
cancer chemopreventive activity. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate that is widely consumed
vegetables and has a particularly high concentration in broccoli. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) occur
in cruciferous vegetables as glucosinolates and are converted to ITCs by myrosinase. ITCs are
released by cutting or chewing or by intestinal microflora by the agency of myrosinase.
Sulforaphane prevents chemically induced cancers in animal models, including colon, lung,
breast, pancreatic, skin and stomach cancer. Sulforaphane, act as chemical cancer fighter by
inhibiting Phase 1 enzymes involved in carcinogen activation and by inducing Phase 2
enzymes that speed up the inactivation of carcinogens. Phase II enzymes [Glutathione
transferases (GSTs), NAD(P)H:Quinone reductase (QR), Epoxide hydrolase, UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase] play important roles in the detoxication of electrophiles and their
induction protects animals and their cells against carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. The
effective Phase II enzymes are both indirect and direct antioxidants, for example, phenolic
antioxidants, mercaptans, carotenoids and curcumin. Sulforaphane are a potent
anticarcinogenic Phase II enzyme inducers.
Sulforaphane, reduced the incidence, and the size of tumors in a rat mammary tumor model,
act as an indirect antioxidant, inhibits cytochrome P450, and induces cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro. It is considering to investigate more researches about
sulforaphane‟s cancer effects.
Keywords: Sulforaphane, cancer, broccoli, phase ii enzymes, tumor
129
BM8_P2865
Use of Earthworm Powder for Animal Feeding: A Review
Kayahan Yılmaz1* Korkmaz Bellitürk
2 Hasan Ersin ġamlı
3
*: kayahanyilmaz4459@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal Univ. Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdag, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ , Turkey
Abstract
Recent trend of declining sustainability in animal feeding is appearing as a major threat to
most of the Turkey cities. To combat the situation, solving of high animal feed price and other
alternatives. One of them is the use of worms as animal feeds.
Under this situation, worm powdering has recently emerged as a simple but efficient
biotechnology for supporting of animal feeding with the help of some specific groups of
earthworms. In view of the growing popularity of this biotechnology, various aspects of
alternative solution of animal feeding in livestock through vermitechnology have been dealt in
this article.
Earthworm culture is developing in many regions nowadays. Earthworms can be
produced by simple methods from many kinds of organic wastes. Products of soil earthworm
can be used as an alternative protein source for many cultured animals such as poultry, goat,
cow, sheep and fish. However, the use of worm dust as a source of protein in live animals is
being studied in Turkey in a small amount. A review was conducted to evaluate the potential
of earthworm powder in replacement of animal feeding.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Vermitechnology, animal feeding, worm powder, earthworm, protein,
biotechnology
130
BM8_O2824
Performance and Some Blood Parameters of Three Goat Genotypes During Lactation
Hande IĢıl Akbağ1 Cemil Tölü
2 Türker SavaĢ
3 Ġ.Yaman Yurtman
4
*: hiulku@comu.edu.tr
1: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
2: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
3: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
4: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
Abstract
Genotype by environment interactions may affect the performance traits of goats. Milk
production is substantially influenced by management and nutritional practice. This study
aims that determination of performance and some blood parameters of three goat genotype
breeding under the same condition. In this study lactating 10 Turkish Saanen, 10 Gokceada,
10 Maltese goats were used. Present study continue from April to October. Goats were fed
with oat hay, vetch hay and concentrate through the study; maize silage dry season; oat grain,
wheat grain and triticale grain in breeding season in the study. Goats were grazed on natural
pasture for 5-7 hours in a day through the study. Goats live weight, condition score, milk
yield, milk nutritional composition, serum glucose and urea concentration, blood hemoglobin
and hematocrit levels were recorded monthly determined in the present study. Live weight
changes were found significantly different in three goat genotypes (Gokceada, 41.23 kg;
Maltaese 47.66 kg; Turkish Saanen 55.45 kg, P=0.000). Milk yields of genotypes were
different and Turkish Saanen goats (1.81 kg) were had the highest milk yield in the study.
Serum glucose concentration significantly changed by genotypes in the present study
(P=0.003). Serum glucose level of the goat genotypes were 3.13 mmol/L, 2.93 mmol/L and
2.82 mmol /L for Gokceada, Maltese and Turkish Saanen goats respectively. Serum urea,
hemoglobin and hematocrit level of goats were not significantly changes by the genotypes. It
was concluded that live weight change and performance traits were different in goat
genotypes and blood biochemical and hematological parameters were changed in
physiologically limits.
Keywords: Turkish saanen, maltese, Gokceada, goat, milk
131
ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
132
BM8_O2745
Non Genetic Factors Affecting Some Growth Traits in Anatolian Buffaloes
Ertuğrul Kul1* Aziz ġahin
2 Hayrettin Çayıroğlu
3 Gökhan Filik
4
Emre Uğurlutepe5 Yusuf Kaplan
6
*: ertugrulkul55@gmail.com
1: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kirsehir, Turkey
4: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kirsehir, Turkey
5: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
6: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture And Livestock, General Directorate of Agricultural
Research and Policy , Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of non-genetic factors on birth weight, 6-
month weight and 12-month weight of Anatolian Buffaloes raised in Amasya Province in
Turkey. A total of 440 buffalo calved in the year 2015 were constituted the research material.
Records of Improvement Project of Water Buffaloes in Farm Condition in Amasya province,
Turkey, were used as the investigation material. Data were analyzed using least-squares
procedures using SPSS package programme. The overall means for birth weight, 6-month
weight and 12-month weight were determined as 29.17±0.298 kg, 93.10±1.107 kg and
137.03±0.879 kg, respectively. The effect of sex on all growth traits were statistically
significant (P<0.01). The growth weights in male calves was significantly higher compared to
female calves. Birth weight (P<0.01), 6-month weight (P<0.05) and 12-month weight
(P<0.01) were affected by the calving season. Maternal age had a significant effect on 12-
month weight (P<0.01), but its effect on birth weight and 6-month weight were not
significant. It was concluded that the non-genetic factors estimated in this study were should
be considered in the selection programme of the Anatolian Buffalo in this herds.
Keywords: Anatolian buffaloes, birth weight, maternal age, calf sex
133
BM8_O2902
Determination of Honamlı and Hair Goats’ Interest Levels to Saplings in
Mediterranean Area of Turkey*
Aykut Asım AkbaĢ1* Ozkan Elmaz
2 Mustafa Saatci
3
*: icould_akbas@hotmail.com
1: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Zootekni A.d., Burdur, Turkey
2: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey
3: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Zootekni A.d., Burdur, Turkey
Abstract
Relationship between goat and forest is a endless debate coming up from the history. The
study was conducted to investigate the browsing level of Honamlı and Hair goats for saplings
in forest plantation sites for six month. It was carried out over new forest plantation site of
1.000 m2 with applied a number of processes to saplings (food colouring, fishing net, raffia
and shading) in this area. Two years-old 10 goats for each breed were used in the study.
In the study, it was seen there was browsing towards untreated saplings in all months of
measurement and observation times. Maximum browsing was displayed for the ones applied
with raffia on their tips (90.47%). This was followed by the ones treated with fishing net
(79.76%) and food colouring (76.19%), respectively. In addition, the ratio of browsing for
saplings treated with shading was considerably low (20.83%) compared to the other
applications. When browsing of goats for treatments of saplings was evaluated based on
breed; browsing for saplings treated with raffia was seen to be 95.23% and 85.71% for Hair
and Honamlı goats, respectively. While the ratio of browsing for saplings treated with shading
was considerably low; Honamlı had less interest (14.28%) to sapling with shading than Hair
goats
Results of this study has brought discussions into a more objective course by representing
scientific data for goat-forest relationship. Prejudgment of considering goats as an enemy of
the forests is found on the basis of “preparing action plans for decreasing the number of
goats” which are shaped against goats. Revealing possible behavior patterns of goats in forest
areas, which is the aim of study, will present objective data to general approach about goats.
* This article is a part of project supported by The Scientific and Technological Research
Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), project no: 114R064
Keywords: Browsing, forest plantation, goat, sampling
134
BM8_O2664
Daily Variation of CO2, CH4, NH3, H2S and Some Climatic Parameters in Closed Sheep
Barn in Konya (Türkiye) in Winter
Selda Uzal Seyfi 1 Fatma Ġlhan
2*
*: fatmailhan@selcuk.edu.tr
1: Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Farm Structure And Irrigation, Konya , Turkey
2: Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Animal Science, Konya, Turkey
Abstract
Greenhouse gases are of the most important factors affecting global warming. Ammonia and
methane gases are among considerably harmful gases in terms of life of livings and quality of
environment and air. The aim of this study is to identify daily variations of the level of
harmful gases such as CO2, CH4, NH3, and H2S occurring in the closed shed and climatic
parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, air, flow, and light density, and the effect
of harmful gases on human health, animal welfare and air quality. The study was carried out
in the province Konya between the dates of January 21 and 31, 2013. In the study, the values
of temperature was measured between 13.65 o
C and 8.76 oC; relative humidity, between 87%
and 95%; air flow, between 0.46 m/s and 0.67 m/s; and light density, between 20 and 76 lux.
CO2 levels were measured between 956 ppm and 1610 ppm and NH3, 0.01-3734 ppm. Despite
this, the values of CH4 and H2S were found under the measurable limit. In this study, CO2
level was measured over allowable values for only one day and NH3 level, for two days. This
situation results from the inadequate ventilation and manure cleaning in barn. In sheep
breeding, it should be used that the new barn design appropriate to animal health and welfare,
health of workers, indoor air quality and environmental pollution.
Keywords: animal welfare,sheep barn,environmental pollution
135
Cage Tier Effect On Performance, Egg Quality Traits And Welfare Of Layer In Enriched Cage System
Bilgehan Yılmaz Dikmen Arda Sözcü Aydın İpek (BM8_O2756)
136
BM8_O2708
In vivo Estimation of Carcass Composition in Sheep Using Muscle Depth and Backfat
Thickness at 12/13 th Rib Site Measured by Ultrasound
Nezih Ata1 Engin Yarali
2 Onur Yilmaz
3* Ibrahim Cemal
4 Orhan Karaca
5
*: o-yilmaz@live.com
1: Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
2: Adnan Menderes University. Çine Vocational School, Aydın, Turkey
3: Adnan Menderes University Faculty Of Agriculture Dept. Of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey
4: Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
5: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Aydin, Turkey
Abstract
The objectives of the present study was to compare the ultrasonic measurements and in vivo
assesment of Musculus longissimus dorsi of Karya, Kıvırcık, Esme and Çine Çaparı lambs.
Least square means for live weight, cold carcass weight, backfat thickness (U-BT) and muscle
depth (U-MD)defined with ultrasound, backfat thickness (PL-BT) and muscle depth (PL-MD)
defined with planimeter at the mean age of 120 days were 32.92 kg, 16.64 kg, 0.16 cm, 1.93
cm, 0.19 cm and 2.09 cm, respectively. The correlation coefficients between ultrasonic and
in-vivo assessment of backfat thickness and muscle depth belong to Musculus longissimus
dorsi muscle were positive and statistically significant. Obtained results from the present
study showed that ultrasound technology can be used effectively to determine conformation
and fatness status in small ruminants.
Keywords: Small ruminants, MLD, ultrasound, carcass
137
BM8_O2693
Environmental Effects of Beef Raising; Carbon and Water Footprint
Unsal Dogru1 Olcay Guler
2*
*: olcay.guler@atauni.edu.tr
1: Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum, Turkey
2: Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Abstract
Environment; It is an important global unity that consists of air, land, water, and their
biocycle, where human beings are dependent. Leaving a clean environment for future
generations is the first responsibility of people living today. Increased environmental
pollution, have led to the introduction of scientific terms, such as carbon footprints and water
footprints; the loss of various activities of the living creatures has been measured in these
terms. Carbon footprint; the amount of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere, and the
water footprint determines the water consumption and water pollution rate. The effects of
globalization on it and the uncontrolled increase of human population encourage food
production and consumption in excess. The contribution of meat production and meat cattle
operations to environmental pollution and the proposal for solutions have been discussed in
recent years.
Keywords: Beef cattle raising, beef, carbon footprint, water footprint
138
BM8_O2755
Effects of Temperature Humidity Index on Dairy Cow Performance
Ekin Sucu1* Lance Baumgard
2
*: ekins@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
2: Iowa State University, Ames, United States
Abstract
The objective was to determine performance changes of different stages of lactation in high
producing dairy cows under summer heat.Two studies conducted in two seasons (spring and
summer) with 91 multiparous Holstein cows.Animals were individually full-fed with total
mixed ration twice daily for 3 months in both periods. Individual milk yield and feed intake
was collected daily while milk components were obtained weekly. Ambient temperature (Ta)
and relative humidity (RH) were taken at a local farm, which was located approximately 4 km
from the dairy farm.Daily maximum and minimum temperatures and humidity were also used
for to calculate temperature-humidity (THI) index. The spring period was characterized by a
less heat stress environment; mean maximum and minimum Ta and RH were 18.05 and 7.8 ºC
and 89.23 and 51.89%, respectively.THI values of maximum and minimum means for the
spring were 62.52 and 47.30, respectively.The summer period was characterized by a more
heat stress environment; mean maximum and minimum Ta and RH were 26.66 and 17.05 ºC
and 97.69 and 53.19%, respectively.The THI values of maximum and minimum means for the
summer were 76.58 and 62.52, respectively. As a result of this study, when the THI value
increased from 55 to 69, the highest reduction (1.8%) in milk production and feed intake
(10.6%) was observed in 70-76 days in milk animals. In the same group of animals, milk yield
decreased by 0.47 kg per cow per day for each point increase in the THI values above 69.Milk
urea nitrogen (15 vs. 17) and somatic cell counts (99 vs. 469) were higher in the same group
for the summer period.The other stage of lactation animals were not as affected by summer
THI.Results indicate summer heat load has strong effects on milk production and feed intake
in dairy cows especially in early through mid-lactation.
Keywords: Heat stress, temperature, humidity index, dairy cow
BM8_O2767
139
Retrospective Molecular Study of Bovine Leukemia Virus (blv) in Turkey
T. Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu1 B. Taylan Koç
2* Firat Dogan
3
*: btkoc@adu.edu.tr
1: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, City, Turkey
2: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Aydin, Turkey
3: Ankara University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Background: Enzootic Bovine Leucosis Virus (EBLV) infects bovine species and belongs to
Deltaretrovirinae into Retroviridae family. This infection has high economic importance in
livestock industry. EBLV have been reported among cattle in many geographical parts of
world and Turkey. In this study, we have genetically compared some BLVs from Turkey
between 2007 and 2010 in two infected farms.
Material/methods: The seven blood samples from two distinct geographical province (Farm1,
n=4; Farm2, n=3) had been detected positive for EBLV by commercial ELISA kit. The farms
have contained imported animals. Viral nucleic acids were extracted using a commercial kit
according to its manual. Envelope (env) and gag gene regions from BLV genome were
amplified and obtained products were sequenced with Sanger Method. Phylogenetic analysis
was performed using by MEGA 6.0.
Results: Phylogenetic trees for two gene regions (env and gag) have similar results with each
other. Our BLV sequences in this study have localized on two separated branch as different
from other sequences.
Conclusions: Our results showed that these BLV strains were different from other Turkish
BLV strains at before. Additionally, these results have indicated that different strains have
been circulating in Turkey. It should be cared out these circumstances in prevention and
control against BLV infection.
** All authors have contributed equally to the study.
Keywords: Bovine leukemia virus ,molecular characterization,turkey
140
BM8_O2747
Determination of Oxide and Reducing Glutathione Levels by Glutathione Peroxidase
Activity in Colon Cancer Patients
Kemal Gökçe1 ġeker Dağ
2*
*: sdag@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
1: University, Ankara, Turkey
2: University, Sivas, Turkey
Abstract
Colon cancer was diagnosed In our study, Blood samples were taken from individuals
between 18-75 years of age and the amounts of oxides and reduced glutathione and GPx
activity were studied. Erythrocyte isolation was performed without loss of time from 3 ml
blood samples taken from patients and control group individuals.Hemoglobin quantities were
determined from the standard plot drawn by monitoring the cyanomethhemoglobin
conversion of methemoglobin in the presence of cyanide at 540 nm. Glutathione peroxidase
activity was determined by spectrophotometrically monitoring the oxidation of NADPH at a
wavelength of 340 nm. Amounts of oxides and reducible glutathione were also determined
from the standard plot drawn, following the 412 nm wavelength of the yellow 2-nitro-5-
thiobenzoic acid formation. GPx activity of colon cancer patients (5,64 ± 1,49U/gHb), GSH
concentration (6,96 ± 1,45 nmol/gHb) and GSH/GSSG rate (1,04 ± 0,49) According to the
control group (GPx: 10,52 ± 2,22 U/gHb, GSH: 11,43 ± 1,90 nmol/gHb, GSH/GSSG: 3,86 ±
1,30) At a considerable decline, Amount of GSSG (7,20 ± 1,17 nmol/gHb) According to the
control group(3,09 ± 0,48 nmol/gHb) It was seen to have increased significantly. These
results support the view that the oxidant / antioxidant system balance is impaired in patients
with colon cancer.
Keywords: Colon cancer, glutathione peroxidase, glutahione
141
BM8_O2843
Contributions of Women Living in Rural Regions of Turkey to Family Economy and
Cultural Heritage Through Handicrafts Using Animal Fibers
Zeynep Erdogan1 Gürsel Dellal
2 AyĢem Yanar
3*
Feryal Soylemezoglu4 Erkan Pehlivan
5
*: ayanar@ankara.edu.tr
1: Ankara University, Faculty of Fine Art, Dept. of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Properties, Ankara,
Turkey
2: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
3: Ankara University, Faculty of Fine Art, Dept. of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Properties, Ankara,
Turkey
4: Ankara University, Faculty of Fine Art, Dept. of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Properties, Ankara,
Turkey
5: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
In rural regions, women have many responsibilities both in and out of the household. In rural
regions, women who work in agriculture are called by names such as farmer women or rural
housewives. They work in every stage of plant and animal production beside daily routines
such as food preparation, cleaning laundry, dishwashing and child care. Women also utilize
remainder of their free time from daily routines by handicraft production. Types of
handicrafts produced in rural regions are determined by the region‟s geographical, climatic
and socio-cultural structure with production techniques and areas of use as the base and many
products obtained from plant and animal production are used in the production of these
handicrafts as raw materials. One of the most important animal products used handicraft
production in Turkey is fiber, and fleece, angora wool, cashmere, goat upper rough fiber are
used in the production of many handicraft products such as carpets, rugs, socks, scarves,
gloves and tents for centuries. Mainly women work in the production of these handicrafts,
thus, contributing to family economy and by extension sustainability of rural living and
conservation and development of folkloric culture. In this study, contributions of women
living in rural regions of Turkey, to family economy and cultural heritage by production of
handicrafts using animal fibers are analyzed from past to present in terms of techniques and
economics and suggestions to increase these contributions sustainably are given.
Keywords: Rural development, woman, handicrafts, animal fiber, cultural heritage
142
BM8_O2911
A Level of Some Chemical Elements (Ca, Na, K, P, Ba, Fe, Mg And Zn) in Blood Plasma
E Feral Pigeon (Columba Livia-f.urbana), from Three Deferent Environments Exposed
to Heavy Metals
Sheval Memishi1* Isa R. Elezaj, Qerim I. Selimi
*: sheval.memishi@unite.edu.mk
1: State University Of Tetova,, Tetovo, Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of environmental pollution in level of
some chemical elements (Ca, Na, K, P, Ba, Fe, Mg and Zn), in blood plasma of Feral
pigeons free living in three diferent localities; Mitrovica town (urban and industrial
pollution with heavy metals ), Peja town (urban pollution), and village Lukijë (agro-rural),
unpolluted locality. The results of this study show significantly higher level of Ba in the
plasma of Feral pigeons from Mitrovica, in comparison with level in plasma of Feral pigeons
from Peja town and Lukijë (P < 0.001; P<0.005 respectively). Significantly lower level of Ca
in plasma of Feral pigeons from Mitrovica (P< 0.002), in comparison with pigeons from
Peja and significantly higher level of K and Na in plasma of Feral pigeons from Peja (P<
0.043) in comparison with Mitrovica, and Na in comparison with Mitrovica ( P<0.006), and
Lukijë ( P< 0.046). The level of plasma Fe and Mg of Feral pigeons from Mitrovica were
higher (but not statistically significant), in comparison with levels in the plasma of pigeons
from Peja and Lukijë. Present findings are promising to optimize the use of small plasma
samples in order to investigate several responses relative to wildlife health status.
Keywords: Plasma, feral pigeons, mitrovica, peja, significantly
143
BM8_O2654
Feral Pigeon (Columba Livia) Health Effects of Environmental Pollution With Lead
(Pb) and Nickel (Ni)
Albana Plakiqi Milaimi 1*
*: aplakiqi@gmail.com
1: "hasan Prishtina" University, Faculty Of Natural And Mathematics Sciences, Dept. Of Biology, Prizren,
Kosovo
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the finding of the effects of pollution by lead (Pb) and nickel
(Ni) from ferronickel smelter in the town of Drenas. Through the biological monitoring we
had intended to evaluate the influence of lead and nickel on biochemical and hematological
parameters; to identify whether heavy metals, will be accumulated in the liver of feral pigeon
(Columba livia), and to note the effects that can have this environmental pollution in the
histology of liver. For this purpose, we took 20 birds (nine male and 11 female) from the
ferronickel smelter courtyard, and 20 (11 male and 9 female) from Lubizhdë village (control
group).
We have measured the the blood aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and the
blood lead level; Erythrocytes (R.B.C.) and Leukocytes (W.B.C.) count, Haemoglobin
concentration and Hematocrit value. The histological studies were focused on the liver
histology, and the concentration of Pb and Ni in the liver.
The results of these parameters shown that in the Drenas population of feral pigeon, the blood
ALAD activity was significantly inhibited (P<0.001), blood lead level was significantly
increased (P<0.01) and correlation between ALAD and blood lead level was negative (r=-
0.117; P<0.05). R.B.C. count (P < 0.05) and W.B.C. (P < 0.001) was higher. Hematocrit
value (P< 0.05) was higher and haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower (P <
0.001), compared to the control group. We found that Pb and Ni concentrations in the liver
was increased (P < 0.05, P<0.001). In the liver, we found out the histological alterations,
ranging from leukocyte infiltration, tissue vacuolization, extended of interstitial spaces and
necrosis.
Keywords: Feral pigeon , environmental pollution , lead , nickel , liver , bioaccumulation,
ferronickel smelter
144
BM8_O2634
Optimal Barn Characteristics for Dairy Cows Under Hot Climatic Conditions
Serap Goncu1 Nazan Koluman
2*
*: nazankoluman@gmail.com
1: Cukurova Univ., Adana, Turkey
2: Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey
Abstract
A optimum barn environment is essential for cow comfort, health and productivity, and milk
quality. A good barn environment means that the provide animal enough ventilation, good
lighting and good air at all. Appropriate construction methods of the buildings and
management methods can improve the thermal environment of the animals. There are several
types of barns depending on the many factors. Design of the barn and the stalls for the cows
can be relevant to control of environment. Each climatic zone requires different barn types for
livestock. The length of the barn is determined primarily by the size of milking group, which
is primarily a function of the type and size of parlor. Cows should not have to wait in a
holding area over about one hour, so the number of cows in a group should be approximately
the number that can be milked in an hour. A 300-foot, 4-row barn will house approximately
150 cows on each side and should be used with a parlor that will milk 150 cows per hour. The
size of milking groups also determines the size of the premilking holding area, which should
provide at least 15 ft2 per cow in the milking group. Research results showed that the optimal
barn for high-yielding cows is the loose-housing type, oriented with its long axis
perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction under hot climatic conditions. Advantageous to
the design would be an open ridge or pagoda with marginal height of over 4.7m for north-
south orientation and over 5m for east-west orientation, roof slope over 11%, and barn width
between 43 and 51m for north-south orientation but lower than 42m for east-west orientation.
The objective of this study was to determine optimum barn characteristics for high-yielding
dairy cows under hot climatic conditions
Keywords: Barn, dairy cows, hot climate, management
145
BM8_O2774
The New Generation of Pesticides as Neonicotinoids and Honey Bees
Ġbrahim Çakmak1*
*: icakmak@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
The beekeeping industry has been experiencing serious colony losses in recent years and
neonicotinoids is considered one of the major factors affecting recent colony die-
offs. Neonicotinoids have been defined as chemicals affecting neurons of organisms.
Moreover these chemicals affect insects more than mammals generally. Therefore the new
generation of pesticides as neonicotinoids are widely used pesticides and also considered very
effective and long lasting chemicals. These pesticides when used in sunflowers as seed cover
can be detected in honey bee colonies.
The neonicotinoids can be fed to the workers in small amounts as sublethal level and can be
explained as not so harmfull to the honey bees. The foraging behavior of honeybee workers
are affected and consequently colony development may be slowed down resulting weak
colonies. Therefore it is important to know how these neonicotinoids work so slowly and
cause colony losses silenlty without appearant symptoms.
In conclusion, when considering colony losses in beekeeping industry among many factors,
neonicotinoids should be considered seriously even though many companies may try to prove
that neonicotinoids can be fed to the bees and nothing happened immediately. These new
pesticides affect the nervous system of bees and honey bees may die in the field or may not be
able to do regular jobs or labors in the hive due to sublethal effects of those insecticides. It is
also very common to see unexplained colony losses in many parts of the world. This might be
due to deposited honey and pollen contaminated with neonicotinoids before winter.
Keywords: Neonicotinoids , honey bees, colony losses, sublethal effect
146
BM8_O2847
The Effect of Skin Color Proportion of Holstein Cow on Production Parameters
Yahya Tuncay Tuna1* Ahmet Refik Önal
2 Feyyaz Avcı
3
AyĢe ġen4 Erkan Pehlivan
5 Gürsel Dellal
6
*: yttuna@hotmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
5: Ankara University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
6: Ankara University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was determination of the effect of color proportion (black-white) on
reproductive performance and milk production levels. The material of study was 61 heads of
Holstein cows and their records of first and second lactation. The two side of each animal
recorded by video camera and transferred to computer than got to images per cow. Proportion
black and white color counted by image processing methods. The stepwise method applied for
improvement regression model to estimate effect color proportion on yield.
The parameters evaluated for reproductive performance were first insemination age, age at
first calving, time period between two calving, service period, insemination number per
pregnancy and milk production parameters were lactation period, total lactation milk yield,
305 days milk yield. The descriptive statistics were 15.58±0.36; 24.56±0.38; 94.43±2.61;
433.31±10.35 and 2.47±0.09 determined for first insemination age, age at first calving, time
period between two calving, service period, insemination number per pregnancy respectively,
and 362.07±9.81; 61.09±0.61; 11190.78±233.67 and 9816.03±159.35 for lactation period,
total lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield respectively for production levels.
The result indicated that no statistical significant between white color rate and age at first
calving, first insemination age and time period between two calving (p>0.05). It was high
statistical significant calculated between white color rate, service period and insemination
number per pregnancy (p<0.01; p<0.05). The study show that the change one 1% of white
color on positive way effect 1.9 lt daily milk production and the white color rate can be used
for a selection dairy cows.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University
Keywords: Holstein , color proportion, image processing, morphometric measurements,
reproduction, milk production
147
BM8_O2889
Evaluation of Animal Side Products: Diyarbakir Sample
Dilek ġentürk Demirel1* Ramazan DEMĠREL
1
*: senturk@dicle.edu.tr
1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Diyarbakır, Turkey
Abstract
Environmental health problems arising from animal wastes can be as harmful as problems
caused by some industrial wastes. Particularly surface waters are mainly sources of water
pollution, which are used as receiving area drainage, agriculture water and animal wastes. It is
known that some industrial wastes cause non-conversion losses. One of the agents that cause
environmental health problems as well as industrial wastes are animal wastes. Processing of
these animal wastes into rendering products, biogas and composting methods contribute to the
prevention of health threatening environmental pollution. Considering such valuable raw
materials as bait that will not be slaughtered, it makes a significant contribution to the
economy of the country due to animal husbandry.
In Diyarbakır province, a survey was conducted in 4 cutting houses, 1 of which were public
institutions and 3 of which were private sector. Since there is not any factory / industrial
organization providing service for the operation of animal by-products, most of the animal by-
products obtained are sent as raw materials to the factory / industry establishment in other
provinces. It has been determined that because of the culinary culture, offal for animal by-
products is used and others (leather, kokorec, breast oil and bone) are sent out of the province.
The rest seem to have been thrown away.
This Study, how the livestock enterprises in Diyarbakır Province evaluated their wastes was
investigated. In this way, the situation in the region has been determined and it is aimed to
establish a base for the work to be done later.
Keywords: Animal by-products, Diyarbakır, cutting houses, animal wastes
148
BM8_O2701
Behaviors of Different Chicken Genotypes Under Dermanyssus Gallinae Infestation
CoĢkun Konyalı1* Hakan Erdem
2 Türker SavaĢ
3
*: ckonyali@comu.edu.tr
1: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversity, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale, Turkey
2: Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
3: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of mite infestation on different genotypes at
early growth period. A total of six genotypes, 1 broiler (Cobb 500) and 4 layer (Super Nick,
Atabey, Atak and Atak-S) chicks were used in this study (total N=208).Chicks from each
genotype were kept as either control or infested with D. gallinae.Behaviors of the birds were
observed during 30 minutes in the morning and afternoon one day once a week. The observed
behaviors were locomotion, feeding, resting and preening. The observation methods were, for
preening continuous sampling and for locomotion, feeding and resting time sampling by five
minutes intervals. Statistical analyzes were performed with the sum of each observation
period per animal and behavior. The data were analyzed with repeated measure variance
analysis (ANOVA), which included group, genotype, observation period and their interactions
as fixed effects.The locomotion was higher in mite infested groups (P<.0001) and the resting
behavior was higher in control groups (P<.0001). There were no statistical differences
between control and infested groups for feeding behavior (P=0.1547).The preening behavior
was 6.7 times per bird in control group, but this value for infested chicks was obtained as 22.0
times per bird (P<.0001).The animals were more preened and more mobile in the morning
than in the afternoon (P<.0001).Broiler genotype showed less locomotion (P<.0001) and
preening than the layer genotypes (P<.0001).No significant interaction effects between
infestation groups and genotypes were found (P>0.05).It was seen that chicks‟ behaviors were
closely related with mite density.As a result, Dermanyssus gallinae was importantly altered
host behaviors on each genotypes and chicks were seriously suffered and stressed even if in
resting time because of biting of mites.In this context, poultry red mite has malignant effects
on birds with regard to welfare and health and infested birds were considered as „fatigued
animals‟.
Keywords: Poultry, red mite, ectoparasite, behavior, stress, welfare
149
BM8_O2752
Determination of Lactation Curve Parameters Using Monthly Milk Records Obtained
With an Automatic Milking System in Holstein Cattle
Aziz ġahin1* Zafer UlutaĢ
2 Ertuğrul Kul
3 Emre Uğurlutepe
4
*: aziz.sahin@ahievran.edu.tr
1: Ahi Evran University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
2: Omer Halisdemir University Department Of Animal Production And Technologies, Niğde, Turkey
3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
4: Ahi Evran University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
Abstract
In this study, the monthly milk yield records of the first lactation of 150 Holstein cattle born
in 2015 in KırĢehir province were used. For this purpose, Wood equation was used to define
the lactation curves. In the current study, the lactation curve parameters were determined with
STATISTICA statistical program. The coefficient of determination (R2), residual standard
deviation (RSD) statistics and lactation curve parameters were estimated. The coefficient of
determination (R2), residual standard deviation, lactation curve parameters (a, b and c) for
Wood model were estimated as 96.09, 0.203, 22.33, 0.135, 0.026 for first lactation,
respectively.
It was concluded that the lactation curve parameters determined by the Wood model might be
a significant parameter to the studies in this herd.
Keywords: Lactation curve parameters, holstein cattle, the coefficient of determination,
residual standard deviation
150
BM8_O2845
The Relationship Between Body Hygiene Score and Locomotion Score
Ahmet Refik Önal1* Rıdvan Aydın
2 Yahya Tuncay Tuna
3
AyĢe ġen4 Muhittin Özder
5
*: aronal@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey, Tekirdağ,
Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
5: Namık Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey, Tekirdag,
Turkey
Abstract
Housing or barn cleaning conditions (manure) effect to body hygiene score and also
locomotion score of dairy cows in dairy farm. Body hygiene score, locomotion score and barn
hygiene conditions are already the main measurements of welfare parameters in dairy farms.
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between body hygiene score
and locomotion score of dairy cows. The study was conducted on a big commercial dairy
farm which has 3000 heads of milking cow capacity in Turkey. This study was carry out in
separated one pen by 202 heads of milking cow and the primary cattle breed was Holstein.
Chi-square test for independence applied for determine whether there is a significant
relationship between body hygiene scores and locomotion scores. SPSS software used for data
processed.
It was determined that the biggest body hygiene scores for 1,2,3 and 4 locomotion score
groups were 1 (38.1%), 2 (50.5%), 2 (43.1%) and 3 (66.7%) respectively and was highly
statistical significant relationship between body hygiene scores and locomotion scores
(p<0.01). In addition, the 45.5% of total milking cows had 2 body hygiene score and 29.2%
had 3, 23.3% had 1 and 2% had 4 body hygiene score respectively.
The result indicated that the barn cleaning conditions has an effect on laminitis in dairy farms
and the well barn management practices can help to decrease the lame animal numbers.
Keywords: body hygiene score, locomotion score, laminitis, dairy cow
151
BM8_O2627
Measurements Of Healthy Hooves, Their Interrelation and Correlation With Body Mass
in Some Improved Goat Breeds
Nazan Koluman1* Serap Goncu
2
*: nazankoluman@gmail.com
1: Cukurova University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey
2: Cukurova Univ., Adana, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to determine the measures of the hoof and its relationship with
body mass of different goat breeds, raised in semi-intensive conditions at subtropical
Mediterranean region of Turkey. For this aim, four improved goat breeds as Saanen, Alpine,
Damascus, Boer, were raised in Research Farm unit of Cukurova University, Agricultural
Faculty, Dairy Goat Research Farm, were used as animal material. All does were 2 years old
and in first lactations. The herd dense was 500 heads live in the semi-open barn of which has
1.5 m2 surface area per animals. Measured traits were length of hoof, height of hoof, height of
heel, diagonal diameter of hoof, width of hoof, bulb length, claw length, and dorsal wall
angle. At the end of the study there were significant differences found between hoof
dimensions and dairy and meat type goats in intensive conditions. The meat type goats,
Damascus and Boer had higher hoof dimensions than the dairy Alpine and Saanen goats. On
contrary to this the front claw of the goats were larger than the back side. The significant
differences between adult live weights of genotypes were determined as expected. By
examining correlation coefficient between body mass and claw length, height of hoof,
diagonal diameter of hoof and bulb height, there were positive and significant correlation. On
contrary negative and significant correlation with length of hoof and body weight of intensive
goats, as well.
Keywords: Goat, hooves , measurements
152
BM8_O2814
Investigation Of Some Honeybee Pathogens In Ccd-resemble Apiaries
Mustafa Necati Muz1* Dilek Muz
2
*: mustafamuz@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology , Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Virology, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Colony losses, which are remarkable in the world for more than ten years, are regarded as
honey bee health problems arising from the interaction of different factors and agents. The
viruses, Nosema ceranae and Varroa destructor among the disease agents threaten the colony
health, have significant importance. In this study, the honeybee samples delivered to our
laboratory from different apiaries in Tekirdag province between 2015 and 2016, were
examined. Samples were sent by complaints with "unexpected decrease in colony populations
or sudden colony loss". A total of 510 honey bee samples from 17 apiaries were tested for
Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), Nosema cerenae and Varroa destructor. DWV and N.cerenae
were detected in 15 and 5 apiaries, respectively while varroosis was detected in all apiaries. N.
ceranae was not be detected in the DWV negative two apiaries. In this study, it was
concluded that considering the presence of DWV, Nosema cerenae and Varroa destructor
in colony collapse resemble cases, and it would be advantageous the precaution and treatment
strategies for bees against these pathogens.
Keywords: Honeybee colony losses , DWV, nosema, varroa destructor, Turkey
153
BM8_O2810
Investigation Of Culicoides (diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges Fauna And
Presence of Bluetongue Virus and Schmallenberg Virus
Dilek Muz1* Bilal Dik
2 Mustafa Necati Muz
3
*: dmuz@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Virology, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Selcuk University Veterinary Faculty Department of Parasitology, Konya, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology. , Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges play an important role in the mechanical
and biological vector of arboviruses, and are very effective in the transmission of infections
between regions. The aim of this study is to determine the species diversity of Tekirdağ
province Culicoides, the existence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus
(SBV). For this purpose, Culicoides samples were collected from June-September 2015
period. Molecular analysis of Culicoides samples and investigated for the viruses. For this
purpose, Culicoides genomic ITS-1 gene-specific PCR tests and qPCR tests were conducted
to investigate the presence of BTV and SBV. According to the microscopic examinations of
collected samples; C. newsteadi, C. schultzei, C. nubeculosus komp., C. punctatus, C.
circumscriptus, C. obselatus komp., C. gejgelensis, C. festivipennis, C. longipennis,
C.pulicaris, C.picturatus, C.odiatus, C. kurensis, C. flavipulicaris. As a result of the
molecular analysis made, five Culicoides species were sequenced. The samples were found to
be negative for MDV while a sample for SBV was found as positive in the Q-PCR tests.
Keywords: Blutongue virus, schmallenberg virus, culicoides, PCR
154
BM8_O2649
Teat Papillomatosis Case in a Damascus Goat (shami Goat) in Hatay Province, Turkey:
A New Putative Papillomavirus?
Firat Dogan1* Selvi Deniz Dorttas
2 Seval Bilge Dağalp
3
Veysel Soydal Ataseven4 Feray Alkan
5
*: firat9837@gmail.com
1: Ankara University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey
2: Ankara University, Faculty Of Veterinary, Dept. Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey
3: Ankara University, Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Virology, Ankara, Turkey
4: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Virology, Hatay, Turkey
5: Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Viroloji Ad., Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are epitheliotropic viruses that cause benign proliferative lesions in
the skin (warts or papillomas) and mucous membranes of their natural hosts. Papillomatosis is
often observed on the skin of the udder and teat. Especially, teat papillomatosis in animals is
an important health problem causing economic losses. Because milking can become quite
difficult in affected individuals, papillomas might predispose animals to mastitis.
The aim of this study was to carry out molecular detection and typing of papillomavirus (PV)
in a goat with teat papillomatosis. With this purpose, after doing PCR using FAP59/64 and
MY09/11 primer pair, PV DNA detected the sample, were used for typing using sequence
analysis/PCR with type specific primers for bovines and caprine. The sample was detected as
positive only FAP59/64 primer pair and according to the results of sequence analysis was
suggested as one new putative type and has a sequence homology ranging from 46.47 to
80.31% with some known papillomaviruses, including Capra hircus Papillomavirus (ChPV-
2), Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) 6, 7, 10 and 12, Rangifer tarandus papillomavirus 3
isolate (RIPV-3) and BPV-7Z (Alpine wild ruminants papillomavirus; Cervus elaphus
papillomavirus).
We propose, the first determination of a new putative type (KY554215 HTY-Goat Teat-
TR2016) in a goat with teat papillomatosis. Furthermore, it is essential to identify the PV
types in different animal species and investigate their prevalence/distribution, clinical
consequences, for the development of prophylactic and/or therapeutic procedures and
determine interspecies transmission potential and evolution of PVs.
Keywords: Teat papillomatoiss, goat, PCR, sequence analaysis
155
156
BM8_O2793
Comparison of Some Slaughtered Characteristics of Bulls of Different Breeds in Turkey
Aziz ġahin1 Ertuğrul Kul
2* Abdulhalik Demirgüç
3
*: ertugrulkul55@gmail.com
1: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dep. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the slaughtered characteristics such as slaughter
weight, hot carcass weight, cooling loss, offal weight and dressing percentage of Holstein
(n=94), Simmental (n=32), Simmental Crossbreed (n=16), Brown Swiss (n=25) and Brown
Swiss crossbred (n=36) bulls with between 18 and 24 months of age, obtained from a private
slaughterhouse located in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Data were analysed using
SPSS package. The mean value of slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cooling loss, offal
weight and dressing percentage were determinated as 472.16±5.172 kg, 273.47±3.004 kg,
34.98±0.383 kg, 163.73±1.787 kg and 57.913±0.013%, respectively. The highest slaughter
weight, offal weight and cooling loss were found in Holstein bulls, but lowest in Brown Swiss
crossbreed bulls. Hot carcass weight of Holstein bulls were significantly higher than other
breeds. Dressing percentage of Brown Swiss crossbred bulls were found highest while the
lowest dressing percentage was calculated in Simental crossbred bulls. The results of present
study revealed that Holstein bulls had better potentials for slaughtered characteristics
compared to other breeds under Turkey conditions.
Keywords: Slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cooling loss, offal weight, dressing
percentage
157
BM8_O2918
An Evaluation of Poultry Waste and Investigation of The Use of Liquid Waste Water
Abdullah Yinanç1*
*: ayinanc@nku.edu.tr
1: Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Increasing population and search for a better quality of life in our country cause rapid increase
of energy consumption, a decrease in the available energy sources, a higher demand and cost
of raw materials. In this case, organic wastes are also considered as an energy source and re-
use of them is obligatory.
By 2014, there were approximately 15 million cattle, 43 million small ruminants, and 270
million poultry (meat, eggs) in our country. When we receive an adult chicken as the basis
that produces 175 g/day of fresh organic waste, 17 million tons of organic poultry waste are
produced in our country daily.
It is of utmost importance that these solid wastes are made harmless, their pollution of the
environment is prevented and these wastes are used. At the same time, disposal of wastes is
very important in terms of public health and prevention of disease sources.
This study is based more on application rather than on a theoretical basis. In this study having
two stages, the obtaining a different type of compost and working on gasification, as well as
the different means of disposal and utilization of wastes and refinement and disposal of the
waste have been studied.
Here, the material to be composted is studied in terms of the total pore volume of the
environment, the speed of the air volume composting function, the physical structure of the
organic matter material in the slurry and the porosity increasing material additives which
improve the structure and compost properties.
As a result of the conducted studies,the use of chicken wastes as an organic fertilizer source
for garden and field crops, the treatment of more efficient compost production, and
consequently the evaluation of waste water containing a mixture of chicken manure and
animal manure in the wastewater treatment system have been the subjects of this study.
Keywords: Fertilizer liquid, treatment, energy source, different technologies, gasification
158
BM8_O2903
Investigation of Lavender Foal Syndrome in Turkish Arabian Horses in Eskişehir
Region
Muhammet Kaya1*, Tuğba Yıldız
1, Elif Günvar
1, Metin TaĢ
1
*: muhammetkaya@ogu.edu.tr
1: Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotehnology, Eskisehir, Turkey
Abstract
115 Turkish arabian horse reared in Eskisehir, were monitored with respect to the genetic
disorder defined as Levander Foul Syndrom (LFS). These are autosomal recessive hereditary
disorders causing serious economic losses in horse breeding throughout the world. In order to
determine the presence of LFS genotypes in horse raised in Eskisehir, genomic DNA was
obtained from blood using salting out technique and the amplicons were obtained by using
PCR. PCR products were digested with FauI restriction enzymes. Digested products of LFS
were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results demonstrated that 35 out of 115
animals were the carrier of LFS. Thus, it can be concluded that mutant alleles of LFS are exist
in Eskisehir, and therefore, horse and especially semen used in artificial insemination should
be monitored for these disorders.
Keywords: Turkish Arabian Horse, Genetic disorder, LFS, PCR-RFLP
159
ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
160
BM8_P2770 A Study on The Variation of Lambing Times in The Periods of Days and Lambing
Seasons to Karacabey Merino Sheep Population for a Private Farm
Mehmet Ġhsan Soysal1* Eser Kemal Gürcan
2 Emel Özkan Ünal
3
*: misoysal@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Facuty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department Of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine some birth characteristic‟s effects on birth weight in
Karacabey Merino sheep. All animals were raised a special farm in Tekirdağ. Birth records
were obtained from 483 lambs in totally. In present study, birth characteristics were chosen as
birth season (September, October, November, December and January), lamb gender, birth
type (single and twin) and birth time within the day. Birth time is evaluated hourly and 4
groups in a day (23:01–05:00; 05:01-11:00; 11:01-17:00; 17:01-23:00).The number and
percent values of birth seasons (September, October, November, December and January),
were found 24, 128, 117, 110 and 103 (4.9%, 26%, 24%, 22% and 21%), respectively. These
values were found 250 (52%) and 232 (48%) female and male animal; 264 (54%) and 209
(46%) single and twin lambs, respectively. The effects of these characters were detected on
the birth weight of lambs. Birth time and birth season were not found significant but birth type
and gender factors were found very significant on birth weight (P<0.01). The least square
means of birth weight were found 5.24 ± 0.10 and 4.21 ± 0.11 kg for single and twin birth
type and 4.63 ± 0.10 and 4.82 ± 0.11 kg for female and male animal, respectively. Similarly,
these values were found 4.74 ± 0.21, 4.63 ± 0.07, 4.49 ± 0.09 and 4.51 ± 0.12 kg for 4 groups
in a day (23:01–05:00; 05:01-11:00; 11:01-17:00; 17:01-23:00) for birth time (P>0.05),
respectively.
Keywords: Birth weight, karacabey merino, birth time , birth season, birth characteristic
161
BM8_P2914
The Effect of Lactic Acid and Basillus Bacteries on Dairy Goats Teat Health
Alper Onenc1*
*: alperonenc@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
The study was carried out in a commercial dairy goat farm. A total of 400 dairy goats were
used to compare two different pre-dip matterials. The first group (n=200 goat) was housed in
the left side of the barn, the second group (n=200 goat) was housed in the right side of the
barn.
All animals were milked in the 48 stall - rotary milking system. During 5 weeks, first group
goats were treated with a commercial pre-dip after milking, the second group goats were
treated with pre-dip solution consist of lactic and basillus bacteries after milking.
During trial, milk conductivity, milk production values were measured .
The results showed that there was no significant differences between to groups.
Keywords: Pre-dip, milking hygiene, goat
162
BM8_P2643
The Effects of Thermal Manipulation During Early and Late Embryogenesis on
Hatching Weight, Sexual Maturity Weight, Age At Sexual Maturity And First Egg
Weight In Japanese Quails
(Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
Sezai Alkan1* Kemal Karabağ
2 Ġsmail Türker
1 Taki Karslı
3
*: sezaialkan@odu.edu.tr
1: Ordu University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Ordu, Turkey
2 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Antalya
3 Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Antalya
Abstract
The objective of the this study is to investigate the effect of thermal manipulations during
early (EE) and late embryogenesis (LE) on hatching weight, age at sexual maturity, sexual
maturity weight and first egg weight in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
Incubation conditions from day 0 to day 14 were; 37.7 ºC and 55% relative humidity for
control group. In the thermally treated eggs during early embryogenesis (EE6, EE7 and EE8
days), incubation temperature was increased to 41 ºC and relative humidity to 65% for 3 hours
(12.00-15.00). In the same way, in the late embryogenesis stage (EL12, EL13 and EL14 days),
incubation temperature was increased to 41 ºC and relative humidity to 65% 3 hours (12.00–
15.00) at consecutive days. Eggs were divided three groups in this study. After the thermal
treatments, immediately incubation conditions were restored to the regular levels (37.7 ºC and
55% relative humidity). At the 15th day of incubation, the eggs were transferred to hatching
trays.
At hatching in each group, all chicks were wing-banded and individually weighed. Thermal
manipulations had significant effects on hatching weight, first egg weight, age at sexual
maturity and sexual maturity weight. Lowest hatching weight (7.79 g) was found in late
embryogenesis (LE) group. Also, lowest first egg weight (7.62 g) was determined in control
(C) group. Lowest age at sexual maturity (37.63 days) and sexual maturity weight (192.40 g)
was determined in late embryogenesis (LE) group.
Keywords: Quails, thermal manipulation, hatching weight, first egg weight
163
BM8_P2872
Buffalo Milk Products
Serap Durakli Velioglu1 Göksel Tırpancı Sivri
2
M.ihsan Soysal3 Mehmet Demirci
4*
*: mdemirci@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Eng., Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal Üni. Faculty of Agric. Dept. of Anım. Sci., Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Buffalo milk is the second most widely produced milk in the world. It has a great importance
because of its nutritional and technological properties. The composition of buffalo milk
differs from other types of milk in terms of major components (fats, proteins, and water
content) as well as minor components such as carotenes and riboflavin. Buffalo milk is a
favourable raw material in the production of various premium traditional dairy products
especially in Asia and Europe. These products include Mozzarella, Ricotta, Provola, Treccia
in Italy, Buffalo Milk Yoghurt and Kaymak in Turkey, Yoghurt, Butter, Braila and Vladeasa
in Romania, Pecorini in Bulgaria, Ghee and Dahi in India, and Gemir in Iraq. The consumers‟
demand for buffalo products has been increasing in recent years because of the different
aroma, structure and natural properties of buffalo milk products. The dairy industry also
values the superior properties of buffalo milk, which make it very suitable for producing
various dairy products. The high proportion of milk solids in buffalo milk not only makes it
ideal for processing into premium products, but also contributes to some extent to save energy
during processing. The high solids content of buffalo milk reduces the need to add milk
proteins and to evaporate water during yogurt processing. Buffalo milk has twice the fat
content of cow milk, and is favored in the production of a variety of products because of its
taste and texture superior to cow milk. Lower cholesterol and higher proportion of saturated
fatty acids and conjugated fatty acids content of buffalo milk have importance from the
nutritional point of view. Being less susceptible to oxidative changes compared to cows‟ milk
is another feature of buffalo milk. This paper summarizes the valuable features of high quality
buffalo milk in the production of premium dairy products.
Keywords: Buffalo milk, production, dairy products
164
BM8_P2631
New Antiparasitic Natural Drug Trials Agains To Varroa Destructor
Mustafa Necati Muz1* Nurullah Özdemir Özdemir
2 Dilek Muz
3
*: mustafamuz@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology. , Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Virology, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Varro destructor is a very dangerous honeybee ectoparasites around the world. Treatment
methods agains to Varroa mite usually include hard chemicals which have residue and
resistance problems. According to the "One Health One Medicine" aspect origin of the animal
products for human consumption should be monitored systematically. This point needs to
develop high food security drugs for all animal origin foods like honey. The global residue
problem in honey is mostly related with chemical substances like varroacidal drugs and
agricultural chemicals. So organic treatment options are highly popular and adviced for
organic honey production and sustainable public health. A new control method that included
organic substances developed against to Varroa destructor which is very effective option for
organic honey production. Method is very economic and efficient for Varroa struggle.
Keywords: Varroa destructor, organic treatment, residue , beekeeping , apiculture, legal,
turkey
165
BM8_P2789
Comparison of Microscopic and Molecular Diagnosis of Blood Parasites in Cattles
Nuri Altuğ1 Mustafa Necati Muz
2*
*: mustafamuz@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Veterinary Internal Medicine,
Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Parasitology. , Tekirdağ, Turkey
Absract
Molecular diagnosis is an important and succesful method using fast and reliable detection of
blood parasites. Microscopic detection methods are time consuming and need a professional
expert. Blood samples collected from disease suspected cattles by local Veterinarians and
sent to parasitology laboratory. After DNA extraction PCR method carried out. As a result
twenty of the 155 samples recorded Anaplasma sp. positive, eight of the 155 samples
recorded Theileri annulata positive and one of the 155 samples recorded Babesia sp.
positive. As a result in microscopic diagnosis, 14 of 155 samples recorded Anaplasma sp.
positive, 5 of 155 samples recorded Theileria sp. positive and none of them found Babesia
positive. As a result microscopic diagnosis is found less sensitive in comparison with
molecular diagnosis in this study.
Keywords: Molecular diagnosis, cattle, blood parasites, theileria, anaplasma, babesia, Turkey
166
BM8_P2811
Genetic Analysis Of Deformed Wing Virus, Varroa Destructor Virus-1 And Acute Bee
Paralysis Virus Circulating In Honey Bee (apis Mellifera) Colonies From Turkey
Mustafa Necati Muz1 Dilek Muz
2*
*: dmuz@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Parasitology. , Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Virology, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Honey bee viruses threat the bee health causing colony declines. The molecular
characterization and the phylogenetic analysis of honey bee viruses: Acute Bee Paralysis
Virus (ABPV), Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and the Varroa Destructor of virus 1 (VDV-1)
obtained from honey bee colonies in Turkey, were investigated in this study. The honey bee
samples were homogenized and extracted for viral RNA. RT-PCR protocols and sequencing
were performed for ABPV, DWV and VDV-1. The nucleotide sequences were compared with
other country counterparts and carried out the phylogenetic trees of related genes. The capsid
gene and RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene for ABPV and capsid gene and helicase
gene for DWV- VDV1 were examined. This study revealed first molecular characterization of
ABPV, DWV and VDV-1 viruses about regarding genes from colony declined symptomatic
apiaries in Turkey.
Keywords: honey bee, deformed wing virus, varroa destructor virus-1, acute bee paralysis
virus,RT-PCR
167
BM8_P2816
Molecular Analysis of Black Queen Cell Virus Genotypes Isolated from Turkey
Dilek Muz1* Mustafa Necati Muz
2
*: dmuz@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Parasitology. , Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) is one of the most common viral honeybee pathogen causes
queen brood deaths. In this study, 126 samples collected between 2007 – 2013 from four
different ecogeographic region in Turkey were tested for BQCV. The molecular
characterization and phylogenetic analysis were investigated for capsid protein and
nonfunctional polyprotein (helicase) region. Molecular prevalance of TrBQCV was found
47,6 % by RT-PCR in sampled apiaries. Turkish native BQCV isolates were characterised by
sequence analysis to determine how they related to previously studied global counterparts. In
phylogenetic tree of current genotypes for both gene, native sequences form a separate cluster
for nonstructural gene and three clusters for capsid gene distinct from other countries. The
nonstructural gene sequences were more variable compared to capsid gene sequences. This
study reveals the first molecular genetic characterization of BQCV isolates from Turkey. The
phylogenetic results could contribute to the genetic diversity of the TrBQCVs isolates.
Keywords: Honey bee, black queen cell virus, capsid gene, helicase gene, Turkey
168
BM8_P2728
Importance of Biosecurity in Livestock Enterprises
ġeniz ÖziĢ Altınçekiç1* Mehmet Koyuncu
2
*: senizozis@gmail.com
1: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Breeding , Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
Biosecurity is defined as a series of measures which aims to protect the region where
livestock is present against hazards to occur from inside or outside. Biosecurity programme
consists of components such as planning, risk assessment, health management strategies.
Biosecurity in animal husbandry enterprises provide to improve animal health, to reduce
adjuvant therapy costs in this way by minimizing the effects of diseases and to increase the
operational profitability as well as being a vital element in protecting food safety and human
health accordingly by allowing animal products to be produced healthy and in maximum
quality.
Keywords: Biosecurity, livestock enterprises, welfare, animal health, risk management
169
BM8_P2727
An Overview of Welfare and Biosecurity in Sheep Industry
ġeniz ÖziĢ Altınçekiç1* Mehmet Koyuncu
2
*: senizozis@gmail.com
1: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Breeding , Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
This study intends to put forth observation and survey results with respect to analysis on
characteristics of animal welfare and biosecurity in Turkey. The enterprises are divided in
three groups: small-scale enterprises (50 to 100 sheep), medium-scale enterprises (101 to 150
sheep) and large-scale enterprises (above 151 sheep). According to hereby study, assessment
on certain structural and administrative features of enterprises with regard to animal welfare
and biosecurity reveals that they are insufficient but open for improvement in terms of
breeding, maintenance and administration practices, sanitation and structural characteristics.
Keywords: Biosecurity, breeding characteristics, sheep, sheep shelters, welfare
170
BM8_P2717
The Effects of Different Plumage Color Mutations on Growth Performance in Japanese
Quail
Dilruba Aksoy1* Hasan Salih YaramiĢ
2 Doğan Narinç
3
*: dilrubaksoy97@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare growth performance of Japanese quails with
different plumage colors (Golden, Dark-Brown, Speckled-Yellow, White, and Wild-type). A
total of 200 eggs were collected from five plumage color lines, and hatched wing banded
chicks were weighed weekly from hatching to 6 weeks of age. Firstly, the Profile analysis was
utilized to compare the time-dependent changes of growth patterns in different plumage color
lines, and it was determined that the profiles were not parallel (P<0.05). The highest mean
value (182.15 g) of body weight at 42 days of age was found in Golden, while the lowest
mean value (142.84 g) was determined in White mutant line. Afterwards, the Gompertz
nonlinear regression model was individually used to estimate the growth curve of all birds
from each mutation lines. Significant differences were detected among the lines in terms of
parameter β0 that represents the weight of mature age (P<0.05) and weight of inflection point
of Gompertz growth curve (P<0.05). For β0, the higher average values were estimated in
Golden, Speckled-Yellow, and Wild-Type genotypes (240.43 g, 241.16 g, and 242.28 g,
respectively) than Dark-Brown and White lines (196.91 g and 193.75 g, respectively). Similar
results were determined for body weight at point of inflection (P<0.05). The plumage color
mutations in the Japanese quail are controlled by different genes. These genes are associated
with many yield and behavioral characteristics. Determination of the effects of these genes on
different characteristics is important for poultry breeding.
Keywords: Plumage color, mutation, japanese quail, growth curve, profile analysis
171
BM8_P2718
Calf Welfare “from Birth To Weaning”
Mehmet Koyuncu1* Merve Karaca
2
*: koyuncu@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science , Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
Profitable milk and meat production is based on correct calf breeding. Postnatal longevity is
very important in the determination of the adaptation of newborns to the environmental
conditions and the profitability of the enterprises. The newborn calf is essentially without
immune protection as maternal antibodies are not transported across the placenta. Important
strategies for newborn receives adequate colostrum during the first two to three hours of life
are critical for immunity of the calf. Unfortunately the importance of feeding with colostrum
is not understood in most of the dairy farms in Turkey.
Calf mortality is now considered the most crucial indicator of welfare level; it was an
important indicator of management quality. The neonatal calf mortality seen in the first few
months constitutes 84% of the total mortality rate. The process in which the neonatal period
covering first four weeks after birth is the largest of the calf losses diarrhea is mostly caused
in this period and other deaths due to respiratory in factions during the period from 20 days to
6 months. In order to keep calf loss to a minimum level, it is necessary to know the needs and
immunity of the animals and ensure adequate care-feeding conditions. Priorities in calf
management; minimize stress at birth, maximize passive immunity, to meet the nutritional
needs of the calf and maintain animal health as can be sorted. It should not be forgotten
successful milk production is based on proper calf rearing. However, the intensive production
can result in oversights that can have very negative effects on the survival of calves and their
further growth. In order to reduce mortality and to improve rearing conditions for calf,
different welfare assessment systems have been offered. In short, on the performance of an
adult animal, the care and feeding of the calf directly affects.
Keywords: Calf, welfare, survival
172
BM8_P2688
The Role Of Heat Shock Proteins In Canine Mammary Tumors
Sevda Ġnan1*
*: sevdainan@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept.of Pathology, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplasms especially humans and dogs. In
female dogs, canine mammary tumors (CMTs) account for approximately 50% malignant and
25% metastatic behavior. In CMTs have no diagnostic molecules for determining early
tumorigenesis and definitive prognostic factors when compared to humans. Epidemiological,
clinicopathological and biochemical features of CMTs are similar to human breast carcinoma
and CMTs are taken into account by researchers. The major risk factors for CMTs include
such as intact status, nulliparity, irregular estrus cycles, cystic tumors of endometrium,
progestin treatment, olderly age and obesity problems. Heat shock proteins or stress proteins
have functions in the maintenance of cellular homeostatis. HSPs behave as molecular
chaperones under physiological functions. HSPs are classified as molecular weight and are
know with inhibiting apoptosis. Some HSPs have been related with tumorigenesis by
inhibited apoptosis signaling cascades and promoted cell proliferation. Hsp27, Hsp70, Hsp72
and Hsp90 have a role in carcinogenesis of the CMTs. Hsp90 may be a novel molecular target
fo adjuvant cancer treatment of CMTs. Hsp90 and Hsp73 are observing in neoplastic emboli
that these Hsps are important for cells with metastatic potential. Hsp90 and Hsp73 seems a
clear cut expression in mitotic cells. Hsp72 and Hsp73 are seen immunohistochemically in
infiltrative and inflammatory tumour areas. Because of high Hsp27 expression is presented in
infiltrating tumour cells, this Hsp play functions in tumour invasiveness and poor prognosis.
Hsp27 also observe keratinising cells of tumour areas. At the immunohistochemical studies,
Hsp110 is present in the cytoplasm of epithelial and interstitial cells in CMTs. As a result,
some Heat shock proteins are necessary for understading of CMTs carcinogenesis, prognosis,
metastatis and treatment.
Keywords: Canine mammary tumours, heat shock proteins, carcinogenesis, prognosis,
mitotic cells
173
BM8_P2768
Investigation of Molecular Diversity Between Turkish Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV)
Strains
B. Taylan Koç1* T. Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu
2
*: btkoc@adu.edu.tr
1: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Aydin, Turkey
2: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, City, Turkey
Abstract
Object: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is prevalent in Turkey as well as throughout the
world, which causes reproductive problems (abortions, stillbirths etc.) and economically
losses in cattle industry. We aimed in this study to investigate of molecular diversity of
BVDV strains in Turkey retrospectively. Additionally, we examined that effects of these
viruses on the herd health.
Materials and Methods: The affected cattle herd (n=45) was tested for BVDV infection by
using antigen ELISA. Two of them were found positive. Viral RNAs were isolated from
collected peripheral blood samples. PCRs were performed with previously reported primer
pairs (324-326) which were generic primers targeting to partial 5‟UTR to diagnose of all
Pestiviruses. Obtained PCR products were cleaned and then, sequenced. Relevant sequences
were compared with Turkish BVDV strains and other Pestivirus strains available from
GenBank database using phylogenetic software.
Results: Two BVDV sequences, according to the molecular assessment results on Maximum
Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) phylogenetic models, were localized on same
monophyletic clades, 1-b subtype.
Conclusion: Different BVDV subtypes have been identified previously in this farm. Newly,
detection of presence of BVDV 1-b subtype may be associated with imported animals. It
should be not forgotten to test to all imported animals against BVDV infection and then, the
negative detected animals ought to be permitted to add to herd after elimination of infection
risk.
** All authors have contributed equally to the study.
Keywords: Bovine viral diarrhea virus, molecular diversity, phylogenetic analysis
174
BM8_P2790
Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Lactation Milk Yield, Lactation Length and
Daily Milk Yield of Anatolian Buffaloes
Ertuğrul Kul1 Gökhan Filik
2* Aziz ġahin
3 Hayrettin Çayıroğlu
4
Emre Uğurlutepe5 Kursat Alkoyak
6
*: gfilik@ahievran.edu.tr
1: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
2: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kirsehir, Turkey
3: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
4: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Kirsehir, Turkey
5: Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, KırĢehir, Turkey
6: General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the some environmental factors affecting the
milk yield traits of a total of 517 Anatolian buffalo supported by General Directorate of
Agricultural Research and Policies in Amasya province, in the middle Black Sea Region of
Turkey in 2015 year. Calving age and calving season were assessed as affecting fixed factors
on daily milk yield (DMY), lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL). Calving
age was between 3 and 10 including into the later all records higher than 10. Calving season
was classified according to four calving season groups (autumn, winter, spring and summer).
The effects of fixed factors were determined by using SPSS statistical programme. The study
results demonstrated that the overall means of DMY, LMY and LL were calculated as
3.6±0.06 kg, 676.2±12.31 kg and 188.5±1.47 day, respectively. Calving age had a significant
effect on LMY and LL (P<0.05), but its effect on DMY was not significant. DMY, LMY and
LL were statistically effected by calving season (P<0.05). In concussion, milk yield traits
were affected by calving age and calving season.
Keywords: Anatolian buffaloes, lactation milk yield, lactation length,calving age, calving
season
175
BM8_P2716
Development Of Welfare And Survival in Neonatal Lamb And Kids
Mehmet Koyuncu1* Yağmur Duymaz
2
*: koyuncu@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science , Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
Neonatal mortality in small ruminants has remained stubbornly unchanging since long years,
and represents a significant loss of farm income and affects animal welfare. A significant
portion of the world protein requirement is met by sheep and goat. This is to increase the
number of lambs and kids raised by decreasing losses with the number of lambs born per root
as well as raising the intended yield of the animal breeder. Most deaths occur in the
embryonic period. Mortality rate can be up to 20-25%. Fetal period mortality is less. The rate
varies between 3-5%. Such deaths are defined by the breeders as premature delivery.
However, deaths that occurred shortly before birth and within the first postpartum period are
defined as prenatal period deaths. Deaths observed in this period are at the highest level. Post-
natal period deaths are deaths in the circuit from the weaning to the prenatal period. This
period varies from 6 weeks to 4 months. Environmental factors are more efficient in deaths in
this period. In lambs/kids, most deaths occur in the neonatal period. Causes include starvation,
lambing injuries, infectious conditions difficult birth, among others. Following birth, the lamb
or kid is exposed to bacteria and pathogens that its immune system is unfamiliar with.
Therefore, a great deal of effort should be put toward the care of pregnant and their lambs
before, during, and after birth.
Actually, industry estimates show that nearly 20 percent of lambs die before weaning with 80
percent of these losses experienced during the first 10 days of life. Research on kid pre-
weaning mortality rates shows similar trends. Realistically, pre-weaning mortality rates in
sheep and goat herds should be under 5 percent. As a result of improving the survival of
neonatal lamb and kids is essential for the economically and long-term genetic improvement.
Keywords: Lamb, kid, survival, welfare
176
BM8_P2808
Detection of BRSV from Calves in A Herd With Severe Respiratory System Disease in
Turkey
Feray Alkan1 Ilke Karayel Hacioglu
2* Nüvit CoĢkun
3 Selda Duran
Yelken4
*: ilkeekarayel@gmail.com
1: Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Viroloji Ad., Ankara, Turkey
2: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey
3: Ankara University Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine Dept. Virology, Ankara, Turkey
4: Ankara University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections in cattle are associated with several viral pathogens such as
bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1), parainfluenza
virus 3 (PI-3), rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, etc. and also some bacterial agents. It is
still an important problem of the cattle industry worldwide. Vaccines containing these
agent(s) with different formulations as live or inactivated vaccine, subunit vaccine, etc. have
been commercially available.
In this study, nasal swabs and blood samples from 3 calves, aged 39 to 50 days, with fever,
cough, sneeze, etc. in a herd with severe respiratory disease symptoms resulting high
mortality were used. All samples were examined for possible aetiological agents like
Enterovirus, PI-3 virus, BRSV, BHV-1 by PCR/RT-PCR methods. For PCRs, viral
DNA/RNA were extracted by using Trizol LS protocol. After cDNA syntesis with random
priming, PCRs were carried out by using suitable primer pairs for each pathogens. PCR
products with expected size were sequenced.
Results of PCRs and sequencing data showed that all of the nasal swab samples were found
positive for F gene region of BRSV while they were negative for other tested pathogens.
However, no investigated pathogens were detected in blood samples.
As a conclusion, BRSV was determined as the viral causative agent, in severe acute
respiratory system disease in this herd, along with or without other possible agents which
were not investigated in this study. Further studies on the isolation of new field BRSVs and
molecular characterization on G protein of BRSV, which has been used as a target for
phylogenetic analysis, are likely to provide a more detailed data to the molecular
epidemiology of BRSV infection.
Keywords: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus, respiratory infection, cattle, RT-PCR
177
BM8_P2925
The Serological Investigation of Akabane Virus (AKAV) Infection in Mugla and Aydin
Provinces
B. Taylan Koç1 Nural Erol
2*
*: nurralerroll@mynet.com
1: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Aydin, Turkey
2: Adnan Menderes University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Of Virology, Aydin, Turkey
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV), belongs to genus of Orthobunyavirinae in family of
Bunyaviridae, causes aborts, premature births, stillborns and congenital abnormalities
(arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly syndrome (AH)). Transmission of AKAV is occured
by hematogenous mosquitoes. To our study, any serological studies have not been performed
on widely areas in Mugla and Aydin provinces albeit presence of AKAV has been known. To
have information about the current condition of AKAV in these provinces is important, in
terms
of considering of dissemination and presuming of condition of infection in the future.
In this dissertation study; the presence of AKAV antibodies was investigated
among the 200 cattle, 45 camels, 81 sheep and 49 goats. For this purpose, the collected
blood sera in 2012/2013 (excluding camel blood sera samples which had been collected in
2010) from mentioned animal species were tested by commercial Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Kit (ID®screen Akabane Virus Competition Antibody
ELISA Test Kit, IDVET Diagnostics, Montpellier, France) to detect of the presence of
AKAV antibodies in Mugla and Aydin provinces. No presence of AKAV spesific
antibodies were detected in tested 375 blood sera at the result of study.
This result is positive condition in terms of AKAV for Mugla and Aydin Provinces.
The assessment of that AKAV has passive condition in these provinces may be considered
at the present. Although the presence of AKAV antibody has not been detected, risk of
reemerging of AKAV infection is still present. Especially, presences of hematogenous
mosquitoes and other arboviruses (i.e. west nile virus, bluetongue virus) in these provinces
are pointed out the requirement of methods of protection and control, once more time.
Keywords: Akabane virus (AKAV), ELISA, Mugla, Aydin
178
BM8_P2871
Biogenic Amines in Meat and Meat Products
Göksel Tırpancı Sivri1 Ahmet ġükrü Demirci
2* Mehmet Demirci
3
*: ademirci@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Eng., Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering , Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Biogenic amines are nitrogenous compounds produced by decarboxylation of free amino
acids (FAAs) mediated by amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. Histamine, putrescine,
cadaverine, tyramine, tryptamine, β-phenylethylamine, spermine, and spermidine are
considered to be the most important biogenic amines occurring in foods. Biogenic amines are
very frequently involved in human disorders since they are potentially toxic. They could be
used as quality parameter in meat and meat products which is an important component of the
human diet. Biogenic amines are produced naturally by animal, plant, and microorganism
metabolism.
The intake of foods with high concentrations of biogenic amines can cause migraine,
headaches, gastric and gastrointestinal problems, and pseudo-allergic responses, by the toxic
effect of histamine and tyramine, known respectively as “histamine poisoning” and “cheese
reaction. Meat as raw material is the natural source of the free amino acids from which
biogenic amines are produced. It also is the largest component of the matrix where the
decarboxylation reactions take place. Meat processing and storage conditions influence the
formation of biogenic amines, because they affect some of the elements which are pH, ionic
strength, substrate, concentration, inhibitors, implicated in biogenic amine production.
Various biogenic amines (spermidine, spermine, tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine), when
subjected to heat, can give rise to the formation of secondary amines, and in the presence of
nitrites, these can generate nitrosamines, chemical agents considered to possess major
carcinogenic properties. This is particularly important in some meat products with high
biogenic amine levels and added nitrates and nitrites.
There is, therefore, a clear interest in the study of toxicity and/or mutagenicity of biogenic
amines and the factors determining their formation in the context of food processing
conditions and preservation. This study is conducted to review biogenic amines in meat and
meat products, their formation conditions and effects on human health.
Keywords: Biogenic amine, meat, meat products, health effects
179
BM8_P2710
Prevalence of Poultry Ticks on Backyard Coops in Canakkale Province of Turkey
CoĢkun Konyalı1* Türker SavaĢ
2
*: ckonyali@comu.edu.tr
1: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversity, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale, Turkey
2: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
Abstract
Investigations on the prevalence of ticks were carried out between 25 August and 30
September. Canakkale was divided into 5 locations according to geographical characteristics
and in total, 124 villages and 355 coops were visited. „Location 1‟ includes coastlines of
Lapseki, Gelibolu, Eceabat and Center districts. Villages of Biga district situated in north-east
of Canakkale was named „Location 2‟.The parts of high altitude of region (Çan, Yenice and a
part of Bayramiç districts) were „Location 3‟.Ezine and a part of Bayramic districts situated
on lowland parts were named „Location 4‟.„Location 5‟ includes villages of Ayvacık district
is elongated in the south of Canakkale and coastline of Aegean Sea.In the visited coops the
presence of ticks and the conditions of the houses were recorded. Observed Ticks in surveying
backyard coops were collected and all of them were morphologically assigned to the species
Argas percius (fowl tick or poultry tick).The overall tick infestation rate was 18.3%.The
highest prevalence was detected in Location 3 (37.5%) where is located in higher parts of the
region.The prevalence of Location 2 and Location 4 was 26.3% and 22.4%, respectively.The
lowest tick prevalence rates were detected in Location 1 and Location 5 and each one of these
locations had less than 1% prevalence rates. It was observed that henhouses containing ticks
had seriously bad hygiene conditions. In highly contaminated coops chickens were also
inspected and it was seen some health problem signs, particularly dermatitis. As a result,
though no detected high prevalence in overall regions of Canakkale, especially bad coop
conditions in rural areas have serious tick problems. An infestation risk of commercial laying
hens or broiler farms is possible.Most of the owners do not know the ticks. In this context, it
is necessary to raise the awareness of the owners for control and prevention against ticks.
Keywords: infestation rate, poultry, argas percius, fowl tick, ectoparasite
180
BM8_P2929
Effects of Prewarming During Storage of Eggs on Hatchability and Chick Quality
CoĢkun Konyalı1* Mustafa Öksüz
2 Türker SavaĢ
3
*: ckonyali@comu.edu.tr
1: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversity, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale, Turkey
2: Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Zootekni Bölümü, Istanbul, Turkey
3: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Çanakkale, Turkey
Abstract
A clutch of a bankiva chicken has 8 to 12 eggs.The previously laid eggs in the clutch are
repeatedly warmed up during the laying of the consecutive eggs.We investigated whether
warming during the lay period influences hatchability and chick quality.The study was
conducted with 3 groups.Eggs in groups were stored at room temperatures during 10
days.During the storage stage, the eggs of group „everyday incubation‟ (EI) was put on
incubator daily for 15 minutes (37.70C and 55% RH). Eggs in the group „every other day‟
(EOI) were kept incubator every other day for 15 minutes.The control group (C) was stored at
room temperature without warming.On the eleventh day of storage all the eggs were placed in
incubator.Fertility of the eggs and weights were recorded on the eighteenth day of incubation
and after the eggs of all groups were taken to hatcher for three days.No significant differences
were found between groups in terms of storage weight losses (P=0.3442) and egg weights on
the eighteenth day (P=0.1620).The incubation egg weight loss between the groups was
significantly different (P=0.0429) with the EOI-eggs having higher (5.4 g) and the-EI eggs
lower incubation egg weight losses (4.7 g) as compared to controls (4.9 g).The hatchability
and fertility were not significantly different between groups (P>0.05).Although the
hatchability of fertile EI eggs was 7% higher than that of control eggs, the difference was not
significant (P=0.9815).Highest embryonic mortality was observed on the early stage.There
were no differences between groups in embryonic mortality (P>0.05).Chick weights and
lengths did not vary among groups (P>0.05).The highest respiratory rate was quantified in the
chicks of EI-eggs (96.0 times/min.), whilst these values 91.4 times/min and 86.9 times/min
for control and EOI groups, respectively (P=0.0702).The results suggest that short time
warming during the lay period does not affect hatchability and chick quality traits.
Keywords: Storage, incubator, prewarming, incubation, egg quality
181
TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
182
BM8_O2635
Effects of Pigmentation on Some Physical Properties in Cashmere Down Fibers and
Common Goat Guard Hairs
Pelin Gürkan Ünal1 Riza Atav
2*
*: riza_atav@yahoo.com
1: Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
There are three types of fibres obtained from the goat family; goat hair from common goats,
“mohair” from Angora goat, and “cashmere” from Cashmere goat. When it comes to common
goat hairs, flat and long hairs made up of coarse guard hairs come first to mind. However, in
the coat of goat there are softer, thinner and shorter down hairs other than these hairs and
sometimes these fibres are called cashmere. Cashmere, on the other hand, is a protein fibre
obtained from Cashmere goats living in high and dry plateaus from North China to Mongolia,
including the Gobi Desert. These goats are adapting their outer coat to the weather conditions
there so that they can survive. There is a much better quality of fibre under this outer fur; this
fibre is called “cashmere”. The most important characteristics of protein fibres are their
fineness, length, strength and elongation ability. There are numerous studies in the literature
on the physical properties of the common goat guard hairs, as well as the cashmere down
fibres. However, it is not common to find studies which are related with the effects of
pigmentation on the physical properties of the fibres in goat-related animals. In this study, the
fineness, length, strength and elongation values of two different coloured samples which one
of them is white and the other is coloured taken from common goat and cashmere goat were
compared comparatively. In addition, surface scale structures of the fibres were examined
with SEM. Moreover, the sulphur quantities were also measured and compared by x-ray
EDX. Studies have shown that both the strength (cN) and elongation (%) values are increased
in the presence of melanin pigment which gives colour to the cortical cells forming the cortex
layer of the fibres, whereas the fibres have higher micron values.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Common Goat, Cashmere, Down Fibre, Guard Hair, Pigmentation, Strength
183
BM8_O2912
Low Incubation Temperature During in Vitro Maturation Decrease Antioxidant
Enzyme Activity of Bovine Oocyte and Embryo
Uğur ġen1* Mehmet Kuran
2
*: ugur.sen@ahievran.edu.tr
1: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology , Samsun, Turkey
2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture., Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Samsun, Turkey
Abstract
It is know that basic variable in the cellular environment is temperature and low temperature
decrease cellular metabolism rate. Also, low cellular metabolism may reduce oxidative
activity and intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity, resulting in low ROS production. The
aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of 36.5 °C (low) and 38.5 °C
(conventional) incubation temperatures during IVM on antioxidant enzyme activity
(glutathione peroxidase; GPx) of oocytes and embryos. Bovine oocytes were maturated in
medium–199 containing 5% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum and 5.5 μg/ml sodium pyruvate
for 22 hours at either 36.5 °C or 38.5 °C incubation temperatures. Some part of in vitro
matured denuded oocytes was stored in microtubes (25 oocytes into 10 µl PBS with 1 mg/ml
PVA) at -80 °C until enzyme activity analysis. The rest of oocytes were subjected to IVF.
Putative zygotes were then cultured randomly into SOFaa embryo culture media. Embryos
develop to blastocyst were stored in microtubes (5 blastocyst into 10 µl PBS with 1 mg/ml
PVA) at -80 °C until enzyme activity analysis. Matured oocytes (low; n=100 and
conventional; n=100) and embryos development to the blastocyst stage (low; n=25 and
conventional; n=25) was selected for determine GPx activity, which was recorded
spectrophotometrically at 340 nm wavelength. GPx activity was determined using a
commercial sensitive kit. GPx activity were lower (P<0.05) in oocytes matured at low
temperature than those of conventional temperature. GPx activity were lower (P<0.05) of
blastocysts from embryos obtained oocytes matured low temperature and cultured in
antioxidants supplemented media. The results of present study show that decreasing the in
vitro maturation temperature decrease antioxidant enzyme activity in both oocyte and
blastocyst.
Keywords: bovine, maturation temperature, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, oocytes,
blastocysts
184
BM8_O2726
Surface and Strength-elongation Properties of Luxury Fibres from Different Origins
Riza Atav1 Pelin Gürkan Ünal
2*
*: pgunal@nku.edu.tr
1: Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Çorlu Mühendislik Fakültesi, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
One of the most important parameters determining the usability of protein fibers in textile
field is strength-elasticity behavior. Beyond this, when the yarn is spun and the fabric is
produced, the shrinkage and felting behavior of the fabric and the fabric handle are directly
related to the surface structure of the fibers. Therefore, in this study, the strength and elasticity
and surface structures of various hair based protein fibers have been examined. In the
experiments, 4 different scoured protein fibres (wool from sheep origin, mohair from goat
origin, angora from rabbit origin and Huacaya alpaca from camelid origin) were investigated.
It was found that strength values of alpaca and especially mohair fibres were higher than
wool. On the other hand, it was determined that angora has the lowest, Huacaya alpaca has the
highest elongation value amongst. From scanning electron microscope images, important
differences in fibre surfaces was observed.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namık Kemal University.
Keywords: Sheep , Angora Goat , Angora Rabbit , Huacaya Alpaca , fibre, strength,
elongation
185
BM8_O2734
Technological Process of Preparation of Meat Sheep in Traditional Way in Kosovo
Hysen Bytyqi1*
*: hysen.bytyqi@uni-pr.edu
1: University Of Prishtina , Prishtina , Kosovo
Abstract
Through this work aims to provide information about the sheep meat production in Kosovoin
in the traditional form. The study was associated with the preparation way of meat production,
thus its entire preparatory technological process. During this study the slaughtering process of
sheep (i.e., starting from slaughtering of animal, removal of blood, extraction of organs,
peeling skin till gaining the meat of the Sheep in traditional way, was followed. Besides this,
the objective was also to identify the sheep meat yield and the amount of meta produced per
year in the sheep holding households, the way of storage, its use etc. For this purpose a survey
in 120 farms including six regions of Kosovo, was conducted. Sheep farms were randomly
selected. Results, from this study show that in Kosovo the sheep meat is mainly consumed as
fresh meat, very little amount as ham and “Pasterma”. Technological production process
differed slightly between the regions of Kosovo, while for some regions “Pasterm” is
considered to be the regional product only in the region of Prizren and the technological
process was rather different.
Keywords: Sheep meat , traditional way, technological process
186
BM8_O2924
Evaluation of the Mechanization Situation in Livestock Production in Turkey
Songul Gursoy1*
*: songul.gursoy@dicle.edu.tr
1: Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery and Technology Engineering ,
Diyarbakır, Turkey
Abstract
Livestock have always been an important part of agricultural production in Turkey. Chores
are tedious and time consuming in livestock production. The main chores in livestock
production are preparing the animal feed, watering, herding, milking, cleaning livestock
yards, collecting animal feed. Therefore, mechanization, automation and emerging
technologies are very important factors in reducing labor and modernizing livestock
production.
This paper includes the current situation of the livestock mechanization in Turkey, main
mechanization problems in livestock production and suggestions for development of
mechanization.
Keywords: Livestock, mechanization , Turkey, milking, animal husbandry
187
BM8_O2737
Traditional Cottage Cheese Production and Its Diversity in Kosovo
Kaltrina Berisha1* Driton Sylejmani
2 Hamidi Afrim
3
Hajrip Mehmeti 4 Hysen Bytyqi
5
*: k.berisha1@hotmail.com
1: Szent Istvan University - Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Dept. of Biotechnology ,
Godollo, Hungary
2: University of Prishtina "hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Dept.of Veterinary Medicine ,
Prishtina, Kosovo
3: University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Department of Veterinary, Kosovo, Prishtina,
Kosovo
4: University of Prishtina ''hasan Prishtina , Prishtinë, Kosovo
5: University of Prishtina , Prishtina , Kosovo
Abstract
The study was conducted to identify the technological process of cottage cheese production as
well as its diversity produced in Kosovo in traditional way. The data were collected by survey
realized during the period October 2015 – April 2016. The sample size was calculated as 450
small-scale household and were randomly selected, representing all regions of Kosovo. The
data were collected by face to face survey in rural settlements. The study was focused on the
mode of cottage cheese production, as a way of coagulation, pasteurization, storage and use of
cottage cheese produced. According to study result, it was found that in Kosovo is
characterized by a very small diversity of cottage cheese produced in the traditional form and
the technological process of curd production in Kosovo differed slightly between the regions
of Kosovo (mainly in the way of coagulation of curd).
Keywords: Cottage cheese , technological process , diversity, traditional way.
188
BM8_P2736
Technological Process of Preparation of Meat Sheep in Traditional Way in Kosovo
Kaltrina Berisha1* Hamidi Afrim
2 Driton Sylejmani
3
Hajrip Mehmeti 4 Hysen Bytyqi
5
*: k.berisha1@hotmail.com
1: Szent Istvan University - Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Dept. of Biotechnology ,
Godollo, Hungary
2: University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Department of Veterinary, Kosovo, Prishtina,
Kosovo
3: University of Prishtina "hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, Dept.of Veterinary Medicine ,
Prishtina, Kosovo
4: University of Prishtina ''hasan Prishtina , Prishtinë, Kosovo
5: University of Prishtina , Prishtina , Kosovo
Abstract
Through this work aims to provide information about the sheep meat production in Kosovo in
the traditional form. The study was associated with the preparation way of meat production,
thus its entire preparatory technological process. During this study the slaughtering process of
sheep (i.e., starting from slaughtering of animal, removal of blood, extraction of organs,
peeling skin till gaining the meat of the Sheep in traditional way, was followed. Besides this,
the objective was also to identify the sheep meat yield and the amount of meta produced per
year in the sheep holding households, the way of storage, its use etc. For this purpose a survey
in 120 farms including six regions of Kosovo, was conducted. Sheep farms were randomly
selected. Results, from this study show that in Kosovo the sheep meat is mainly consumed as
fresh meat, very little amount as ham and “Pasterma”. Technological production process
differed slightly between the regions of Kosovo, while for some regions “Pasterm” is
considered to be the regional product only in the region of Prizren and the technological
process was rather different.
Keywords: Sheep Meat , traditional Forms , technological process
189
BM8_O2899
The Effect of Birth Weight to Muscle Fiber Type at Karayaka Female Lambs
Emre ġirin1* Uğur ġen
2 Yüksel Aksoy
3 Zafer UlutaĢ
4 Mehmet Kuran
5
*: emre.sirin@ahievran.edu.tr
1: Ahi Evran University, Agricultural Faculty, Department Of Agricultural Biotechnology, KırĢehir, Turkey
2: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agric., Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Samsun, Turkey
3: EskiĢehir Osmangazi University, Agricultural Faculty, Dept. of Animal Science, Eskisehir Turkey
4: Niğde Ömer Halis Demir University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Dept. of Animal
Production and Technologies, Niğde Turkey
5: Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Samsun,
Turkey
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to determine whether different birth weight of lambs affects
muscle fiber types and numbers in lambs at the end of the fattening period. Experimental
animals were female Karayaka lambs housed in GOPU Faculty of Agriculture, Department of
Animal Science. Female lambs were allocated randomly into 3 groups. Female lambs,
according to birth weight; namely; 1. group (low birth weight), 2. group (high birth weight)
and 3. group (low birth weight). Lambs on group 1. and 2. were subjected to ad-libitum
feeding for 60 days. Lambs on group 3 fattened up to mean weight of group 2 lambs and
lambs were slaughtered at the end of fattening period and samples were taken from the LD,
ST and SM muscles. These samples were subjected to ATPase and SDH staning to determine
contractile and metabolic type of muscle fibers. In female lambs, results showed that LD, ST
and SM muscles in the muscle fibers types total numbers in ST and LD muscle were not
affected birth weights (P>0.05). But there were differences between group 1 and 2 in terms of
Type I muscle fiber mean area in ST muscle (P<0.05). Additionally, there were not also
differences among groups in terms of musle fiber rate on muscle metabolic types according to
SDH staining at female lambs. In this study, birth weight has not effected total number of
muscle fiber in all groups in LD, ST and SM muscle, except the weight of the end of fattening
period.
Keywords: Lamb ,birth weight,fattening ,muscle fibers
190
191
TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
192
BM8_P2879
Red Meat Production in Turkey
Mehmet Demirci1 Osman ġimĢek
1 ġefik Kurultay
1 M. Ġhsan Soysal
2
Ġsmail Yılmaz1 Murat TaĢan
1 Ümit Geçgel
1
*: ugecgel@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
According to TUIK data, there has been a significant increase in the number of livestock‟s
and production amounts of animal products in the last 10 years in Turkey. The number of
cattle, sheep and goats totalling 43 million head in 2006 reached 55.5 million in 2016. This
number included about 14 million cattle, 31 million sheep and 10.5 million goats. This
increase in the number of animals was also reflected in the amount of production, and red
meat production, which was 438 thousand tons in 2006, increased about 2.5 times to 1.173
thousand tons in 2016. The increase in milk production amounted to 18.5 million tons from
12 million tons during the same period. On the other hand, although red meat consumption in
Turkey reaches 16 kg per person per year, this value is behind the world average. The most
important reason for this is the insufficient supply of livestock‟s compared to the population.
As a result, Turkey has been importing to meet the need for red meat, trying to make up for it
by importing meat from other countries, especially countries like Bosnia-Herzegovina, Poland
and Germany.
Keywords: Red meat, Turkey, red meat production
193
BM8_P2877
Meat Quality and Physicochemical Properties of Lamb Meat
Ġsmail Yılmaz1 ġefik Kurultay
1 Osman ġimĢek
1 Mehmet Demirci
1
M. Ġhsan Soysal2 Murat TaĢan
1 Ümit Geçgel
1
*: ugecgel@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
All over the word especially industrialized countries has increased the demand for high
quality and healthy organic and traditional food. Lamb diet is one of the major environmental
factors which affect carcass and meat quality. It is believed that meat of lamb and sheep
produced on pasture has an excellent nutritional quality and better taste. Nowadays, a growing
concern of consumers is shifting on the relation between the proportion of lipid consumption
and effects on human health. Lamb meat quality and carcass depend on many
physicochemical factors such as feeding system, breed, age, sex, live weight, and muscle
location. These factors can particularly affect meat quality features such as color, water-
holding capacity, sensory characteristics, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile. Especially
fatty acid composition of lamb fat is directly affected by diet. As a consequence of this,
saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids are proportionally changed. The
recommended ratio of PUFA to SFA should be above 0.4.
Keywords: Lamb meat, physicochemical properties, pufa
194
BM8_P2750
The Effect of Using Cross-breeding Method in Increasing Production and Improving
Swine Meat Quality
Rotaru Ilie1*
*: i.rotaru@uasm.md
1: State Agrarian University of Moldova, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Biotechnologies, Dept. of Special
Zootechnics, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of
Abstract
This paper presents a new concept of increasing production and improving swine meat quality
by implementing a new system of swine growth and cross-breeding. It is established the fact
that the problem of competitive meat production is determined by the growth of heterosis
effect after using new parental genotypic combinations obtained according to genetic and
productive potential of animal breeds and hybrids.
The result of researches made confirms the improvement of organoeleptic, nutritional and
technological meat characteristics achieved from commercial hybrids, being updated on food
safety plan, having a direct impact on consumers health and welfare.
The investigations that were carried out contribute to the development of hibridization
specific as well as on reasoning the formation and increase process of swine meat production.
Keywords: Hybridization, swine, heterosis, breed
195
BM8_P2876
Nutritional Facts of Goat Meat
Osman Simsek*1
Sefik Kurultay1 Mehmet Demirci
1 M. Ihsan Soysal
2
Ismail Yilmaz1 Murat Tasan
1 Umit Gecgel
1
*: osimsek@nku.edu.tr
1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey;
Abstract
According to TUIK statistics, Turkey‟s goat population was around 10.137.534 heads in
2016. In Turkey, the goats are bred particularly in mountainous areas, forests and pastures due
to unavailability for other agricultural products. Turkey traditional goat husbandry has been
oriented into a double production objective, meat and milk. In addition, in the other some
developing countries, goats are used also for fibre or skin. Goat meat composes one of the
main origins of animal protein in the human diet in these countries. In recent years, increasing
demand of cheese from goat milk, more caution is given by the breeders in Turkey. The
quality of goat products is affected by various factors. These are environmental conditions,
soil characteristics, biotic and abiotic factors. Goat meat has an important role in human
nutrition because it includes necessary amino acids such as lysine, threonine and tryptophan.
At the same time, goat meat is considered lean with just the 1% fat. Moreover, it is known
from lower fat and cholesterol content, and lower saturated fatty acid levels in comparison
with other red meats. Therefore, the goat meat is considered to be the perfect healthy option
owing to its lower intramuscular fat levels.
Keywords: Goat, goat meat, meat quality
196
BM8_P2856
Usage Possibilities of Fish Gelatin in Foods
T. GümüĢ1 D.D. Altan
1 Ġ. Palabıyık A.ġ. Demirci
1 N.O. IĢık
2 F. Akyüz
3
1:Namık Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag
2:Namık Kemal University, Çorlu Vocational School, Leather Techology Program, Çorlu-Tekirdag
3:Istanbul University, Technics Sciences Vocatioanl School, Leather Technology Program, Istanbul
Abstract
Gelatin is a mixture of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen,
which is the most common protein in the animal kingdom. Collagen is characterized by its
high content of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline.
In the food industry, gelatin is used as an ingredient to improve the texture, consistency and
stability of foods. They are used in jelly production, confectionary, edible films,
encapsulation, fruit juice clarification, dairy processing, soups, etc. Most commercial gelatins
are currently derived from beef bone and hide, pig skin and bones, but for many socio-cultural
and religious reasons alternative sources, like fish skins, are highly demanded especially in
halal and kosher food markets.
Fish skins, bones, fins, scales and swim bladder are mainly used to obtain gelatin. Production
of fish gelatin is considered as a better way of utilization of the processing wastes from the
fishing industry. Also, fish gelatin (especially from warm-water fish) reportedly possesses
similar characteristics to porcine gelatin and may thus be considered as an alternative to
mammalian gelatin for use in food products.
Keywords: gelatin, fish gelatin, foods
197
BM8_P2874
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (cla) Content in Animal Products
Umit Gecgel1*
Sefik Kurultay1 Osman Simsek
1 Mehmet Demirci
1
M.Ihsan Soysal2 Murat Tasan
1 Ismail Yilmaz
1
*: ugecgel@nku.edu.tr
1: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey.
2: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, 59100, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an 18 carbons polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) with two
conjugated double bonds, separated by one single bond. The conjugated bonds may be in cis
or trans configuration and generally take place at positions 9 and 11 as well as 10 and 12. The
cis-9, trans-11 octadecadienoic acid (CLA, denominated Rumenic acid) which is the major
and most active isomers of CLA and may represent up to 80% of the total CLA and is derived
from linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LnA). This fatty acid is especially present in
meat and dairy products of ruminant animals (such as milk, butter, yogurt and cheese).
Amounts of CLA in dairy products range between 3.3 and 8.0 mg/g of fat. On the other hand,
CLA is also available in human blood, tissues and breast milk. CLA has positive health
effects on widespread diseases such as obesity, diabetes, decreasing body fat and increasing
lean body mass, protecting against immune-induced muscle wasting and cardiovascular
diseases. Additionally, it has been recommended that CLA not only reduce initiation,
promotion, and progression steps of cancer development, but also reduce metastasis of
cancer.
Keywords: CLA, conjugated linoleic acid, animal products
198
BM8_P2875
Effect of Fatty Acid Composition on Red Meat Quality
Sefik Kurultay*1
Osman Simsek1 Ismail Yilmaz
1 Mehmet Demirci
1
M. Ihsan Soysal2 Murat Tasan
1 Umit Gecgel
1
*: skurultay@nku.edu.tr
1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey;
Abstract
Red meats are a perfect source of essential vitamins, minerals, high biological value protein
all of which are necessary for good health throughout life. But at the same time red meat,
especially from ruminant animals such as pork, beef, goat and mutton, has a bad reputation
because of its high saturated fatty acids (SFA, mainly palmitic and stearic acids) content, low
ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to SFA, and high ω-6: ω-3 ratio. The composition
of fatty acids in the meat and milk of ruminants rely on their nutrition. The fatty acid
composition of fats defines its degree of saturation, and thus, considerably affects its quality.
Fatty acids, specifically oleic and linoleic acid also influence meat flavor. These fatty acids
change sheep and goat flavors. In addition, feeding systems may be able to effect carcass
quality and the fatty acids profile of the red meat. Therefore, the fundamental purpose of new
feeding strategies of animal nutrition is to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids and to reduce
saturated fatty acids in diet. However, fatty acids with double bonds are more susceptible to
oxygen incorporation into their structure and oxidation process.
Keywords: fatty acid composition,red meat,red meat quality
199
BM8_P2873
Buffalo Meat and Its Characteristic Properties
M. Ihsan Soysal*1
Osman Simsek2 Sefik Kurultay
2 Mehmet Demirci
2
Ismail Yilmaz2 Murat Tasan
2 Umit Gecgel
2
*: misoysal@nku.edu.tr
1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey;
2: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Buffalo farming is a traditional activity in the city of Istanbul, which nowadays includes about
10% of the total buffalo population in Turkey. The main objective of this is the production of
meat, which can be an alternative resource of animal protein for Turkish population. Meat
quality is a term used to define the range of features such as palatability, flavour, juiciness,
appearance and tenderness. Buffalo meat is richer in iron, includes higher amount of high
biological value protein and essential fatty acids, lower fat, cholesterol and calories than cattle
meat (beef). Additionally, the fatty acid composition of buffalo fat influences the nutritional
value of the meat and affects flavour and shelf life. On the other hand, buffaloes have low
economic value since historically there has been a very restricted market for buffalo meat, in
spite of the fact that different studies have focused on its high-quality standards which are
comparable to beef. In recent years, due to human health and product quality, the fatty acid
composition and cholesterol levels in meat have received rising concern and buffalo meat
could respond to consumer demands.
Keywords: Buffalo, buffalo meat, buffalo meat quality
200
BM8_P2878
Nutritional Value of Offal Products
Murat Tasan*1
ġefik Kurultay1 Osman Simsek
1 Mehmet Demirci
1
M. Ihsan Soysal2 Ismail Yılmaz
1 Umit Gecgel
1
*: mtasan@nku.edu.tr
1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Abstract
Offal, or organ meats, refers to the internal organs such as liver, kidney, heart, lungs, spleen,
and entrails of a butchered animal, composes of a substantial portion of an animal‟s meat
weight. It is also defined as those parts of a meat from a carcass which are not skeletal
muscle. Edible offal meats have recently received important concern, especially those for
human consumption, owing to their nutritional qualities and the worldwide emphasis on
decreasing economical losses from wasting food. Efficient utilization of edible offal is
necessary in order to support economical and viable meat production system. These products
are sold in local meat markets and they are widely consumed in traditional Turkish meals like
soups and kebabs. Offal consumption in Turkey is generally higher than in most of other
countries. Offal products are good source of protein, and especially very valuable for its
nutrition. They are also good source of B-groups vitamin, dietary phosphorus and iron.
Moreover, they are rich in fat and cholesterol content.
Keywords: Offal, offal products, nutritional value
201
BM8_P2641
Egg Quality Characteristics of Atak-s Layer iIn Free-range System
Ġsmail Türker1* Sezai Alkan
1
*: durmusi19@hotmail.com
1: Ordu University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ordu- Turkey
Abstract
The study was carried out to determine egg quality characteristics of Atak-S in free-range
system. A total of 150 Atak-S hens were used. After the hens had reached 50% egg
production, external and internal egg quality characteristics were determined until 80 weeks
of age.
It was determined that as the average egg weight 63.11 g, shape index 75.22, shell breaking
strength 1.46 kg / cm2, shell thickness 0.35 mm, specific gravity 1.079 g/cm
3, shell color 80,
yellow index 47.83, haugh unit 86.30, yolk color 13 and meat and blood spot ratio 30.89% of
Atak-S eggs.
As a result, Atak-S eggs were found to be good in terms of weight, shape index, shell
thickness, white index, yellow index, haugh unit and yolk color, but the values of specific
gravity, shell breaking strength, meat and blood spot were low.
Keywords: atak-s, egg quality, free-range system
202
BM8_P2702
The Evaluation of Cow Manure as a Vermicompost: The Case of Wheat (triticum
Vulgaris L.) Experiment
Neriman Tuba Barlas1* Borahan Cönkeroğlu
2 Gonca Unal
3 Korkmaz Bellitürk
4
*: tubabarlas@hotmail.com
1: Ege University Agricultural Faculty, Ġzmir, Turkey
2: Vermis Agritrade Co., Izmir, Turkey
3: Vermis Agritrade Co Ltd, Izmir, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Soil Sci. and Plant Nutrition, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Vermicompost is a material that is received after a process of digestion some kinds of
composts by earthworm. It has an extensive usage in agriculture such as soil conditioner,
source of organic fertilizer in both organic and inorganic agriculture.
In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of vermicomposts combinated to soil and
peat on wheat (Triticum vulgaris L.) growth and nutrition.
For these purpose, an air dried soil and peat were mixed with three rates of vermicompost
equivalent to 0% (control), 25% and 50% (v/v) combinations. The treatments were replicated
three times.
The data revealed that dry matter weight and nutritional concentration of aerial parts was
influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by the application of vermicompost in the growth media.
This study suggests that the vermicompost use in plant production has a role as a source of
nutrients for plant growth.
Keywords: Cow manure, vermicompost, wheat, triticum vulgaris l., plant nutrition, peat
203
REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
204
BM8_O2844
Sheep and Goat Production in Balkan Countries and The Status of Turkey
AyĢe ġen1* Ahmet Refik Önal
2 Muhittin Özder
3
Erkan Pehlivan4 Gürsel Dellal
5
*: aysesen@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept.of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
5: Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Ankara, Turkey
Abstract
Sheep and goat production is the most important animal production in Balkan countries cause
the cultural conception choice. Mainly the production made for dual purpose as wool and
lamb. The number of the live animals changes in the Balkan and east European countries by
different factors.
According to the statistical data the biggest number of sheep with 31.140.244 heads, and goat
with 10.344.936 heads in Turkey. The structure of pasture has a big role in this factor. The
length of the green grass in pasture areas was mainly short and available for sheep and goat
feeding. Greece and Bulgaria follow Turkey with 9.072.000 and 1.369.578 heads of sheep
respectively and 4.255.000 and 289.308 heads of goat respectively in 2014.
The aim of this study was evaluation of goat and sheep numbers, product such as milk, meat,
wool and skin data in Turkey and other Balkan countries from 1960s to 2014.
Keywords: Balkan countries, goat,sheep, wool, meat,milk
205
BM8_O2998
Synchronization of Fresh and Frozen Cells Obtained from Livestock
Sezen Arat1*
1*Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
Abstract
The most important step of NT is to synchronize the cells of desired animal at desired cell
cycle stage for cloning. The aim of the project is to synchronize different type of cells (such
as; skin fibroblast, muscle cells, cartilage cells and granulosa cells) obtained from various
species (such as; cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo) at a particular cell cycle stage using a variety
of methods (serum starvation, contact inhibition and roscovitin), to determine the potential
harmful effects of methods on these cells, and to determine the less hazardous and the best
method. After synchronization experiments, cells were analysed by flow cytometry for cell
viability, apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle stage. As a result of this study, one or a few cell
synchronization options giving highest rate of G1/G0 and having lowest harmful effect on
cells were identified for four different cell types used at least on time for nuclear transfer
studies and resulted live birth. In addition, thinking of cells stored in frozen cell banks in the
scope of genetic resources conservation program, all methods were applied on both fresh and
frozen cells in comparison. This research was supported by TUBITAK with grant numbers
TOVAG-1120932 and Namık Kemal University with grant numbers
NKUBAP.00.24.AR.12.10
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University.
Keywords: Cell culture, cell cycle, cell synchronization, reprogramming, nuclear transfer,
flow cytometry
206
BM8_O2996
Cell Isolation from Livestock and Cry-conservation of Animal Cel
Sezen Arat1*
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Abstract
Cloning of organisms with nuclear transfer (NT), namely production of genetic copy of
organisms, is the most advanced point of today‟s modern biotechnology and assisted
reproductive technique. One of the main material for cloning process is the cell of animal
which is chosen for cloning. Therefore, the most important step of NT is to isolate the cells of
desired animal for cloning and also to cryopreserve them for long period. The aim of the
project is to isolate different type of cells (such as; skin fibroblast, muscle cells, cartilage cells
and granulosa cells) obtained from various species (such as; cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo)
and cryopreserve them by using differen cryoprotectant combinations. While the ratio of
necrotic and apoptotic cells was increased when the serum ratio in the freezing solution
decreased. The highest cell viability was obtained from freezing solution containing 10%
DMSO, 40% serum, in dextran 40 or dextrose. This research was supported by TUBITAK
with grant numbers TOVAG-1120932 and Namik Kemal University with grant numbers
NKUBAP.00.24.AR.12.10
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University.
Keywords: cell culture, cell isolation, cryopreservation, nuclear transfer, flow cytometry
207
BM8_O2706
The Effect of Royal Jelly Used in Different Methods on Puberty in Ewe Lambs
Ömer ġengül1* Ġbrahim Ak
2 Berna Emsen Steinman
3
*: omersengul@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science , Bursa, Turkey
3: Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Erzurum, Turkey
Abstract
In this study, the effects of royal jelly on puberty in ¼ Romanov and ¾ crossbred
Morkaraman female lambs were investigated. Royal jelly was applied in two ways; oral and
intravaginal. In the female lambs, the rate of estrus, day and time (in hours) of estrus was
observed and determined by real time ultrasonography (for pregnancy) and laparoscopic
(ovary examination). In this experiment, there were three groups of female lambs, in which
the first group consists of 15 animals were treated with royal jelly through intravaginal. In
second group there were 15 female lambs and they were treated orally, whereas the third
group which is a control group that consists of 10 female lambs had not being treated with
royal jelly. Estrus rates in the groups of royal jelly used by intravaginal and oral were
observed as 13 and 20% respectively, whereas within the control group there was no estrus
activity. However, estrus interval in both groups was observed in 3rd
-5th
days after the
withdrawal of the treatment. All the animals observed were found to have had an active
ovarium when observed during estrus activity by the ovarium examination.
Keywords: Honey bee, reproduction, sheep, puberty, follicle
208
BM8_O2829
The Effect of Trehalose on Post-thaw Drone Sperm Motility and Plasma Membrane
Integrity
Zekariya Nur1* Selvinar Seven Çakmak
2 Ġbrahim Çakmak
3 Nail Tekin Önder
4
Elif Gökçe4 Burcu Ustuner
4 M.Berk Toker
4 Selim Alçay
5 M.kemal Soylu
4
*: nurzek@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University Veterinary Faculty , Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludağ Üniversitesi, Agam, Bursa, Turkey
3: Uludag University, Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Bursa, Turkey
4: Uludağ University, Institute of Health Sciences, Dept. of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Bursa,
Turkey
5: Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation has led to increase in widespread use and practicability of assisted
reproductive techniques not only for domestic animals but also for humans and non-
mammalian animals. Drone semen was frozen with different cryoprotectans. DMSO was the
most frequently cryoprotectant that is used with the aim of the freezing drone semen. The aim
of the current study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of DMSO (0%, 6%
or 12%) in extenders with 0.05M, 0.1M or no trehalose on post-thaw drone semen motility
and plasma membrane integrity. Seven different extenders were designated as follows;
containing 0%DMSO and no trehalose extender as the control group, extender with the 6% or
12% DMSO was supplemented with the 0.05M, 0.1M or no trehalose respectively. Extended
semen was frozen with LN2 vapor for the 10min and then plunged in LN until thawing. Post-
thaw semen motility and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated under phase-contrast
microscopy (400×). The highest percentages of post-thaw motility were observed in the 12%
DMSO groups. It was observed that post-thaw motility and membrane integrity were higher
in the trehalose supplemented groups. The motility (0%) and plasma membrane integrity
(17%) obtained in the control group was lowest among groups. In conclusion, the freeze-thaw
process is detrimental to post-thaw drone semen viability. When the extender groups,
especially those with DMSO%12 were supplemented with 0.05 M or 0.1 M trehalose, a
greater cryoprotective effect was observed.
Acknowledgment: This work were supported by TUBĠTAK (Project Number:
TOVAG215O586)
Keywords: Honey bee , drone semen ,cryoprotectans , DMSO , trehalose
209
REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
210
BM8_P2640
Artificial Reproduction of Nile Tilapia (oreochromis Niloticus) Under Controlled
Conditions
Ġlker YavaĢ1* Yusuf Bozkurt
2 Tugba Korkmaz Yavas
3
*: iyavas@mku.edu.tr
1: Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept.of Reproduction and Art. Ins., Hatay, Turkey
2: Iskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Hatay, Turkey
3: Ministry of Food and Livestock, Hatay, Turkey
Abstract
The Nile tilapia is one of the most cultivated freshwater fish species in the world
aquaculture. Although Nile tilapia is a freshwater fish, it can tolerate a wide range of salinity.
Therefore, the expansion of its culture in sea and brackishwater has attracted the attention of
fish farmers in recent years. This species has great breeding potential due to its hardiness
against worse environmental conditions, fast growth rate, adaptation to different
environmental conditions (e.g. salinity, temperature) and also good organoleptic
characteristics of its flesh.
However, limited reports have addressed related with artificial propagation of Nile tilapia.
Therefore, standardization and simplification of the artificial reproduction procedure for the
Nile tilapia is needed for commercial application. Before anything else, there are some
difficulties in artificial propagation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). It is possible to
indicate that, ovulation of eggs, spermiation of spermatozoa, induced breeding of the
broodfish, fertilization and incubation of eggs and also survival of the emryo and larvaes are
the main challenges that need to be resolved. From this point of view, findings of this research
significantly contribute improving of the artificial propagation of the of the Nile tilapia.
Keywords: Nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus, reproduction, induced breeding, fertilization
211
BM8_P2731
Specialization of Lingual Structures in the Avian Tongue
Serkan Erdoğan1* Shin-Ichi Iwasaki
2
*: serdogan@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Anatomy, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry At Niigata, Dept. of Physiology, Niigata, Japan
Abstract
Tongues of birds exhibit common as well as varying anatomical characteristics in terms of
surface morphology, structure and topographical distribution of lingual papillae as well as
distinct specialized structures, epithelial layers, taste buds and lingual glands. This study
evaluates the important morphological peculiarities of the tongue, focusing on the relationship
between anatomical features and feeding functions. The intrinsic lingual muscles in mammals
include systems of transverse and longitudinal fibers that are not directly attached to the
hyobranchial apparatus. However, there are no true intrinsic lingual muscles in avian species.
The avian tongue is a comparatively rigid structure because of its poorly developed intrinsic
musculature and thick epidermal epithelium. Stratification and keratinization appeared to have
been the most important changes in the lingual epithelium during the evolutionary adaptation
of vertebrates from a wet to a dry habitat. Most of birds have a papillary crest which as known
row of conical papillae between root and body of the tongue and it functions mechanically.
There are no exact gustatory papillae , analogous to those in the mammalian tongue, in birds.
The dorsal surfaces of most of the avian tongues are covered by keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium. In the oral cavity, the submucosa and lamina propria contain collagen
and elastic fibers, blood vessels, nervous plexuses, ganglia, Herbst corpuscles, lymphoid
infiltrates and muscles. In birds, taste buds are situated deep in the epithelium and birds have
fewer taste buds than other tetrapods. The lingual glands are distributed throughout the lamina
propria, submucosa and entoglossum except at the tip of the tongue. The structure,
distribution and strategic localization of lingual papillae and other lingual projections on the
dorsal surface of the tongue, the lingual skeletal system, and keratinization all reflect feeding
mode, adaptation to habitat, catching of prey or food, and lifestyle.
Keywords: Lingual papillae, muscle, epithelium, gland, bird
212
BM8_P2735
Function-related Morphological Features of the Avian Tongue
Serkan Erdoğan1* Shin-Ichi Iwasaki
2
*: serdogan@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Anatomy, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry At Niigata, Dept. Of Physiology, Niigata, Japan
Abstract
As a reflection of different life styles and environment, the tongue of vertebrates, which plays
a major role in the intake and swallowing of food, displays significant morphological
differences. The gross form and microscopic structure of the avian tongue differ greatly
according to lifestyle. The avian tongue plays a fundamental role in many functions such as
capturing, filtering, sucking and manipulating food in order to compensate absence of
subsidiary organs like teeth in the oropharyngeal cavity. Variations in lingual papillae play an
important role in feeding of birds, as they represent a structure similar to teeth in the upper
and lower beaks and can be used to hold and direct food in the oropharyngeal cavity. The
diversity of feeding adaptations among birds is revealed in the form and function of their
feeding apparatus, and morphological adaptations of avian tongues are also closely associated
with discrete eating habits, nutrient types, diet and living in different habitats, in addition to
the shape of the lower beak. If their environment changes organisms must adapt or specialize
to survive. Thus, feeding adaptation in conjunction with specialization of the feeding
apparatus, in particular the tongue, is essential for birds, which have very high metabolic
activity and energy requirements as compared to other vertebrates.
Keywords: Function, anatomy, tongue, bird
213
BM8_P2678
Superfood Spirulina Platensis and Animal Feeding
Nilay Seyidoglu1*
*: nseyidoglu@nku.edu.tr
1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
The nutritional value of feeding is very important for animals. There have been several foods
and additives which used as dietary feeding, and researches that observed their importance.
Belong this issue, Spirulina platensis is the most nutritious food which is attracting attention
recent years. S. platensis is being rich in protein, vitamins, fatty acid composition and
antioxidants. It can be used for different animals as a food additive, and it has been an impact
effect on improving immunity, growth and reproductive performance, and egg and meat
quality. Besides that, it also important for aquacultural world.
Nowadays, the studies focused on natural effects of this interesting microalgae in animal
husbandry for improving health and quality of animal products. This study, it‟s aimed to
evaluate the nutrition effects of S.platensis in animal feedings, shown by researches and case
reports. Nevertheless, it‟s gained the importance of this microalgae whether or not side effect
on animal health. As a result, in nutrition worldwide, there has been a lot of food additive are
waiting for use. So, this study is an introduction of S.platensis for animal feeding.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University.
Keywords: Spirulina platensis, animal feeding , food additive
214
BM8_P2687
Human Animal Bond and Interaction
Nilay Seyidoglu1 Gürsel Dinç
2*
*: gdinc@nku.edu.tr
1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary, Dept. of Anatomy, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
The Association of Human Veterinarians (AVMA) has defined the human animal bond and
interaction a useful and dynamic collabration between human and animals for health and
grace of both sides. The importance of animal rights and welfare has begun to be pronounced
in recent years, while it has based on the interests of humans extends to the first ages.
Human animal bond is based on emotions. Scientists asserted one of the most basic
motivation of being a human is orginated from animal love. They also reported that this
animal love is an interpolation of biology and culture. However, this bond of love is both
variable and complex. Though animals are our closest firends, at the same time, they are our
food or our passenger animals or our laboratory test subjects.
The truth of human and animal interaction is to recognize each other, contact and share the
powers mutually. The positive effects of this sharing is the subject of the studies about the
health and life quality on both sides. This study is presented the importance of human animal
bond and interaction, the animals that are being evaluated for this and the place of the human
animal bond and interaction in the world.
This study is supported by Scientific Activities Support Program of Namik Kemal University
Keywords: Human-animal bond ,human-animal interaction behavior,behavior
215
BM8_P2707
Relationship Between Body Condition Score In Dry Period Or Different Lactation Days
And Selected Reproductive Parameters In Dairy Cow
Nurcan Karslıoğlu Kara1* Mehmet Koyuncu
2
*: nkara@uludag.edu.tr
1: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
2: Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Bursa, Turkey
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between body condition
score in dry-off, calving or different lactation days with body condition change inter-these
periods and selected reproductive parameters. In this study, body condition scoring (using a 5-
point scale with quarter-point divisions) was performed on 130 Holstein dairy cows in six
period included dry-off (BCSD), calving (BCSC), days in milk (DIM) 70, 140, 210 and 280
(BCS70, BCS140, BCS210, BCS280) and analyzed its relationship with selected reproductive
parameters (calving interval, calving to first service, calving to conception interval and
service per conception). The relationship among the BCS assessment periods, the relationship
between the difference of BCSD and BCS70 (BCSD-70) with BCSD and BCS140 (BCSD-140) and
calving to first service (CFS) were found important (P<0,01, P<0,05 respectively ). Also, the
relationship between CFS and calving interval (CI) and average BCS (BCSavg) during
lactation was found important (P<0,01, P<0,05). While the relationship with dry-off and
calving and selected reproductive parameters was not found to be statistically important, an
important relationship was found between BCS70 and CFS, CI (P<0,01, P<0,05), BCS140 and
BCS210 with CFS (P<0,01, P<0,05). When the effect of the determined relationships were
assessed, the effects of BCS70 and BCS140 on CFS were found important (P<0,05, P<0,01). As
a conclusion, it can be said that optimum BCS interval in DIM70 and DIM140 are 2,0< BCS70
≤ 3,5 and 2,0< BCS140 ≤ 3,75; respectively for minimum CFS.
Keywords: Body condition score,dairy cow,holstein,reproduction,reproductive performance
216
BM8_P2744
Studies on Life Cycles of Nasonia Vitripennis (pteromalidae:hymenoptera) on
Calliphora Vicina (calliphoridae:diptera) as Forensic Indicator in Turkey, New Record
Lütfiye Gençer1* Yakup ġenyüz
2 Hasan Ari
3
*: gencer@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
1: Cumhuriyet University, Sivas , Turkey
2: Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Art and Science Department of Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
3: Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Kütahya, Turkey
Abstract
Following death insect are usually the first to research a corpe and the most important and
essential components of the decomposition process. Insects successions on carcass are usually
the source of information with criminal events. The developmental rate of insects are their
faunal progression are being increasingly utilized in determining the time of death time of
human death from the post-mortem interval. Calliphorids are the primary and most accurate
forensic indicator of time of death. Calliphora vicina is important fly for forensic entomology
with the other species belong to Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae. Nasonia
vitripennis is parasitoid of Calliphora vicina. Although life cycles of host C. vicina and
parasitoid N. vitripennis has been described separely life cycles of parasitoid-host relationship
has not been described together. In this study is determined life cycles in host-parasitoĢd
relationship of C. vicina and N. vitripennis. Although N. vitripennis is cosmopolitan and its
biology is well known, this is the first study for Turkey of N. vitripennis as a forensic
indicator.
Keywords: nasonia vitripennis ,calliphora vicina ,parasitoid ,host ,turkey
217
BM8_P2629
Association Heat Shock Protein with Some Physiological Parameters in Goats
Nazan Koluman1* Serap Goncu
2
*: nazankoluman@gmail.com
1: Cukurova University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Animal Science, Adana, Turkey
2: Cukurova Univ., Adana, Turkey
Abstract
Stress is abroad term generally used in negative connotation and is described as the
cumulative detrimental effect of a variety of factors on the health and performance of animals,
these factors predispose mammals to physiological, metabolic or immunological stresses
Pearce(2014) .Heat stress is a significant issue for many livestock, the impact of heat stress
on dairy animals include reduced feed intake but greater nutritional energy requirement,
reduced fertility, increased respiratory and heart rates, panting activity, increased peripheral
blood flow and sweating, reduced milk production and lower milk quality Dunn et al.(2014)
and West et al.(2002) .Because heat shock protein are highly conserved proteins activated by
numerous physiological and physical stressors Yang et al. (2006) and confer thermo tolerance
and the ability of the cell to survive injury and oxidative stress Craig (1988) by reducing the
accumulation of damaged or abnormal polypeptides within cells Parsell and Lindquist (1993).
They perform a crucial role in intracellular transport by maintaining proteins in an inactive
form and preventing protein degradation Neuer et al. (2000). Additionally Hsps60, Hsps70 are
localized in mitochondria cytoplasm, nucleus, endoplasmic, reticulum Adiyaman (2014).
These heat shock proteins which are needed for the protection of the organism from stress
also provides the balance between the folded and misfolded protein
Keywords: Heat shock, goat, physilogy
218
LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS AND MARKETING
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
219
BM8_P2769
A Survey for Current Status of Karacabey Merino Sheep Breeders
M. Ġhsan Soysal1* Eser Kemal Gürcan
2 Emel Özkan Ünal
3 Önder Eken
4
*: misoysal@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Facuty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Present study was aimed to show the situation of Karacabey Merino Sheep breeding in
Tekirdag. As the same time, economic and social statuses of sheep breeders were detected
with results of questionnaire in this region. For this purpose, whole breeders were especially
chosen from participating in improvement projects. The education status is consisted of
mostly elementary school (78%) then high school (22%) in the respondent breeders in survey.
All breeders were explained to have some additional incomes from other agricultural
production. The main income was the sale of live animal for meat production. The average
herd size is found 200 heads and animals are grazed by breeders as personally. Animals were
raised in sheep pen nearly 100 day on difficult winter condition. Generally, pasture grazing
season is between March and November months. The breeders determined that the most
frequent health problem is parasites and spring months are breeding season for animal. All the
breeders expressed that they were satisfied with improvement projects of sheep.
Keywords: Karacabey merino sheep, breeding of sheep, status of sheep breeders
220
BM8_P2913
The Effect of Lactic Acid And Basillus Bacteries on Beef Cattle Manure Compost
Process and Quality
Alper Onenc1*
*: alperonenc@gmail.com
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science , Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Composting is the biological decomposition and stabilization of organic material. The process
produces heat that, in turn, produces a final product that is stable, free of pathogens and viable
plant seeds, and can be beneficially applied to the land. As the product stabilizes, odours are
reduced and pathogens eliminated. There are various composting methods such as bins,
passive windrows, turned windrows, aerated static piles and in-vessel channels. The proper
approach depends on the time to complete composting, the material and volume to be
decomposed, space available, the availability of resources (labour, finances, etc.) and the
quality of finished product required. On the other hand, there is necessity to decrease labour
and time also to increase quality.
In this study, good bacteries are used to decrease composting process time and to increase
quality on beef cattle manure. Three groups were formed, in group 1, manure pile was non
turned and added good bacteries, in group 2 manure pile was turned six times added good
bacteries, in group 3 manure pile was turned 6 times. Temperature was taken every week,
manure samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter, C, N, C/N, N, P, K, fluvic and humic
acids content at the initial and 56 days. The results showed that good bacteries improved the
beef manure compost quality
Keywords: Composting, beef manure, good bacteries
221
BM8_P2682
Investigation of Ventilation and Lighting Systems Sufficiency in Closed Type
Traditional Water Buffalo Barns in Turkey*
Israfil Kocaman1* Cömert Kurç
2
*: ikocaman@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystem Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
Farm animals emit heat, water vapor and various gases into the barn environment. The heat,
humidity, harmful odour and gas given by the animals to the barn environment must be
thrown out from barn without reaching the level that could be harmful to the animals. This
condition can be achieved by a change of air between the outside environment and barn
within certain limits. This research was conducted in order to determine the sufficiency of
existing ventilation and lighting from point of animal welfare in Istanbul Province where has
great importance for traditional water buffalo husbandry. As a result of the research, it was
determined that 38.7% of the barns had no ventilation chimneys and windows were used as
air inlet and outlet in these barns. Window areas for lighting had great difference among water
buffalo barns and the window area ratio were determined as between 0.66 and 4.80%
depending on the floor area. When these data and climate condition of study region were
evaluated based on literature knowledges, it was showed that the requirement of climatic
condition for animal welfare could not be met at optimal level in the traditional water buffalo
barns.
*The study was supported by TOVAG of TUBITAK with project number 115O602.
Keywords: Water buffalo barns, ventilation, lighting, animal welfare
222
BM8_P2683
Determination of Project Outdoor Temperature According to Different Seasons for
Planning of Animal Production Structures Located in the Thrace Part of Istanbul
Province*
Israfil Kocaman1* Cömert Kurç
2 Can Burak Sisman
3
*: ikocaman@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystem Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
Abstract
It is necessary to prepare animal barn plans which are suitable for the special conditions of the
various climatic regions and to improve their existing animal barns in order to ensure the
appropriate indoor conditions in our country where has several climatic conditions has
depend on regions. The climatic conditions are one of the most effective factors in this regard.
Suitable and economic balance should be ensured between indoor and outdoor climatic
conditions for planning of animal barns. The determination of project outdoor temperature is
one of most important matters with regards to providing climatic conditions in the closed type
animal barns, calculation of heat-moisture balance and determination of economic
construction for structures.
This study was carried out in order to determine the project outdoor temperature related to the
planning of animal production facilities in Thrace part of Istanbul Province depend on
different seasons. As a result of the study, it was found that the project outdoor temperature
could be taken as -1.0 o C for the winter season, 10.0
o C for the transition seasons and 26.6
o C
for the summer season.
*The study was supported by TOVAG of TUBITAK with project number 115O602.
Keywords: Animal barns, project outdoor temperature, heat-moisture balance
223
224
BM8_P2681
A Study on Mist Cooling System in the Water Buffalo Barn*
Israfil Kocaman1* Can Burak Sisman
2 Cömert Kurç
3 Erhan Gezer
4
*: ikocaman@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystem Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Tekirdag, Turkey
4: Namik Kemal University Biosystem Engineering Department, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Water buffaloes are more susceptible to heat stress than other cattle due to their physiological
and genetic structures. These animals try to cool off in the lakes, streams or puddles to avoid
heat stress. A set of precautions must be taken to tolerate heat stress for the water buffaloes
grown in the barns. The most common method is to build cooling ponds in the practice.
However, building cooling ponds has some disadvantages, and these are space occupation and
extra fund for farmers due to building and operation costs. Also, cooling ponds may cause
some problems in terms of environmental pollution, human and animal welfare. To tolerate
these problem, mist cooling system could be suggested instead of cooling ponds.
This study was carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of mist cooling system
which is easy and economical method on summer and transition seasons under high ambition
temperature for the current and newly planned water buffalo enterprises. As a result of the
study, the ambient temperature could be reduced by 6-8 oC with mist cooling system,
depending on moisture content. It has been shown that it is possible to keep the ambient
temperature below 25 oC, which is considered to be the starting point of stress for livestock.
*The study was supported by TOVAG of TUBITAK with project number 115O602.
Keywords: Water buffalo, mist cooling system, heat stress
225
BM8_P2826
Ornamental Fish Culture in A Fully Controlled Recirculating Systems
Çetin Yağcilar1* Fatih Özen
2 Cemal Polat
3
*: cyagcilar@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Vocational School of Tecnical Sciences, Control and Automation Technology,
Tekirdağ, Turkey
3: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Food Engineering, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
In the closed recirculating systems in which the ornamental fish farming is carried out, it is
necessary to provide the most suitable environmental conditions for the fish cultured in order
to obtain the fish growth with low cost. In this study, a system has been set up to monitor,
control and collect various parameters in 150 aquariums. In the newly set-up system,
automatic control of the water levels in all aquariums, keeping the water in the aquariums at a
constant-desired temperature and measuring the temperature values are aimed. The system is
based on PLC and SCADA. In the system, communication between the used communication
protocol and the system units is also provided. The data obtained from the system are
monitored instantly on the computer and recorded in the database in the desired periods, the
data recorded in the database is able to be reported retrospectively and displayed graphically.
Keywords: Ornamental fish farming, recirculating systems, PLC, SCADA.
226
BM8_P2690
Evaluation of Livestock Farming Organizations in Turkey in Terms of Agricultural
Supports
Gülen Özdemir1* Ġbrahim Halil Bakır
2
*: gozdemir@nku.edu.tr
1: Namık Kemal University, Faculty Of Agriculture, Dept. Of Agricultural Economics, Tekirdağ, Turkey
2: Ministry Of Agriculture, Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Agriculture has many differences compared to other sectors, especially due to the livestock
structure. For this reason, increasing the incomes of producers in our country and all over the
world are supported in various forms with purposes such as environment-friendly and
sustainable production and self-sufficiency.
Organization has an important role in achieving success in agricultural production as well as
in every area. An organized agriculture sector can reduce the disadvantages of the agriculture
sector by providing production planning, marketing and efficiency gains. In addition to these,
producer organizations; Agricultural support, the keeping of statistical data, and farmer
education can share the workload of public administrations. As in the case of animal
husbandry support, directing producers to organize can provide many benefits in addition to
the main aims of agricultural support.
The existing agricultural supports in our country are granted under the name of area based
supports, watershed based difference payments, animal husbandry support, compensatory
support, insurance support, other support, rural development support and IPARD support. In
the year 2015, most important support in agriculture was in livestock farming with TL
2,973,000,000. Various support and duties are given to livestock organizations in support of
livestock farming support. These organizations are; Corps of Breeders for Cultivation
established in accordance with the Law No. 5996, Farmers Associations established in
accordance with the Law No. 5200 and Agricultural Cooperatives established in accordance
with the Law No. 1163, which is allowed to be established by the Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock. In order to analyze all these and to evaluate the contribution of
agriculture, in this study it was tried to determine the importance and effect of producer
organizations in terms of agricultural support in Turkey.
Keywords: Livestock farming,organizations,agricultural supports,cooperatives
227
BM8_P2901
Comparison of Two Methods Using Measurement of The Surface Area of The M.
Longissimus Dorsi (MLD)*
Aykut Asım AkbaĢ1* Mehmet Sarı
2 Ozkan Elmaz
3 Mustafa Saatci
4
*: icould_akbas@hotmail.com
1: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Zootekni A.d., Burdur, Turkey
2: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Animal Science, Burdur, Turkey
3: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur, Turkey
4: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Zootekni A.d., Burdur, Turkey
Abstract
Using accurate and objective methods for determining carcass traits is so important in terms
of obtaining facility for efford and time savings. The purpose of this study was to compare
two different methods, planimeter method and a new method with Autocad software
programme, using measurement of the surface area of the M. longissimus dorsi (MLD). In the
study, MLD area from 47 lambs with HemĢin and Tuj breeds and 63 kids with Saanen,
Honamlı and Hair breeds were used. In a new procedure, the surface area of the MLD was
traced onto acetate papers and then transferred to a computer by scanning. The AutoCAD
software program was used to calculate the area of the MLD.
In the study, statistically significant (P< 0.001) correlation coefficients between planimeter
method and software method were detected as 0.998 and 0.993 for lambs and kids,
respectively. The Autocad method can be use as a time saving practical usage instead of
planimeter method. This method should be applied the samples from directly obtained from
carcass measurements. Also, this technique can be conbine with the some image capturing
methods, to reach the reliable results in a short time.
*The data were obtained from a part of projects supported by The Scientific and
Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), projects no: 215O879 and 111O456
and also Kafkas University Scientific Research Project Comission, Project No: VF-56
Keywords: Autocad, musculus longissimus dorsi, planimeter
228
BM8_P2733
Characteristics, Productivity And Using Areas Of Bee Venom
Recep Sirali1 Dilruba Aksoy
2*
*: dilrubaksoy97@gmail.com
1: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept of Zootechnics and Animal Nutrition,
Tekirdag, Turkey
2: Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Tekirdağ, Turkey
Abstract
Bee venom is venom gland secretions of worker bees. These glands are located in the bee
colony of female individuals. Bee venom has a unique taste and aroma and acid trait. It means
a material which when in contact with air dries quickly crystallized. Although the poisons
obtained from apis species are similar in structure, there are slight differences in the structure
of poisons from bee species and various bee races. 88% of bee venom is composed of water.
In addition, at least 18 pharmacological active ingredients have been identified in bee venom,
including glucose and fructose sugars, phospholipid structures, various enzymes, proteins,
peptides, amines and amino acids. Proteins and enzymes are the most important elements in
the effectiveness of bee venom. The bee poison is produced by the old workers bees in the 15
days who serve in the hive. The amount of wet poison that honey bees possess varies from
0.05 to 0.3 mg depending on the season and the age of the bee. A 0.1 mg dry bee venom can
be produced from 0.3 mg wet poison at the needle point of the bee. 1 g of dry bee venom
there are at least a million bee stings to the requirement to obtain produced with the help of
special devices the electric current of about 12 volt power. Production and use in medicine in
recent years due to the pharmacologic effects of bee venom is increasing every day. It has
been reported that honey bee poison has a very complex structure and contains many
biochemical and pharmacological active substances.
In this review has discussed the physical and chemical properties, collecting, storing,
economic value, marketing and use in in therapy of bee venom and also provides information
about the drugs produced from bee venom.
Keywords: Bee venom, characteristics, productivity, using areas
229
BM8_P2691
Bovine Breeding in Yozgat Province and It’s Importance for Turkey
Orhan Ermetin1* Ahmet HaĢim Keskin
2
*: orhan.ermetin@bozok.edu.tr
1: Bozok University. Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey
2: Ministry of Food, Agriculture And Livestock Turkey Soil Water And Desertification Control Research
Ġnstitute, Konya, Turkey
Abstract
Milk and meat consumption is indispensable for human health and nutrition. An important
part of the consumption of milk (92%) and meat (30%) is provided from cattle and buffalo in
Turkey. This study was carried out in order to determine the current status of bovine breeding,
its development potential and its place in the country's economy in Yozgat province. Total
number of cattle is 205.500 heads in Yozgat province. Pure cattle breeds are 113.025, the
crossbreeds are 69.870, native breads are 20.550 and buffalo are 2.055 heads in this total
number of bovine. The percentage of these bovine animals of Turkey; Pure breeds of cattle
are 45.8%, crossbreeds are 41.2%, native breeds are 12.9% and buffaloes are 1%. On the
other hand, the rate of these genotypes at livestock of Yozgat is 55%, 34%, 10% and 1%
respectively. Despite the high number of pure breeds and their crossbreeds are approaching
90%, unfortunately this ratio is not reflected positively in meat and milk production, due to
the lack of care and feeding conditions.
Most of the bovine breeding farms are small and family scale farms in Yozgat province. In
addition, the average milk production per dairy cattle is 2396 lt / year. The province's total
milk production is 18 million 655 thousand tons of which 90,8% is cow's milk, 6,3% sheep
milk, 2,6% goat's milk and 0,3% buffalo milk. The amount of meat obtained from cattle and
buffalo are 7950 tons.
The development of livestock in the area can be achieved by increasing operational capacities,
improving bovine breeding conditions and by making more conscious shelters designed for
animal welfare.
Keywords: Bovine breeding, meat production, milk production, Yozgat
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