academic english writing skills mdm siti aisyah binti akiah faculty of science, technology &...
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ACADEMIC ENGLISHWRITING SKILLSMdm Siti Aisyah binti AkiahFaculty of Science, Technology & Human Development
Introduction
WRITINGTYPE 1
Interpreting Information Based on a Set of Non-
linear SourcesWrite a linear text
(150-200 words)
TYPE 2Extended WritingWrite an essay, report, article
or letter(at least 350
words)
2 UWB10102- Academic English
Question 1
You are expected to write a short linear text of 150 to 200 words based on: a headline from a local newspaper a bar chart a table a line graph a pie chart a pictograph a flow chart
UWB10102 – Academic English3
Question 1
Study the following examples of non-linear texts and see how these can be analysed to extract only the relevant
information.
UWB10102 – Academic English4
Question 1:: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::
Line Graph
UWB10102 – Academic English5
Question 1:: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::
Bar Chart
UWB10102 – Academic English6
Question 1:: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::
Pictograph
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Question 1:: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::
Pie Chart
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Question 1:: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::
Table
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Question 1:: Examples of Non-Linear Texts ::
Flow Chart
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Question 1:: How to analyse and interpret non-linear texts? :: ‘to analyse’ is to examine the data provided to
discover the relevant/essential information presented to be put in the linear texts
1. Skim the text read through the texts quickly to get a general idea
of the information given read the titles, labels and any notes provided take note of the units of measurements usedNote: • If possible, highlight the keywords in the
question.
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2. Extract relevant information using the following questions
Question InformationWhat is the data about? OverviewWhat is the general trend indicated?
Controlling idea
What is the most relevant / important information?
Analysis & Synthesis(should only be based on the
given texts)What can be concluded from the information?
ConclusionUWB10102 – Academic English12
Question 1:: How to analyse and interpret non-linear texts? ::
3. Write the Draft Since the essay is 150 to 200 words only, it will be helpful to follow the general plan given below:
(a) Introduction begin with a very general statement to describe what the non- linear sources are about. Then write a sentence to describe the general trend.
(b) Body analyse and synthesise only the relevant data, significant trends or significant features.
(c) Conclusion write a concluding sentence to summarise the data/information
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Question 1:: How to analyse and interpret non-linear texts? ::
Things to Remember: The report must be concise but accurate. You have to make use of the existing data given in the
visuals only. While developing the outline into a linear text,
use a variety of sentences and a wide range of words / vocabulary
use linkers or transition words to give your linear text coherence
use words of phrases that describe information in a non-linear source
‘to synthesise’ is to combine separate sets of relevant information presented in the non-linear texts to form a coherent linear text
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Question 1:: How to analyse and interpret non-linear texts? ::
Question 1:: Vocabulary :: To denote a rise:
Verbs Adverbs Adjectives
increaseincrease steadily
(move up gradually at regular intervals)
a steep increase
go upgo up sharply
(a sudden rise)a gradual increase
riseincrease rapidly
(rise at a fast rate)
a record high (the highest point in the
graph)escalate
(the increased amount is much higher) UWB10102 – Academic English15
Question 1:: Vocabulary :: To denote a drop:
Verbs Adverbs Adjectivesdecrease decrease steadily
(drop gradually at regular intervals)
a steep drop
decline fall sharply/steeply (a sudden drop)
a gradual decrease (drop at a slow rate)
fall decline rapidly (drop at a fast rate)
a record low (the lowest point in the
graph)go down a downward trend
dip (a small drop before a
rise)UWB10102 – Academic English16
Question 1:: Language :: To describe a trend that shows a rapid change
in an irregular manner (quick, short up-and-down movements): fluctuate (verb)
To describe a trend where there is little change: Verb: stabilize Adjective: stable growth, prices are stable,
prices remain constant, unchanged
To show comparison:more than, less than, higher than, lower than, least, most, highest, lowest
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Question 1:: Language ::
Think about the time period presented in the non-linear sources and the tenses should be used. E.g. If the period mentioned is between 2005-2008, the verb
tenses used to describe the information is in past form For flow charts, use the simple present form in the active and
passive voice if you are describing a process that is routine.
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