accessibility geek upv2
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AccessibilityGeekUp 25th October 2007
• Accessibility is a subset of Usability.
• It is usability for disabled users
Accessibility & Usability
The Nature of the Web – It’s a User Interface!
Accessibility – The official Why
2. Uh – it’s the law• The position in the UK, unlike many countries, is relatively clear. Private and public
sector Websites face accessibility obligations under the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA).
Part III of the DDA (which came into force on 1st October 1999 ) refers to the provision of goods, facilities and services. The Code of Practice, which specifically mentions websites, can be downloaded in its entirety from the DRC website.
• The most relevant quotes from the Code of Practice are:
* 2.2 (p7): “The Disability Discrimination Act makes it unlawful for a service provider to discriminate against a disabled person by refusing to provide any service which it provides to members of the public.”
• To make 'reasonable adjustments' in circumstances in which the effect of that failure is to make it impossible or unreasonably difficult for the disabled person to make use of any such services. (19(1)(b))
Accessibility – US legislation
2. Corporate responsibility (US)
• The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Sections 504 and 508) -Two sections within the Rehabilitation Act, as amended (93 & 98), have impact on accessible web design. These are Sections 504 and 508. – 504: programs receiving federal funds may not discriminate against
those with disabilities – 508: a set of accessibility standards for Federal Electronics and
Information Technology • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - two major sections in the ADA
that may apply to Web accessibility:– communications with persons with disabilities must be "as effective as
communications with others" (Title II)– public accommodation of people with disabilities (Title III)
Accessibility – the real why
1. Greater penetration and effectiveness
• The Legal and General Case - The following ‘indirect’ benefits were noted post re-design:
– A 30% increase in natural search-engine traffic– A significant improvement in Google rankings for all target keywords– 75% reduction in time for pages to load– Cross browser-compatibility increased (not a single complaint since the
redesign)– Site now accessible to mobile devices– Time to manage content reduced from average of five days to 0.5 days per job– 95% increase in visitors getting a life insurance quote– 90% increase in Life insurance sales online– Savings of £200K annually on site maintenance– 100% return on investment in less than 12 months.
Selling Accessibility
• seo
• avoiding litigation and bad publicity
• maintenance
• market share
• better interoperability
• improved usability for everyone
• improved performance - shorter download time
The Seven Deadly Sins, approximately..
• Text resizing breaks layout
• Small clickable areas - especially on a-z menus
• Unforgiving search
• No site map
• No handheld style sheet
• No custom error page
• Client side form validation
• No skip links
• No labels on form elements, or legends & fieldset
• Crappy (or no) heading structure
• Nav bars not marked up as lists
• incorrect alt text
Accessibility – Resources
If you go nowhere else then go to ACCESSIFY.COM
It has:
• A forum where expert and free advice can be found relating to all matters of accessibility
• Accessibility related News
• Accessibility tools
Accessibility – Resources – Sites and books
• WebAIM, a non-profit organization dedicated to improving accessibility to online learning materials.
• Joe Clarke – ‘Building Accessible Websites’ –
http://joeclark.org/book/ (online)
• Mark Pilgrim – ‘Dive into Accessibility’ –
http://diveintoaccessibility.org/ (online)
• Jim Thatcher et al – ‘Constructing Accessible Websites’ (book)
Accessibility – Tools & Resources
• IE6 Web Accessibility Toolbar
• Developer toolbar
• Grease monkey scripts e.g. table inspector
• Jaws (Demo version)
• TAW, Cynthia says, ShiteMorse
• W3C Validator
• WDG Validator for batch validation
• Tools on Accessify
• Gez Lemon
• Video of blind guy using a screenreader
• Firefox screen reader emulator extension (fangs)
• Firefox screen reader (fire vox)
Cubist Society Homepage
Testing for Accessibility Compliance
1. Turn off JavaScript
2. Turn off CSS
3. Turn off Images
4. Check ALT text
5. Change font size
6. Linearise page
7. Check for headings
8. Check for lists (in HTML)
9. Listen in Jaws
10.Navigate using keyboard
10.Check form fields have labels
11.Check data tables are marked up correctly
12.Check dynamic content e.g. Video & Audio
13.Check link text
14.Resize window
15.Validate HTML
16.Turn off Flash
17.Check acronyms, abbreviations
Ajax – the technology (not the detergent)
• Doesn’t require the traditional "submit data — retrieve web page" methodology
• so…
• more streamlined applications that require less processing and data transmission because entire web pages do not need to be generated for each change that occurs
Ajax – (“because something is happening here / But you don’t know what it is / Do you, Mister Jones?” )
• Bottom Line:
• There doesn't appear to be any reliable way to notify screen readers of an update in the DOM.
• Gez Lemon has posted a hack for Jaws 7.1 that improves upon the way it updates its virtual buffer
Progressive enschmancement and Disgraceful degredation
• Graceful Degredation – creates pages for the latest browsers that would also work well in older versions of browser software
• Progressive enhancement uses web technologies in a layered fashion that allows everyone to access the basic content and functionality of a web page, using any browser or Internet connection, while also providing those with better bandwidth or more advanced browser software an enhanced version of the page.
Another Dilbert Cartoon
How do you insult a front end developer?
• Call him a div.
Step 5:
The End
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