accessory digestive glands
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ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDSLIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND PANCREASLIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND PANCREAS
TO IDENTIFY THE EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER AND PANCREAS
TO IDENTIFY THE EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER AND PANCREAS
TO EXAMINE THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND PANCREAS
TO EXAMINE THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE LIVER, GALLBLADDER, AND PANCREAS
TO CORRELATE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THESE ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
TO CORRELATE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THESE ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDSACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
- synthesizes and secretes enzymes via a system of ducts that are essential for digestion in the intestine
- synthesizes and secretes hormones into the bloodstream to regulate glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
- COMPOUND ACINOUS GLAND
- EACH ACINI CONSIST OF 5-8 PYRAMIDAL CELLS THAT SIT ON A BASAL LAMINA AND SURROUND A CENTRAL LUMEN
ACINAR CELLS
- BASALLY LOCATED NUCLEI & RER
- SUPRANUCLEAR GOLGI ZONE
- ZYMOGENIC GRANULES CONTAINING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN APICAL REGION
CENTROACINAR CELLS
- LINE LUMEN OF ACINUS
- SECRETE LARGE AMOUNTS OF BICARBONATE
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
INTERCALATED DUCTS
INTRALOBULAR DUCTS
INTERLOBULAR DUCTS
MAIN DUCTS
PANCREAS H&EPANCREAS H&E
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
INTERCALATED DUCTSINTERCALATED DUCTS- lined with simple squamous epithelium
INTRALOBULAR DUCTSINTRALOBULAR DUCTS
- lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
- size on the order of magnitude of acini
INTERLOBULAR DUCTSINTERLOBULAR DUCTS
- lined with simple columnar epithelium
- found in fibroconnective tissue septa
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
ACINAR CELLS
- BASALLY LOCATED NUCLEI & RER
- SUPRANUCLEAR GOLGI ZONE
- ZYMOGENIC GRANULES CONTAINING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN APICAL REGION
CENTROACINAR CELLS
- LINE LUMEN OF ACINUS
- SECRETE LARGE AMOUNTS OF BICARBONATE
trypsinogen, amylase, lipasetrypsinogen, amylase, lipase
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
INTERCALATED DUCTS
PANCREAS H&EPANCREAS H&E
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
1) EXOCRINE PORTION PANCREAS H&EPANCREAS H&E
EXO-EXO-ENDO-ENDO-
2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
- PRINCIPLE FUNCTION IS TO SECRETE HORMONES THAT REGULATE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
- MASSES OF RICHLY VASCULARIZED ENDOCRINE CELLS SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE PANCREAS
- SEPARATED FROM SURROUNDING ACINAR CELLS BY THIN CAPSULE OF RETICULAR FIBERS
- 3 CELL TYPES IN ISLET DISTINGUISHED ONLY VIA SPECIAL STAINS
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
PANCREAS
2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
CELL TYPES:
1) ALPHA CELLS (20%)
2) BETA CELLS (75%)
3) DELTA CELLS (5%)
- SECRETE GLUCAGON; RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
- SECRETE INSULIN; LOWERS BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
- SECRETE SOMATOSTATIN; INHIBITS GLUCAGON AND INSULIN SECRETION
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
1) EXOCRINE PORTION
2) ENDOCRINE PORTION
- synthesizes and secretes bile via a system of ducts that is essential for digestion in the intestine
- synthesizes and secretes numerous plasma proteins into the bloodstream: (albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, lipoproteins, etc.)
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
PORTA HEPATIS
PORTAL TRIAD
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
Classical Liver Lobule
- basic functional unit of liver
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
CLASSIC LOBULE PORTAL LOBULE LIVER ACINUS
- central vein at center
- hexagonal in shape
- portal triad at corners
- portal triad at center
- triangular in shape
- central vein at corners
- short axis: branches of portal triad between 2 classic lobules
- long axis: between 2 central veins
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
1 HEPATOCYTES
2 SINUSOIDS
3 SPACE OF DISSE
4 BILE CANALICULI
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
1 HEPATOCYTES
2 SINUSOIDS
3 SPACE OF DISSE
4 BILE CANALICULI
- perisinusoidal space between basal surfaces of the endothelial cells and the surfaces of the hepatocytes
- small canal beginning the biliary tree formed by apposed grooves in adjacent hepatocytes
LIVERLIVER
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
LIVER H&ELIVER H&E
PV
HA
BD
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
BILE DUCTSBILE DUCTS- lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER LIVER H&ELIVER H&E
1 HEPATOCYTES
2 SINUSOIDS
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER LIVERLIVER
RETICULAR FIBER MESHWORK
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
RETICULAR FIBER MESHWORK
KUPFFER CELLS
- phagocytic cell, liver macrophage
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
KUPFFER CELLS
CV
LIVER H&ELIVER H&E
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
KUPFFER CELLS
LIVER H&ELIVER H&E
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
3-D APPRECIATION FOR HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OBSERVED IN 2-D
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVER
3-D LOOK AT THE BILIARY SYSTEM3-D LOOK AT THE BILIARY SYSTEM
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVERLIVER H&ELIVER H&E
SITE OF HEMOPOEISIS DURING EARLY GESTATION
SITE OF HEMOPOEISIS DURING EARLY GESTATION
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
LIVERLIVER H&ELIVER H&E
SITE OF HEMOPOEISIS DURING EARLY GESTATION
SITE OF HEMOPOEISIS DURING EARLY GESTATION
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
GALLBLADDER
ROUTE OF BILE
HEPATOCYTE
BILE CANALICULI
RT & LT HEPATIC DUCTS
COMMON BILE DUCT
FILLING OF GALLBLADDER
- LOCATION FOR CONCENTRATION AND STORAGE OF BILE
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
GALLBLADDER
THREE LAYERS:
1) MUCOSA
- lined with tall columnar epithelium and underlying basal lamina & lamina propria
- mucosa highly folded and irregular
2) MUSCULARIS EXTERNA
- layers of smooth muscle with irregular orientation
3) ADVENTITIA or SEROSA
- NO MUSCULARIS MUCOSA OR SUBMUCOSA -
ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE GLANDS
GALLBLADDER
EPITHELIUM:
- tall columnar epithelium and underlying basal lamina & lamina propria
- basally located nuclei
- fine microvilli border
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