advancing climate and air quality database management … · 2015-03-19 · advancing climate and...

Advancing Climate and Air Quality Database Management Systems

and Emissions Inventories in Developing Countries

International workshop on road transport emissions:

Methodologies for assessing emission factors and inventories

Brussels , 26 September 2013

Mauricio Osses 1,2, James Lents 2, Nicole Davis 3 1 Universidad Santa María, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chile

2 International Sustainable Systems Research Center - ISSRC, USA 3 Center for Environmental Research & Technology – CE-CERT, UCR, USA

ISSRC Identified 3 Areas to Try and Make an Initial Contribution on AQM

1. Provide a tool to estimate on-road mobile source emissions

2. Make available information designed to help developing countries implement their air quality management policies

3. Create a system to manage complex environmental related data to allow for effective and meaningful air quality improvement plan development

2

ISSRC Identified 3 Areas to Try and Make an Initial Contribution on AQM

1. Provide a tool to estimate on-road mobile source emissions IVE

2. Make available information designed to help developing countries implement their air quality management policies AQBook

3. Create a system to manage complex environmental related data to allow for effective and meaningful air quality improvement plan development IED

3

ISSRC’s Partners and Cities to Date

U.S. EPA

Hewlett

Foundation

The Energy

Foundation

World Bank

EMBARQ--World Resource Institute

4

International Vehicle Emissions Model http://www.issrc.org/ive/

The International Vehicle Emissions Model IVE

Estimate emissions for passenger cars, trucks, buses, three- and two-wheel vehicles for important urban pollutants, toxics, and global warming gases

Includes gasoline, diesel, natural gas, propane, and alcohol fueled vehicles

Incorporates a straightforward methodology to collect the needed modeling information

Allow users a way to update the emission factors when local data is available and adapt to the local situation

6

IVE Model & Implementation Status First Release in 2003, last update in May 2010

Available free on the internet at www.issrc.org

Refined data collection methodology (snapshot of vehicle activity, driving patterns and starts, and in-use emissions in any remote location)

2-3 weeks in field, reasonable costs

All major vehicle types covered

Laboratory not required

Field studies have resulted in 15

location specific information to supplement the base IVE model (also available on website)

7

IVE Model Highlights & Progress 1500 registered users from air quality agencies

and universities around the world In use in sixteen countries (that we know of) Recommended by INE to be the national model

for calculating emissions in Mexico Used along with several other models as the basis

of the national model for vehicles in China Reviewed along with other important emission

models (February, 2009 AWMA Journal) Rated: Easiest to use model/Most accurate model for

developing countries Compared with: U.S.EPA Mobile, California EMFAC,

European COPERT model and others.

8

IVE Operates in Five Languages

9

IVE in the Future

Add Black Carbon emission factors Provide a way to distribute emissions over a grid

system to support air quality modeling Add off-road mobile sources Continually update emission factors, add new

vehicles, and update driving and other adjustments as scientific research provides new data

Would like to add Portuguese and Turkish as supported languages

10

Methodology IVE Model

Locations and studies Location Activity Gasoline Diesel

Los Angeles, USA Santiago, Chile Lima, Peru Mexico City, Mexico Bogota, Colombia Sao Paulo, Brazil Buenos Aires, Argentina

2001 Dec 2001 Dec 2003 Jan 2004 Feb 2004 Abr 2004 Jan 2007

-- Aug 2006

-- Oct 2005 May 2007 Dec 2004

--

-- Mar 2007

-- Jun 2006 May 2008 Mar 2006

--

Pune, India Almaty, Kazakhstan Beijing, China Istanbul, Turkey Cebu, Phillipines

Mar 2003 May 2003 May 2004 Nov 2006 Feb 2012

-- May 2006 Jun 2007 Nov 2006

--

-- -- --

Nov 2006 --

Nairobi, Kenya Accra, Ghana Lagos, Nigeria

Mar 2002 Apr 2010 Mar 2013

Mar 2005 -- --

-- -- --

Driving Cycles

Start Patterns

Fleet Composition

Vehicle Technology

Daily Emissions in Sao Paulo

CO

PM10

VOC

NOx

Emissions: General Comparison

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

SaoPaulo

Mexico

Beijing

Lima

Sanago

BuenosAires

Bogota

Pune

Almaty

EmissionsTon/day

CO2/100

CO/10

VOC

NOx

PM*10

+ N2O, CH4, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, 1,3 butadiene, benzene - Database under revision, not fully available yet

Local Data Using PEMS

Real-World Gasoline

Real-World Diesel

Real-world vehicle emissions

Emission Factors: Gasoline CO2

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Carb SPFI/C MPFI/NC MPFI/C MPFI/C/EGR GNC Alcohol HYB OA

CO

2 e

mis

sio

ns g

/km

Measured Emissiones Average Gasoline CO2 Almaty

Mexico

Nairobi

Santiago

Sao Paulo

Tianjin

Istanbul

Emission Factors: Gasoline CO

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Carb SPFI/C MPFI/NC MPFI/C MPFI/C/EGR GNC Alcohol HYB OA

CO

em

issio

ns g

/km

Measured Emissiones Average Gasoline CO Almaty

Mexico

Nairobi

Santiago

Sao Paulo

Tianjin

Istanbul

Laboratory vs real-world emissions

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

Car

b

SPFI/C

MPFI/N

C

MPFI/C

MPFI/C

/EG

R

GNC

Alcoh

ol

HYB

OA

CO Correction Factors IVE Gasoline

Almaty

Mexico

Nairobi

Santiago

Sao Paulo

Tianjin

Istanbul

International Environmental Database https://www.iedmetropolis.org/

Database system to manage air quality/energy related information

Calculate and project air quality emissions, energy requirements, fuel use for urban regions

Integrate policy analysis for urban air, water, solid waste, and climate change pollution

International Environmental Database IED

27

IED Design Requirements

Allow businesses to update their own information

Support source enforcement

Support emission caps and credit trading

Remotely accessible

Available free

Secure & Flexible

28

IED System Implementation Status

Base system

created

Implementing in

Mexico City,

Guadalajara and

Chongqing

Several other

areas in discussion

29

IED Uses: Support Modeling

31

Outputs spatially and temporally resolved data

IED Uses: Support Planning

The design of the system enables answering such questions as:

How would a rapid transit system affect fuel use? criteria pollutants? global warming emissions?

What are the top categories of GHG emissions today and projected in the future?

What are the differences in energy use and emissions from moving towards a natural gas fleet or an electric fleet?

32

IED Uses: Support Enforcement

IED is designed to track the emissions and energy from point sources, and return data from queries such as:

What is ABC Company’s emissions this year? Last year?

Is ABC Company exceeding its emissions cap?

How many credits are available in this location/area?

33

IED Status & Future

Base System Developed

Currently populating local data

It was proposed to support the development of effective/integrated control programs in participating cities, starting with Chongqing, Mexico City, and Guadalajara

Training session recently finished at Bogota (August 2013)

Future developments expected in Colombia, Peru, Chile and China

34

Handbook of Air Quality Management http://www.aqbook.org/

AQ Hanbook in brief

• The Handbook of Air Quality Management is a Hewlett-funded effort to get important air quality management information onto the web for use by developing countries.

• The idea for the handbook is to provide a resource for developing countries to be used in designing an effective air quality management program that will have all the necessary elements for success.

Air Quality Management (AQM) Handbook

A free internet-based information system on how to carry out effective air quality management

4 chapters to date, 14 in total

Work in progress, more chapters to come

Can be updated remotely by approved participants

Used by governments, Universities, and training institutes

37

AQM Handbook Status

Available chapters in English, with some in Spanish and Chinese

38

AQ Knowledge Base

• Present authors of the book include James Lents, Michael Walsh, Kebin He, Nicole Davis, Mauricio Osses, Sebastian Tolvett, and Huan Liu.

• While only part of the resource is completed at this time, the website receives more than 500 hits per month with no advertising.

• Additional authors that have expertise in needed subject areas could be recruited to assist in the completion of the book.

Recent Studies

• Using IVE as a Tool for GHG Assesment for BRT Corridors in Accra and Lagos

• Using PEMS for Measuring Emission Factors from Two-Stroke Engines, Transmilenio bi-Articulated Buses, Hybrid & Electric Buses

• Applying IED in Cundinamarca, Colombia and Valparaiso, Chile

Ghana Transport Mitigation Case Study BRT and Climate Change Mitigation

Greater Accra Metropolitan Area

Project funded by the Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF)

And the World Bank

Accra, April 23th 2010

Dr. Mauricio Osses

maosses@issrc.org

International Sustainable Systems Research Center, www.issrc.org

Example: Accra, Ghana

Example: Accra, Ghana

Example: Accra, Ghana

Example: Accra, Ghana

Example: Accra, Ghana

Ejemplo: Accra, Ghana

Example: Accra, Ghana

Example: CO2 Accra, Ghana

Example: Lagos, Nigeria, 2013

CO2 city comparison

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Overall

Motorcycle

Taxi

PassCar

LargeBus

MDTruck

HDTruck

CO2[g/km

]

LagosIVE2013

BeijingIVE2004

BuenosAiresIVE2007

MexicoCityIVE2004

CebuIVE2012

COPERT4@14kph

COPERT4@20kph

Emission factors from 2-stroke motorcycles at Universidad Nacional Bogota - 2012

Testing Transmilenio articulated buses

Testing Euro 5 bi-articulated

TM buses

Dynamometer testing in Bogota - 2013

Natural gas bus dyno-tested in Bogota - 2013

HEBTP • 4 cities:

– Sao Paulo – Rio de Janeiro – Bogota – Santiago

• 6 bus OEMs: – BYD – Eletra – Hankuk Fiber – Mercedes Benz – Volvo – Youngman

• 5 technologies, 17 buses: – 2 full electric – 7 hybrid – 1 trolleybus – 1 diesel with DPF – 6 reference diesel

Rio de Janeiro Santiago

Sao Paulo Bogota

IED Training in Bogota, August 2013 (Cundinamarca, Manizales, Medellin)

Thank you!

More info at: www.issrc.org

maosses@issrc.org

mauricio.osses@usm.cl

IED in Valparaiso, Chile 2013-2014