aegis: wildfire prevention and management information...
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AEGIS: Wildfire Prevention and
Management Information SystemProf. Kostas D. Kalabokidis, Principal Investigator
University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
• Large wildfires (mega-fires) in North & South America, Australia, Russia and the Mediterranean burned vast areas in the 21st century
• Climate change, overpopulation, overconsumption, "non-sustainable development"
Wildfires are ravaging our World!
• Greek firefighting strategy does not integrate a holistic system of geospatial and decision support tools
• Large number of systems exist; few of them can be considered fully integrated solutions
• EFFIS in EU, WFDSS in the US, CFFDRS in Canada
Wildfire Decision Support Systems
Challenge: Instant access to
functionalities
conduct fire analysis based on need, without thenecessity to install complicated software
Challenge: Intuitive solutions
TimeMAY OCT
Inactive period
JAN DEC
Fire Season
Inactive period
Computations
Challenge: Users demand vs.
requirements for maintenance
1,636 km2
14,068 km2
millions of km2
Challenge: Scalability
Auto-Hazard Pro (2002) Virtual Fire (2009)
• Spatial estimation of wildfire ignition risk for Lesvos Island
• Desktop installation required
• Complex Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Dependence on external libraries (DLL’s)
• Automated spatial estimation of wildfire ignition risk & 3-day weather forecasts for Lesvos Island
• Easy-to-use Web-GIS GUI
• Computation based on High Performance Computing (HPC) nodes
Evolution
VENUS-C Fire (2010) AEGIS (2012-2015)
• Automated spatial estimation of wildfire ignition risk and fire propagations with the H-fire algorithm for Lesvos Island
• Computations based on Cloud
• High computing power, availability of resources and storage space, expandable, flexible
• Automated spatial estimation of wildfire danger (ignition + burned area + fire intensity)
•7 study areas of Greece
•Fire propagation based on Minimum Travel Time Algorithm
• Computations based on a hybrid Cloud (Microsoft Azure + HPC)
Evolution
The AEGIS System
• AEGIS: integrated approach to wildfire decision support, designed for use by the civil protection authorities of Greece
• End users interact with AEGIS through a Web-GIS platform and a Windows Phone application
Services provided by AEGIS
– Fire analysis (fire danger & behavior)
– Historical fire data
– Topographic & satellite maps
– Weather measurements
– Weather prediction maps
– Land use / land cover types
– Road network and fire management data
– Fire management tools (e.g. elevation profile, shortest routes to closest firefighting facilities, real-time images of high-risk areas through web cameras)
7 different study locations around the country of Greece (i.e. 10% of the total Greek territory) with high-hazard, high-value and high-use forest and other multi-purpose areas
Study areas
• Local and network-based Geographical Databases (GDB) to store, retrieve and
manage the necessary data and inputs of AEGIS
• Need for field sampling and inventory of vegetation and fuels on each of the 7
study areas (fuel models, canopy cover, stand height, CBH)
Geographical Databases &
Field Data Collection
The AEGIS System
The AEGIS System - Layout
Fire behavior analysis
(single fire simulation)
Fire behavior analysis – waiting for
the simulation outputs
Fire behavior analysis
simulation outputs
Major travel paths
Travel paths
Fire behavior analysis
simulation outputs
Arrival time
Rate of spread
Fire line intensity
Visualization of travel paths from a wildfire simulation through the AEGIS platform, over Google Earth
Fire behavior analysis
simulation outputs
Fire behavior analysis
(burn probability outputs)
Fire danger analysis
Fire danger analysis
Historical fire data
Historical fire data
Weather measurements
Data are retrieved at regular
intervals from a wide network of
Remote Automatic Weather
Stations scattered around the 7
study areas
Weather Forecast Data
Hourly weather
forecast maps for
the next 5 days (cell
size 5 km) based on
SKIRON/Eta (RAMS)
for:
• Air Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Precipitation
• Cloud Cover
• Wind Speed
• Wind Direction
• Barometric Pressure
Wind speed and Wind direction
Air Temperature
Relative Humidity
Cloud coverage
Precipitation
Historical Weather data
Background maps
•Bing Maps
•OpenStreetMaps
•Land cover types
•Annotations
Types:
Fire management data• Pumping stations
• Fire hydrants
• Water tanks
• Road network
Locations of:
Fire management data
• Fire watch
outlooks
• Fire vehicles on-
duty
Locations of: • Cultural monuments
• Helipads
• Evacuation sites
• Gas stations
• Landfills
Measure polygon area &
polygon perimeter
AEGIS tools
Identify tool
Web cameras
AEGIS tools
Active Fires from
MODIS satellite
Shortest routes to the 3 closest
firefighting facilities
Drive times
AEGIS tools
Routing directions
Printing
Elevation profile
Fire management tools
Drive times
Fire management tools
Export to KML
Import KML
Active fires from AEGIS App
Fire management tools
Optical camera surveillance combined with visualization of the road network, the pumping stations, the cover types and real-time weather records from the closest RAWS
Combining fire management tools
• Parallel computing techniques (High Performance Computing –HPC, and Cloud Computing) to ensure both computational power and speed.
• On demand fire behavior simulations are conducted in an HPC cluster inside a Datacenter on-premises (Aegean University Campus).
• Seasonal burn probability outputs are first conducted in the Cloud infrastructure of Microsoft Azure and then finalized in the HPC cluster.
Computation scheme
Execution in the HPC cluster
Seasonal execution
Virtual
Machines in
Microsoft Azure
Data storage
ArcGIS Server
Burn Probabilities Conditional Flame Length
Visualization
Execution in the Cloud
Parallel computing scheme
• By taking advantage of the Cloud's ability to increase/decrease the number of available VMs on demand, end users are charged only for their consumed processing time and only during the actual wildfire confrontation period.
• On demand fire simulations are better suited to run on premises than in the Cloud. This is because of the significant amount of time overhead (approximately 15 min) required to allocate new VMs in Microsoft Azure.
• On demand fire behavior simulations need to be conducted instantly and thus, time overheads should be minimized to achieve a timely and effective response when a wildfire breaks out.
Architectural components of AEGIS
platform
Fire danger forecast Fire behavior
prediction
Fire management
tools & data
Fire database Active fire
detection
Damage
assessment
Virtual Fire
daily creation of fire
risk mapsX √ X
covered by
optical camera
surveillance
X
VENUS-C hourly fire risk maps
for the next 112
hours
√ X X X X
EFFIS Canadian FWI X X √ √ √
WFDSS
√ √ X √
by reports
from
individual
users
√
CFFDRS√ √
by using external
components√ √ X
AEGIS √ √ √ √
covered by
optical camera
surveillance
X
AEGIS vs. other related systems
A: West Attica, 13/6/2015; B: Chalkidiki, 16/6/2015; C: Rhodes Island, 23/7/2015; D: Rhodes Island, 31/7/2015; E: Rhodes Island, 23/8/2015; F: Lesvos Island, 30/8/2015
Spatial fire danger
results
A: West Attica, 13/6/2015; B: Chalkidiki, 16/6/2015; C: Rhodes Island, 23/7/2015; D: Rhodes Island, 31/7/2015; E: Rhodes Island, 23/8/2015;F: Lesvos Island, 30/8/2015
black polygons delimit the actually burned areas, while colored areas and lines map times of arrival and major travel paths in AEGIS
Simulation results
Second simulation run of Lesvos Island 2015 wildfire from the site where the first simulation ended
Simulation results
• Mobile application for wildfire information management that operates on Windows Phone devices
• Acts as a complementary tool to the web-based version of the AEGIS platform
• Digital assistant for artificial intelligence “Cortana” (developed by Microsoft for Windows Phone devices) allows information utilization through voice commands
The AEGIS App(lication)
EFFIS App
Forest Fire Danger Meter
Wildland Fire Behavior App
Mobile Apps in wildfire management
• Fire Data: access to fire management data• Position: re-calculates the current position
of the end user and re-centers the background map
• Weather: access to current weather conditions
• Directions: enables the calculation of the shortest route between the current location and a different location specified by the user
• Change Basemap: switch the base map scheme between Bing Maps and Open Street Maps
• Login: allows authenticated users to publish a new wildfire event in the web-based platform of AEGIS
Functionalities
(A) Basic screen of
AEGIS App;
(B) calculation of the
areas that the user can
access by driving a
regular firefighting truck
in 3 minutes, 5 minutes
and 10 minutes; and
(C) accessing fire
management data
through the AEGIS App
Functionalities
• Cortana is a highly advanced artificial intelligence system for the Windows Phone platform. It allows end users to execute the desired functions via their mobile phone, simply by using corresponding voice commands.
• The voice commands are executed in an automatic and transparent to the user way and the result is visualized on the screen of the mobile phone without any further user intervention.
Cortana
Cortana
(b) (c)
AEGIS App & AEGIS web-
based system
• The AEGIS system can potentially contribute towards a more sophisticated knowledge transfer among the various entities involved in wildfire suppression activities including operation centers and firefighting units in the field.
• Resources can be more easily shared among fire agencies, thus reducing costs and enabling efficiency for suppression operations.
• The system is designed for wide-scale deployment for the different geographical areas of Greece or regional countries with minimal effort and resources, providing the development of the required input databases and services.
Conclusions
AEGIS Video
Research Team
(~ 20 people & many agencies, incl. US Missoula Fire Sciences Lab and Microsoft Research)
• Kalabokidis K., Vasilakos C., Athanasis N., Palaiologou P., Vaitis M., Tsekouras G., Ager A., Finney M. 2015. AEGIS: Wildfire Web Geographic Information System. In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference SafeChania 2015: The Knowledge Triangle in the Civil Protection Service, 10-12 June 2015, Chania, Greece. 6 p.
• Athanasis N., Karagiannis F., Palaiologou P., Vasilakos C., Kalabokidis K. 2015. AEGIS App: Wildfire Information Management for Windows Phone Devices. Procedia Computer Science 56:544-549.
Website: http://aegis.aegean.gr
Platform: http://aegis.aegean.gr/aegisplatform
THANK YOU!
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