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Air Quality PlanningUpdate
NJDEP Air Quality Planning
Judy Rand, PE
Environmental Engineer
October 14, 2011
FIRST SOME BACKGROUNDNAAQS
The Clean Air Act (CAA), requires EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for pollutants considered harmful to public health and the environment. (40 CFR part 50)
Primary standards set limits to protect public health.
Secondary standards set limits to protect public welfare, including protection against decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings.
Goal to Attain as Quickly as Practical and Maintain
Six "criteria" pollutants.
Pollutants Criteria
1) Ozoneo Precursor pollutants primarily VOC and NOx, also CO
2) Particulate Matter 2.5 and 10o Precursor pollutants primarily SO2 and NOx, also
ammonia and VOC
3) Lead4) Sulfur Dioxide5) Nitrogen Dioxide 6) Carbon Monoxide
Regional Hazeo Visibility Goals at Federally Protected Class I
Areaso Brigantine Wilderness Area
NAAQS Implementation Steps
1) NAAQS Promulgation
2) Designations
3) 110(a) Infrastucture and Transport
State Implementation Plan (SIP)
4) Attainment Demonstration SIP
5) Attainment of the Standard
6) Clean Data Determination
7) Redesignation
8) Maintenance Plan
Nonattainment Area Requirements
(Federal Clean Air Act, Section 172(c))
Emission Inventory
New Source Review (Permitting)
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)
Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) Demonstration
Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM)
Control Measures necessary for attainment and RFP
Attainment Demonstration (modeling)
Transportation Conformity
Contingency Measures
Existing NAAQS and New Jersey Status
Pollutant Primary StandardsSecondary Standards Monitoring
Data StatusSIP Status
Level DateAveraging
TimeLevel
Lead
1.5 µg/m3 1978Quarterly Average
Same as Primary
Attaining Attainment
0.15 µg/m3
2008Rolling 3-
Month Average
Same as Primary
Attaining
EPA proposed designation -
unclassifiable/attainment
CO
9 ppm (10 mg/m3)
1971 8-hour
NoneAttaining
Attainment under Maintenance Plan/
Last Plan in Progress
35 ppm
(40 mg/m3)
1971 1-hour
New monitors
2011 Likely to
AttainNo new
Requirements
NO2
53 ppb 1971 AnnualSame as Primary
Attaining Attainment
100 ppb and new monitors
2010 1-hour NoneLikely to
Attain
EPA proposed designation -
unclassifiable/attainment
Existing NAAQS and New Jersey Status
Pollutant Primary StandardsSecondary Standards Monitoring
Data StatusSIP Status
Level DateAveraging
TimeLevel
SO2
0.03 ppm 1971 Annual
NoneAttaining except for Columbia
NJ designation recommendation-NA for
61 municipalities in 4 counties/unclassifiable
rest of state
75 ppb 2010 1-hour
PM10 150 µg/m3 1987 24-hourSame as Primary
Attaining Attainment
PM2.5
15.0 µg/m3 1997 AnnualSame as Primary
Attaining
CDD final for northern area/pending for
southern/redesignation request in progress
35 µg/m3 2006 24-hourSame as Primary
AttainingCDD
pending/redesignation request in progress
Ozone
0.12 ppm 1979 1-hourSame as Primary
AttainingCDD final for southern
area/pending for northern area
0.08 ppm 1997 8-hourSame as Primary
Attaining CDD pending
0.075 ppm 2008 8-hourSame as Primary
Not Attaining
Pending EPA Designations
New Jersey State Implementation Plan (SIP) Status Ozone
– 0.08 ppm USEPA approved RFP, RACM, Conformity, RACT and Control Measures; USEPA proposed disapproval of the attainment demonstration May 2009; NJ’s Northern NAA: NJ has requested a Clean Data Determination; NJ’s Southern NAA: NJ received a 1 year extension of the 2009 attainment date.
– 0.075 ppm NJ submitted designation recommendations April 1, 2009; NJ recommended either a larger multi-state NAA, or the same as the 0.08 ppm NAAs; EPA put them on hold pending the ozone reconsideration, but is now moving forward
with implementation.
PM2.5– 15 μg/m3 annual
NJ submitted a final SIP March 2009. We are waiting for EPA action; EPA promulgated a Clean Data Determination for NJ’s Northern NAA; We expect EPA to propose a Clean Data Determination for NJ’s Southern NAA;
– 35 μg/m3 24-hour NJ will request a CDD from the USEPA for both NAA’s.
Regional Haze– Submitted Jul 28, 2009, submitted BART portion in 2011, EPA has proposed APPROVAL on
August 11, 2011.
Anticipated National Ambient Air Quality Standards Milestones
Pollutant StandardNAAQS
Promulgation Date
Designation Effective
110(a) SIPs Due
Attainment Demonstration Due
Attainment Date
Promulgated
PM2.5 35 µg/m3 daily Sep-06 Dec-09 Sep-09Dec-12, CDD in
progress insteadDec-14
Ozone 0.075 ppm 8 hour Mar-08 Mid-12? Mar-11 Mid-15?
Dec-15Marginal or
Dec-18 Moderate?
Lead 0.15 µg/m3 Oct-08 Nov-11? Oct-11 NA NA
NO2 Primary 100 ppb 1 hour Jan-10 Feb-12? Jan-13 NA NA
SO2 Primary 75 ppb 1 hour Jun-10 Aug-12?For AAs: Jun-13
(maint also)
For NAs: Jan-14 (Plan) and by Aug-17 (Demo
and maint)? Aug-17?
CONo change, new
monitoring requirements
Aug-11 NA NA NA NA
Not Yet Promulgated
NO2/SO2 Secondary
NO2-53 ppb annual, 100 ppb 1 hour, SO2-0.5 ppm 3 hour, 75
ppb 1 hour?
Proposed 8/2011, Final
3/2012?Apr-14? Mar-15? Oct-15? NA
PM2.512 µg/m3 annual, 30
µg/m3 daily?Proposal end
of 2011?Dec-14? Oct-15? Dec-17? Dec-19/24?
Ozone8-hour 0.06-0.07
ppm?Jun-14? Jul-16? Jun-16? Jul-19? Jul-24?
Updated 9/29/2011, Judy Rand
Where do we stand?Pollutant Current Future
Lead Attaining Attainment/Unclassifiable
CO Attaining New Monitors RequiredLikely to Attain
NO2 Attaining New Monitors RequiredLikely to Attain
SO2 Attaining Except for Columbia
NAA for 61 municipalities in 4 counties/Unclassifiable rest of
state
PM2.5 Attaining New NAAQS?
Ozone 0.08 Attaining Likely to Attain
Ozone 0.075 Not Attaining New NAAQS Likely Not Attain
NO2, SO2 Secondary
Attaining Except for Columbia
Same as Primary?
New Jersey 8-Hour Ozone (85 ppb) Nonattainment Areas
12 Northern Counties
9 Southern Counties
Northern NJ-NY-CT NAA
Southern NJ-PA-DE-MD NAA
New Jersey PM2.5 Nonattainment Areas
10 Northern Counties
3 Southern Counties
Attainment Area
Northern NJ-NY-CT NAA
Southern NJ-PA-DE NAA
0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.120
0.140
0.160
0.180
0.200
'86-'88
'87-'89
'88-'90
'89-'91
'90-'92
'91-'93
'92-'94
'93-'95
'94-'96
'95-'97
'96-'98
'97-'99
'98-'00
'99-'01
'00-'02
'01-'03
'02-'04
'03-'05
'04-'06
'05-'07
'06-'08
07-'09
08-'10
Ozo
ne
(p
pm
)
Maximum SiteMedian SiteMinimum Site
New Jersey, Ozone Air Quality, 1986 - 2010(Based on 3 year Average of 4th Highest Daily 8-hour Maximum - Design Values)
Health Standard
Ozone-8 hour2011 Design Values*
Northern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Le
onia
Bay
onne
Fle
min
gton
Rut
gers
Uni
vers
ity
Mon
mou
th U
nive
rsity
Che
ster
Ram
apo
Pfiz
er L
ab
CC
NY
/Con
vent
Av
Que
ens
Sus
an W
agne
r
Bab
ylon
Hol
tsvi
lle
Riv
erhe
ad
Whi
te P
lain
s
Dan
bury
Gre
enw
ich
Str
atfo
rd
Wes
tpor
t
Mid
dlet
own
Jam
es S
t/Cris
cuol
o P
ark
Mad
ison
Monitor Site
Ozo
ne
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
b)
85 ppb (1997)75 ppb (2008)60-70 ppb (Potential 2014)
NJ NY CT
* 2011 preliminary data (as of 8/31/11)DV = 3 yr. Avg. of 4th Highest Value
Ozone 8-hour2011 Design Values*
Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia Nonattainment Area
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90F
air
Hill
Bel
lefo
nte
Lum
s
Kill
ens
Lew
es
Sea
ford
Brig
ant
ine
Anc
ora
Sta
te H
osp
tial
Mill
ville
Cla
rksb
oro
Rid
er U
nive
rsity
Co
llie
rs M
ills
Bris
tol
Ne
w G
arde
n
Ch
este
r
No
rris
tow
n
LAB
NE
A
Monitor Site
Ozo
ne
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
b)
MD DE NJ PA
85 ppb (1997)75 ppb (2008)60-70 ppb (Potential 2014)
* 2011 preliminary data (as of 8/31/11)DV = 3 yr. Avg. of 4th Highest Value
PM2.5 Design Value Concentrations in New JerseyAnnual Design Values 1999-2010
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1999-2001 2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004 2003-2005 2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-2009 2008-2010
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
μg
/m3)
Median
Maximum Site
Minimum Site
Annual PM2.5 NAAQS = 15.0 μg/m3
PM2.5 Concentrations in New Jersey
Daily Design Values 1999-2010
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1999-2001 2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004 2003-2005 2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-2009 2008-2010
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
μg
/m3)
Median Maximum Site Minimum Site
Former Daily PM2.5 NAAQS = 65.0 μg/m3
New Daily PM2.5 NAAQS = 35.0 μg/m3
PM2.5 2010 Annual Design Values
Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia-Wilmington Nonattainment Area
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16B
elle
fon
te,
DE
Lu
ms,
DE
Nw
rk-a
, D
E
ML
K-a
, D
E
Gib
bst
ow
n,
NJ
Pe
nn
sau
ken
, N
J
Bri
sto
l, P
A
Ne
w G
ard
en
, P
A
Ch
est
er,
PA
No
rris
tow
n,
PA
LA
B,
PA
NE
A,
PA
CH
S,
Bro
ad
St.
, P
A
RIT
-F,
PA
FA
B-F
A,
PA
Monitor Site
PM
2.5 C
on
cen
trat
ion
(µ
g/m
3)
15 μg/m3 Annual (1997, 2006)
(3 year average of annual mean)
PM2.5 2010 Daily Design ValuesNorthern New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Nonattainment Area
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Fo
rt L
ee
, N
J
Jers
ey
City
Pri
ma
ry,
NJ
Un
ion
City
, N
J
Tre
nto
n,
NJ
Wa
shin
gto
n C
ross
ing
, N
J
Ne
w B
run
swic
k, N
J
Mo
rris
tow
n,
NJ
Ch
est
er,
NJ
Pa
ters
on
, N
J
Eliz
ab
eth
Tu
rnp
ike
Pri
ma
ry,
NJ
Eliz
ab
eth
Do
wn
tow
n,
NJ
Ra
hw
ay,
NJ
Mo
rris
an
ia,
NY
20
0th
Str
ee
t, N
Y
E.
15
6th
St.
, N
Y
JHS
12
6,
NY
Ce
da
rhu
rst,
NY
JHS
45
, N
Y
PS
19
, N
Y
PS
12
4,
NY
Ne
wb
urg
h,
55
Bro
ad
wa
y, N
Y
Qu
ee
ns
Co
lleg
e,
NY
Po
rt R
ich
mo
nd
, N
Y
Su
san
Wa
gn
er
HS
, N
Y
Ea
st F
arm
ing
da
le/B
ab
ylo
n,
NY
Ma
ma
ron
eck
, N
Y
Ro
ose
velt
Sch
oo
l, C
T
Da
nb
ury
, C
T
No
rwa
lk,
CT
We
stp
ort
, C
T
Jam
es
Str
ee
t, C
T
Sta
te S
tre
et,
CT
Wa
terb
ury
, C
T
Monitor Site
PM
2.5
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
μg
/m3 )
35 μg/m3 Daily (2006)
(3 year average of annual mean)
PM2.5 2010 Daily Design Values
Southern New Jersey-Philadelphia-Wilmington Nonattainment Area
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40B
elle
font
e, D
E
Lum
s, D
E
Nw
rk-a
, DE
MLK
-a, D
E
Gib
bsto
wn,
NJ
Pe
nnsa
uke
n, N
J
Bri
sto
l, P
A
Ne
w G
arde
n,
PA
Ch
este
r, P
A
No
rris
tow
n, P
A
LAB
, P
A
NE
A,
PA
CH
S,
Bro
ad
St.
, P
A
RIT
-F, P
A
FA
B-F
A,
PA
Monitor Site
PM
2.5 C
on
cen
trat
ion
(µ
g/m
3)
35 μg/m3 Daily (2006)
(3 year average of annual mean)
Criteria Pollutant Emission Inventory in Progress
A 2007 Base Emissions Inventory for Modeling
Future Year Projection Inventories 2017, 2020 and 2025
Sources are divided into four man-made sectors and one naturally occurring: – Point-high emissions from one location– Area-emissions spread out, consumer products, paints, gas stations, autobody refinishing, adhesives – Onroad-cars, trucks– Nonroad-construction equipment, airplanes, locomotives, ships, lawn maintenance equipment– Biogenic-naturally occurring, we use EPAs inventory
New Jersey Estimated VOC Emissions 2009Ozone Season Tons Per Day
Point Sources5%
Area Sources49%
On-Road Mobile Sources
20%
Non-Road Mobile Sources
26%
Total Emissions = 610 tpd ozone season (Anthropogenic sources only)Includes actual 2009 point, 2008 Area, and an estimated adjustment factor from MOBILE6 to MOVES
New Jersey Estimated NOx Emissions 2009Ozone Season Tons Per Day
On-Road Mobile Sources
56%
Non-Road Mobile Sources
29%
Point Sources10%
Area Sources5%
Total Emissions = 609 tpd ozone seasonIncludes actual 2009 point, 2008 Area, and an estimated adjustment factor from MOBILE6 to MOVES
New Jersey Estimated PM2.5 Emissions 2009Tons Per Year
Point Sources17%
Area Sources55%
On-Road Mobile Sources
12%
Non-Road Mobile Sources
16%
Total Emissions = 26,021 tpyIncludes actual 2009 point, 2008 Area, and an estimated adjustment factor from MOBILE6 to MOVES
New Jersey Estimated SO2 Emissions 2009Tons Per Year
Point Sources54%
Area Sources30%
Non-Road Mobile Sources
13%
On-Road Mobile Sources
3%
Total Emissions = 27,644 tpyIncludes actual 2009 point, 2008 Area, and an estimated adjustment factor from MOBILE6 to MOVES
New Jersey Estimated CO Emissions 2009Tons Per Year
On-Road Mobile Sources
52%
Non-Road Mobile Sources
43%
Point Sources0%
Area Sources5%
Total Emissions = 1,761,773 tpyIncludes actual 2009 point, 2008 Area, and an estimated adjustment factor from MOBILE6 to MOVES
Statewide VOC Emission Trend
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1990 1996 2002 2009
Ozo
ne
Sea
son
To
ns
per
Day
Point Sources Area Sources On-Road Mobile Sources Non-Road Mobile Sources
Note: 2009 includes actual 2009 point, actual 2008 area and MOBILE6 model for more appropriate comparison to previous years.
Statewide NOx Emission Trend
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1990 1996 2002 2009
Ozo
ne
Sea
son
To
ns
per
Day
Point Sources Area Sources On-Road Mobile Sources Non-Road Mobile Sources
Note: 2009 includes actual 2009 point, actual 2008 area and MOBILE6 model for more appropriate comparison to previous years.
Statewide PM2.5, SO2 and NH3 Emission Trends
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
2002 2009 2002 2009 2002 2009
PM2.5 SO2 NH3
Em
issi
on
s (t
py
)
Point Sources
Area Sources
On-Road Mobile Sources
Non-Road Mobile Sources
Emissions Reported To The Emission Statement Program"Stationary Sources"
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
CO NOx PM-10 PM-2.5 SO2 VOC
To
ns/
Yea
r
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Adopted State Control Measures in the SIPs
NOx•NOx Budget Program•Industrial, Commercial, Institutional Boilers•Glass Manufacturing•Asphalt Production•High Electric Demand Days
Multi-Pollutant•Power Plants (EGUs)•Gasoline IM Program•NJLEV•PSEG-ACO•Refinery Consent Decrees•Waste Incinerators
VOCs•Consumer Products•Paint, Stains and Varnishes•Gas Cans•Degreasing•Autobody Refinishing•Gas Station Vapor Recovery•Adhesives•Large Gasoline Storage Tanks•Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt Usage•Graphic Arts•Stage II Vapor Recovery
PM2.5•Low Sulfur Fuel•Diesel Idling•Diesel IM
Ozone Transport Commission (OTC)Regional Control Strategies
NOx Sources:
Model Rules/MOUs:1. EGU’s (Oil and Gas-fired Boilers)*2. High Electric Demand Day (HEDD)
Turbines*3. New Small Boilers4. Stationary Generators
Draft Model Rules:5. Non-Road Equipment Idling*6. Natural Gas Compressor Stations
Categories Under Review:7. Municipal Waste Incinerators8. Promote Energy Efficiency/
Renewable Energy9. Coal-fired Boilers (EPA)
VOC Sources:
Model Rules/MOUs:1. Large VOC Stationary Storage
Tanks*2. Autobody Refinishing3. Consumer Products4. Architectural/Industrial Coatings
Draft Model Rules:5. Solvent Cleaning
(Industrial/Commercial)6. Paint Thinners (Consumer)
Category Under Review:7. Stage 1 and 2 Vapor Recovery
*Existing NJ Rule Equivalent to Model Already Adopted
Consumer Products(3rd Update)
Existing rule sets limits on the VOC content of several consumer products such as household cleaners, automotive repair cleaners, air fresheners, brake cleaners, adhesives, and hairspray.
Also bans perchlorethylene, methylene chloride, and trichlorethylene in products such as automotive repair products, adhesives and leather care products and paradichlorbenzene in air fresheners and toilet/urinal cleaners .
Based on CARB
The first NJ rule was adopted in November 1995
The USEPA National rule was adopted in September 1998
NJ adopted amendments, effective January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2009
Consumer Products 2010 OTC Model Rule
The following NEW products or product forms will be added to the list of consumer products to be regulated:
– Disinfectants– Sanitizers– Temporary Hair Color (aerosol)
The following EXISTING products or product forms will have new VOC limits:– Construction, Panel and Floor Covering Adhesive– Brake Cleaners– Carburetor of Fuel-injection Air Intake Cleaners– Engine Degreaser (aerosol)– Floor Polishes or Waxes– General Purpose Cleaners– Laundry Starch/Sizing/Fabric Finish– Shaving Gel– Anti-static Product (aerosol)– Oven Cleaners (non-aerosol)– Furniture Maintenance Products (non-aerosol)– Bathroom and Tile Cleaners (non-aerosol)– Nail Polish Removers
Architectural Coatings(2nd Update)
Existing rule sets limits on the VOC content of coatings such as paints, varnishes, stains.
Stationary structures where controls cannot be utilized like in a in factory setting
Based on CARB
The first NJ rule was adopted in November 1989
The USEPA National rule was adopted in September 1998
NJ adopted amendments, effective January 1, 2005
Architectural Coatings 2010 OTC Model Rule
New Categories Lowered Limits Eliminated Categories
Aluminum Roof Bituminous Roof Coatings Antenna Coatings
Basement Specialty Dry Fog Coatings Antifouling Coatings
Concrete/Masonry Sealer Flat Coatings Lacquers, Clear Brushing
Reactive Penetrating Sealer Floor Coatings Lacquers
Stone Consolidant Mastic Texture Coatings Sanding Sealers
Tub and Tile Refinish Nonflat Coatings Varnishes
Waterproofing Membranes Nonflat - High Gloss Coatings Fire Retardant Coatings
Wood Coatings Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters Flow Coatings
Zinc-Rich Primer Roof Quick Dry Enamels
Conjugated Oil Varnish Rust Preventative Quick Dry Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters
Reactive Penetrating Stone Sealer
Specialty Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters
Swimming Pool Repair and Maintenance Coatings
Traffic Marking Temperature Indicator Safety Coatings
Driveway Sealer (Bituminous Pavement Sealer
Waterproofing Sealers
Waterproofing Concrete/Masonry Sealers
Autobody Refinishing(2nd Update)
Existing rule sets standards on paint application methods and equipment cleaning
The USEPA National rule was adopted in September 1998
New Jersey adopted amendments June 2003
New OTC Model Rule based on CARB sets VOC limits on paint
Autobody Refinishing
OTC 2010 Model RuleCoating Type Category Limit (l/gal) Limit (g/l)
Adhesion promoter 4.5 540
Automotive pretreatment coating 5.5 660
Automotive primer 2.1 250
Clear coating 2.1 250
Color coating 3.5 420
Multicolor coating 5.7 680
Other automotive coating type 2.1 250
Single-stage coating 2.8 340
Temporary protective coating 0.5 60
Truck bed liner coating 2.6 310
Underbody coating 3.6 430
Uniform finish coating 4.5 540
Solvents for Cleaning 25
New Small BoilersNew Small Boilers
NOx emission limits on new, small, natural gas-fired, industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) boilers, steam generators, process heaters, residential boilers and water heaters greater than 75,000 BTUs, up to 5,000,000 BTUs, sold in the adopting state for use in the adopting state.
OTC Draft Model Rules
Draft Model Rules In Progress:
• Solvent Cleaning (Industrial/Commercial)• Cold Cleaning 25 g/l
• Paint Thinners (Consumer Product)• and Multi-purpose solvents 25 g/l
• Natural Gas Compressor Stations• natural gas pipeline compressor large prime movers;
• Non-Road Equipment Idling Restrictions• Adopted in NJ
Air Quality Listservs Air Planning Rules and SIPs:
http://www.state.nj.us/dep/baqp/airrules.html
Emission Statement Program:
http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqm/es/listserv.htm
Air Quality Permitting:
http://www.nj.gov/dep/aqpp/listserv.html
Diesel Program:
http://www.nj.gov/dep/stopthesoot/sts-listserv.htm
Compliance Advisories:
http://www.state.nj.us/dep/enforcement/listserv.html
Air Quality Notifications:
http://www.enviroflash.info/
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