airstream mechanisms and phonation types. pronunciatgion of a glottalic bilabial implosive...
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Velaric airstream Mechanism
The velaric airstream mechanism involves air trapped between the velum and the tongue.
Sounds produced with the velaric airstream mechanism are known as clicks.
Clicks can be voiced or voiceless, nasal or oral.
Paralinguistic uses of clicks:tsk,tsk signalling impatient or exasperation
Clicks are common in Bantu languages, like
Zulu, but also in other languages of South
Africa, such as ! Xόõ and Nama.
How to Transcribe Clicks• bilabial • dental • postalveolar• palato-alveolar• palatal • alveolar lateralThese are combined with the corresponding velarstop [k], [g], or [] to indicate absence of vocal foldvibration ([k]), presence of vocal fold vibration ([g]),and nasality ([] ):voiced dental click [g |]
氣流機制 airsteam mechanisms
Airsteam
氣流
Pulmonic
Glottalic
聲門
Velaric
軟顎
Direction Specific name for stop
consonant
Examples Vocal folds
Egressive呼氣音
Plosive
爆發音p t k
b d g
Voiceless or voiced
Egressive呼氣音
Ejective緊外爆音
p’ t’ k’ s’ voiceless
Ingressive吸氣音
Implosive(glottalized) 閉塞音
內爆音
Usually voiced by the pulmonic
airstream
Ingressive吸氣音
Chick
倒吸氣音 ( 搭嘴音 )
Combine with the pulmonic airstream for
voiced or voiceless velar nasals
States of Glottis
• voiced
• Voiceless
• Breathy voiced or murmur
• Creaky voice or laryngealization
Breathy Voicevocal folds are pulled part + continous turbulent airflow vibration. In complete glottal closure, the arytenoid cartilages slightly apart.The symbol for this sound is
Creaky Voice low frequency
vibration of the vocal cords. Irregular and short period of the opining of the glottis. The vibration occurs in the anterior part.
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