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2. 5-9
3. 10-15
4. 16-20
5. 21-25
6. 26-28
7. 29-35
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10. 48-51
11. 52-55
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13. 59-61
14. 62-69
15. 70-72
16. 73-77
17. 78-80
18. 81-82
19. 83-85
20. 86-87
21. a«iH 88
22. 89-92
23. 93-95
' 24. ^icnqiK 96-100
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cTJTf ^ ^iTjsn aTfsi^ tt ^ tl2. ferf9 ■*TraT37f y4l'l ^ "Q;^^cR<n t, Hl5tl crl'icTl t. 'h?! .'^'■^
71*1^1 t, aTFt ^irrat t atr =Rtt' '91'# tl—V ■>77^ 3797; ^HTtlt t (%), ‘'^’ ^
wTcft t (^),?^'^77^^91^3i'Jirfl t (fe) afk=ptirraT
(^)l e^rcS'll^ t1^ tl
3. T57 f?lf9% 3tTi4a f^TTl^TIl ^ ^ arn-^ ^
vni ■Jil tt -zTf ‘77' ui^i ‘to’ to tr ^5n^i .str ‘-sr’ % m.ti‘«i^’ ‘■ET^’ ^ ■sn^i
4. 7^ ■^iRtTO ^O-TI •^'fl'1 tt 77% -f 3^7: ^^ITTTT «fllew 33^ t4^=Wl8T7:
3ft' TOiraT 'Th'iT^ ■^^333 o^'fl'i 3^ 37:? "ft "TilTt t —87, ■^, ^f, 37, "^tl '33^ (3i + 3 =
3>3) (cl, + T =3), (31+3) = -53 = 37];) = '^ 37T^ % '^3 3!H «7TI
5. t33I3^ 1^Tj3 f^Tft 3t 7T3i^33T'?r^3 3ff ft731^ tcfti «lR<tl t, t3F3% 7^^
tt aTfsrai 371 3t TOR t, 't' % %13: '", ‘/; I* 3 " ‘33’ % f^ ‘37' 331 3 f^,
‘37’ % ‘37’ 3 ‘33' 337 ‘W’ % ^ 337 ‘w’ f^l
6. ^7® crnf 3)t 33T33 ■!{ ^ '3^ 373 373R t, —’3’ 3^7 ‘3’ I
7. fTT M3 3^ ^ t ^ %7| f^3T^t3ffT3t^3tT3T 3^ t, ''73131’ ^
‘7313T’ 3^7 ‘37133’ ‘377T3’ 3T '773737 tl
8. ^ (‘ ^’) ■3337773 % 373 '^ ■3ft fc7737 ■3737, 37f337t?r 33^ ‘377§Ilc(f^’ ^ ‘377^373’
Ruacl tl9. ’■3’ 337 ‘■35’ 3ff ■3737^ 37 ■^^ oq^i1 % ■3t% d'lcil t TO^ ‘'7’ ^733 % '#3 d'lctl t,
Y> V,Vl10. ■53^ 3^7 3ft 37fe37^ % 377713 ^ f35R '77^ ■3ff 37^ tl
^ 37=3 f^f33l' ■^377713
■3cft tl34 % 373 ^
‘3’ % itH^ctl 'Sf3)37
8 Self-Learning Material
1.5^CIII^K
^ciHMiO if -^m ■gifm ^ iT^ t—1. TJ^ TI3’ ^^llp'ish ^ "t 3TtI: ‘t’
if ‘t’ ?sl$«h< W ‘^’ (h<,I(31 ■^) ^qci ‘^’, ‘•^’ ^' \ 9 «. .* • «»•
< r»wji'w'31' if-^%g^ 3T: ‘-q’ ‘q’ ‘q’, V -51 ^%gq X ‘'^’ ‘^’ ''^’,
^ ^ ‘^’ ^ ^ t9l$ch< arf^ ^5llPieh «<nq|,qT <Hqcil fl
2. «hi(^ci«h< % '^§<ict ‘st’ q: qq^ wirar Tnff ^ qpTqift qr^ft qit, ■^-37, 3TT, f^, aqt, 3J, 3^, 3Ttl
3. sry^if ■wHi'ioi %qrrq ^ ^ipn^qqff ■frwrr, wq, 3Tqq-37qq, ‘■?3’, ‘x’,- ‘q’, ‘q’ crq t ^ iR ^f|qr ^i qr ‘"^i’ % % «Tm ^ f^qr ^ rrq ‘q’ ^ amr^ ^ ‘q’ ^ ^ ^ qqq ti ‘q’ rrq .‘q’ ‘q' if ^
^ rfq ‘q’ qt ‘q’ q qt ^''s1<;k «rfit qr qqq ^i
4. qq qf qf 'f fq Pjiail ^ hi^ii^ qq| qT%, % ^fq^ % q7qT^qif%^ 3i1t qq^
qpTt qrfl^l %n qfffeqi^'qTf 3TR-qi^'qTf 3TR-qJ^':^-qj^'^l -:
■fl ?q^qq%%sqqqTfoT
f^«ch4
aq; qf qifT qr qw t % qqt qR#T qqr3tr' % qf^ ^ aqq^qqqr ^■^qqqq qif q?q q^qq ^qq ■§!
?q q^^ ^ 3Ti?iRpff qtwq qq q>qq -acrvloilM "fi ^ q?^ f—’’aqqFf fqqfqi %
q^ *<<iicii q^ ■?# qq q^ aTiir q^ q^ qqr % qrq qqff t^rfq qff sTfqqr^ qr ^
qii ^ qr fe ‘qq^’ mi P^-^wh ^ qr^ wa^f %f^qqqt.TTq%q^qqqfq> an ink'll fq^ qr^ ^ qit qr^rif anqpff ■%qt® q^ affr qifi qrqr^, qt qqpf ^ qf awr f?=Tfq % q57qq qrqq f, aqqq ■^' q^ q^q^ qqiq%^i” qhff qf % ^ q? qr?? qi f% Pg'^wii if q^qpT ^ qqi^ qi^ qfq %fq "t, ^ qf
^q'lMid '^■§1 ?q. qqiq ^ %fq ^ q?TfT qqqTqf qR% fo; qnq q^q^%fqqtf^f%qiqqrti
1. ̂ qqq^ qmqqrqqq^ ^ t ?2. qrqi qqr Mq % qi^qfq qft g?RT qfff^i3. qr^ft %fq % fqqitq qr q^^ncqq? qqf qflf^i4. ■^qqq^ fc^f^ % aqqq afk ?q% qrqq^rq qr qqjiq qi%TT|5. ^ci-iMiO %fq qit fqqfqqraif qq atqpT «t>lpjini6. ^qqrqrf % ■jq qqr qf^ qr qq^rq siRm.i
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Self-Learning Material 9 •
I
Foundation Course in
Hindi 3TC5n^3
❖ 'Jllq'l ^ ^l^Tq
❖ mu ■^' w % ferfe^❖ HUJ'Him 3T4 TJ;5 H5Tq
❖ Tig'm‘(i
❖ %
❖ mi ^ sjfwi
•> TT^ ^ ^ ^
❖ ■ti^Ri m tfsn m mR^iiii
^ ultlHI?'!!H5Tq
1.1 ’iter*rmT % f^‘^ qt ^ ■3TT tl W % 37*fm ^ ^
■fl ^ ^ilqcchu sftr q^n: ^ f^^TR t"!
1.2 ^rrarwiTf^j
% oqfcKI'm 3^ «1IHirjiqi Njilqi ^ Xqii5«J ^ f—
1. fq^K filPiHq cFT 'Hq'f'rtH ^RTfeH-H^'^q "^jFiT % Wicqiq^^ nRqK
(qqn fqpl*iq T?;^ "fl
2. f^Tii T^ H-ll «»)i <^n-^7T^ fqqi'^ ^ ifiiVl ^tff '5TT ^TTO ^ ■^, Pq'tjH dfk
TpR '5iT^ ^1 [qifqifiiPn sfk Hi'iq y^qiqi % yqm ^ STT^ "'n Pi<'fl(. aTPt q<5i 'fi 3T^
fq^K*! ''■|5<l^ fq-fll WT % q)K«I 5ilfu|4l f I
3. oyfeWq:) % Pl'iiforTf'7r^|i|*-’7M oql^cq % fq^RT ^iecq'juf qiKqi
ql«:^^, 37^ ^7T^TJ|^<H4iC1Clt'i44> 37f^oqcw ^ ^qill
ti3^ 37^ ^iqi^ qlci ^Ts+r-n
10 Self-Learning Material
pq'tif^cl cqf^KIcq 'll 31tl: oqf^ ^ 3#I^T%f 3^?% oqfc^lfq
im\/t^ vrar W
n hr^iq=hm
4. fiifgry ^T^2ifrr ^ ^f '^Trai ■§! ^Tgi-^iT
tlHr-q % 3TMT-oq^5n, dlqiiqrj^^j.aT^nt IqRiie 4lq'i
f ■pi STTf^^ilff %^37raR "P ^ f I
5. 'HiHiPit^ -Jilqi "^f ^7raT-'>W^ tiHl'jf ^ ql$cil 'll fqri'i’l fqqiRin ■?tnt, ■3?P1I
^ IqehWi'llcl ft’TTI ^■Qi^'^JW'^ 'SfTt^^'tl q't^o: ^Tf?! ^ "f’f^RI^ 3TNR
■p qird4l, Pif pHci'^dqx 'll
6. sM IT? 'SI^IRn ^ <Hqi<n'l ^TM ITTSPT ^t?TT tl ^TM TT^ TJ^kH
^ ii
fqqii'W <3^^ '4^fqa <Hil5rq % '^I3T '51^1 f I "pit ■J^IR ^iW
■f i ^TM ^ snr ^ "PI 3T’i%
7. f?!^ ^ yqffl ^ 3TraRf^MT-*INT, ^ 3PJTT
wcf ^ ^ ti TTI
, ■PTRT ■?I?T-Pq5ll't %
^ ^rq^y'H ^ PiRci ■^’ ■?tTn 3TtT ^ fWT ^
o4<N^| ^ ^ Tll ting 3TO«T, -sr^ 3^ Tp ^|
1.3PT?f % Pi'-iRiRaq f-
(P) ingpp, s (IT) ^■■^l%-*IM
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TTT^IW^ 3TTPIT
pp PT TISFT ‘TUgP^’ tl pg^TM ^ 3F«f t—P ^ UpF ^ ^ PPI pi
‘^Pnt q-H\pH?^’ PfPT ■p % f^I^IM ^ ^ f I 3TcI: ■^' ©qq^a pp
^ ITT^PP ^ tl p ^ Wqg TTig^ ^ -^^ifKT PP -cl' 3TPT ttP tl 'W
Tit^ arpiipm ^ 3TTP^ ■^r' smi pp % ■5? m^, ■5R, #51^ anf^ t, ^ pp
Tit?! ^ ingpp tl 3T^, sR, •qpsr^ 3nf^ tt^ ^ ti ^
wm PP ^ Pp PP tl PTT? PP3^' ^ "RT^PP % ■PIP^ ■=Tft' TIP P TIPPI
PT^ ■% TTP^ ■P^PP^ ^■^ PP^ ^ tl Tl^fyi’f ^ 3TT3^' 3T^g[g^' ■^' j^mIhci %P
■RP tl .
P^PP cqlVi "R?! "^nPl PPfpP xqN qxfll t, "3^ 'RTPTI TTTfi% "RfcPPI
^\tfl11 TIP■PP-'pTP PI ■pPcf
(■P) TI?PP, (^) PPI
HgTCI
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P
Tn^^im PT-gf^
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■^r "PIPP % ■ipp ^ TFT?!^ 1^ ^ % PPg ^ 1W P P^PR tl "P^PP %
aiiiifqiq t—H?rq
Self-Learning Material 11
1; WI5|1 % ^'llORefi fachiti if f^RRT Hl(K«h ‘Ml^’l
^ t ■JcRT ^ 37ra?7T^ ■'J^ •#r sfk 7?^i Hf^'HI'^l 3iiq^*iqiqi ^ ■^' ■«§iq«b
■§! Hlcil^ ^ TT^TH (cilRql) % i-c^K^i SRI 3RPT ■§ 3^7
P'lsiH'n qi<tq| "tl ■’TT^^7M% ■HlHM Sifcqqi % off^ 37^"^^ t
^ ^57^ 37Pr^ ^ 37^^ tl VHtiA % ■J7?ng?TR “tn^^ ^ ■<JHcb<'J| t, 37PI^,
3RFRIT WT
^ ^ % Jnrm ^ 11^ra% sri ^ ^ «FraH % ^"t % ■RT^^TM ^ 37f^7?f^ ^STT'J^ ^Rclt f t^RT^
3P7% 37^^ % if' T^37f ^ ^ -^I^l 37F=? ^ ^ 173:5
5?IKlR«t) f55iRT "fl
2. 'Srsft %j qir^ch T^ HIiR<<») fqqil'H 'H5l«<«tt-HI'lRiqi Riqiltl % ■'T?^
37T^^TRJ7{T Pq-qK '^if^ 55t ^tcft 'll Pq^t 73:5 77T5T 55 37^ "t—fqqR *rr5I 5it f
■?RI55 ^7M ^Ht, '3cRt 'Hi^iqq i'H'hl fq^K ^1 Tffsft 75lt ^ “Wjfm 155TO % 577^ 5Jt ^557 37rqV55? WfT f % 5>llP)Ref>
Foundation Course in
Hindi
^tcf ■§, <>fq4l 735 37^^Riql ■55 735> Ri^i'iqi ^ 3^7 f55Icll 5RT 5?t ^
■§!” ■
37k *imr ^5Rf 57tl % 5RT fSRPlt
fqqqfl % 77RIT 55 \5l”
3. ^r5ff% ■^Trft f IfHiHif^q) [qq^itl 7T?ni3)-5T^’TT5I 51^757 5it ^IHlPq«h 5515
■5R757 TTT^’TM^f 5tH5T,'f^R35T, 5^'5R5T, ^71575 37Tf5 TTloai 5f 375^ f55Rt 37k
t ■3715ft k5!|t5 355t # ^ ^1 ^, TTTTM% ■?7T7 if ’TRlferf 3fk PqqiRia ^^7^ 55 ^ qigqiqi 57t ^ tl7T77F5
:-yiP6c5 775157 '55 "5^ tl '51^5151 PcnP<ao Tdftcq
5T755 ■^f 'Jimlq TTTfiRl, 77^551 37k ■^-ftqM'l 55 MRlRiRjcq 5R5T tl 5fll^ ^^5 qiAdl l75t€ if
Ruai ■5511‘’771^51515177^5?! 375% % Rl-qiPl, 51^’ 55T 77ff5T55%n37f 5i! 7T^ 5f5t ■%
■5f7t^-5RI% 55 7T5f55 7555 tl”
5.^1^% 'HiqirHeh fc(<iin7'^f 'H5lM«h-'5^ HI^'Hiqi ^ Hlfll 3^7 TTT^Tjfk % 7555 5^ 97^
5it ^ ■% ■%7g% tl ■5ft 557’7T t 7^ qigqiqi 5T^ oqRwql %'%5 7^511, % 7^ 5%
5R% tl 7357 5T5T-77T5t '^[qflqf % 5t5 77^57^^
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7Ti7fif55>'3[t55 155577 5it'5Rks75i tT^riTT 11HigqM W5
TTfmT7?5t 15^ 5T5T-5T5t ■57f555t'%'515 5t1
6. WlsTl % ^frt«h «4lRf9iq> fejqjRj "if H5iqqi-'5W TT^tI 57ft-77Tf5 555% 11^ q'^ "57
357^55? ^Jilqq ■% "Tt 717557 735 155R 37153 t?l§rl t sfR "% '371% '^l^ 55 RihI'JI
■5R% tl 7557'^ 51^f^'5>1'5577l%fy55 tkft tl %% Hioi^ q'®q'l 5i1 <lq=h 735 '^Riq> qigiP^qt -^■Tlql
tfH 35%'577577 ^1^^1^1.511 % %1 ^7% 5557 5l1 55?I'll, '%73 3^7 5if55T%'5^ t
1%7T% 3'1%7! -^'R5 55 f5557T tl57 tl
/.'57^^7757'f%^1I^'^7%"55775fTTTT77755-15^51571%5R l5f555 55 775155 TTRT^^iTPn
■51>.5 t, 17T1%% "TTf ftryr TTcfR 5i7% 55 5t 71%55 7555 tl '^75775 % 37^757, "75? ■?R%' ■%' 735
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1%a775 1^55 '5>?% 5II 375^ 5ft55 '55 371551% 37T5R 'tl 57^ qiR^l”
8. 75^^7757 ■% TTrltrZT % 37*2755 3775^ '511 ^%-55^, 5)Ri5T, '35^5177, '5>fI5l, 37Tl5
'51^5757'%''^f%n%tt^tI '355%'5^^'577757%'55% 3775^^'^511—5F >l^'50l %77^
12 Self-Learning Material
% <5rtl fl *iig'HI'1l f^oi 'Hilary T<5sh< c||<r1'ti ^ yfFT ^ "SFlf^ t. fw^ *?7W7’ ^3^ ^ ^ ^ tl
9. 711^% ywi^wi <»i1 «iir^«hl-fng«?M%1?T^'^'3r^?Ff Tj;^ <5Hdf^4)'^■'ff^WT t ^ ■?r^ 3^ ■^' ^
tn^ w ^ ■?T^ ?Fr-^iR
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H^l'sliq^ ?SI2( SiH-fl fH ^TOTT % 37T^ "'R chlqrii^i, ^T^TpRIT, T'R’STRI, ^
3T!ft cRF?f f 1 31^ 31Tc*nf^oi|f«tc1 ^ 37^RT %cT% ¥1^' ^ ^'jHlrM4> 3TfH^ f^=hl^
^ tl
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W ‘TT^^w’ '^i5<niai f I TT^’TM ^ «h5eiia1 "t c^TTf SRf3fk f^Rf% SRI TI^ % Piqwl ■'RFR ^ 37TSPT-3rSPT ffl
■-'TRT^clt'T, ^TRrf % 31^ ■^TlS ^TM'^ o^q^K ^1 ^TTRf % -Kid^iai
■RR^ TT^^W ^ 3mT 3WT H5fq T?T f I TT^flS i<=hai % STr^TRI
3TH^ ^1 ^TRcf % sn—14f?Rrt«R, 1949 "loi
^TRcfN ■?ifS^''R*n % 'h4<h*+iRi % -Ma-si ^IIRI
*lt Wtl ^ TI^^W 3?^ tf 2ff| ^T ^ S^R Tr^?^TH,% •3IRT
*fTRM'
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^ ^Nrdd %RT -rm tl RfS^FT % TRW M -tl' TR^, 1%^
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' «ftl<n=hmi, RMRT, 5I^RR 3Ti1s ’^Flff ff^ fq5»qfqs4ici4l % fq'HMiT.!^ RStTT^ ’R ^ tiH^l Rrat fl .
qomR
Hpusci ^ TRRRTI ^f 3T'7^ *nW ^)?T ZIT—”3131^ sit f97|t9iqi if 19'^ 5'ioi«;1■'I’ ^ ^ 3iM RPT^ ^ 11^ RT1% <NHlPd4> TR
<HHlPil'^ 'jflq'l T^zff ««'I<»)'(, H^-qiqll ^ SS ITT '^TT^ ^ 1?I^>R TUI
^ RrT f % 37^^ %3lfh’#il ^ Hll^^llPlch cRTR, 3R 13?q S^TT •qif?*), 1rTI^ Tltnf % rIr "R
ITRT ^ 3RTR ■=! ■qtl”
^Kfllq Tlf^ZJPT ^ Tl^’TM TZIPT 3ISPI 1^RIT W ''R^ >il5Rfl«h TRFHrfI %
TFPR TRR ■=TSf' ^ TRTTI 1W ^ 3TW^ Ti#g ^f •#' t ^R^ ^
3RPTT^ ■^' 3mf% T^ "tt 'JiqPh Tl^ WT % TT^ 'J'P TRIlf^ "f—
Self-Learning Material 13
1. ^ ^ W t ^ ^SPTcTf -cTsn tl mrit %
wiidl' ■R^' % Ararat 3Tpr? ^ t. WR =t5i4?t)H w ti
■^tR 51^, 5T^, TRRSTR, ff^^FTT fe?R TT^ f, cM ■'?^JfR,
^pRIcT % ^ if ^ ^ Wlt^T f^RRR ^ 11 Ws\ % TI^' if ^ 5r%T. ,(
f^RTf f^Rft 'F’T if i^Rfl ■^TRtT 'll ^^Rrt if f?^3^f ^ ^^IRf—«»s(l'iiST, aiR^w^O, ‘^FFTT^T^^ W
<'r4»cRH.^^ ^ ^ 7t tl 37f?ite ^ 87r?f'5/^ i^'sRTf?^, R^TT,37T^ tl TFS^t ?RfRRit'^ 3# t 3^ ^ % ‘
bio'll ■^T^ f I TT? PlMfoi afh: ^iqirH=t> i^ehcll ■^' TI^ ^ 3Tft^ ^jfrr^ f 1
«7iwr ^ 37r^7Wm t?(1) 4i<iqiRl4)'' ’̂ H'C'RR tT2?T Rl-^|<1'^ STT^-TI^ij^TTT^ ^ %RT^^RTti
(2) TI^^TM % ■jfk^ fRlT RFRPT ^ >i(ii=f> iftTf f, fWT 37*11^ 'ff^ ^WIT ^ nR-qi'Hqi
RPTT ^ifRIT t(
(3) <1^*1 ’Q.'hai sffr ^TT^TtR^ y.ctifli ^ Ri-^im "o;^ TT^^TM % RT^i^ ^ "tl
(4) ^IRH Rt^iicn if 'TMsif ^ ■^^^^rrfqcp f | «fM3Tr' ^ 33T^
R’RPT cRTT Rl'^iKH f^RfT ^THT ^Tlf^ ''TT^ TI? 3R?% ^ ^ Sfpsff
l.6('n-)^^rd «rmTWJ 57M ^ ^ aTOf tl -H^Td W ^ ^ ^ t, l^lTif
^ J^mld ■^Rfif^ Rl^iHN "tl ^ t, ^TRT
^R’^rarf'^'^jRnt ti '^isciia! ti ^7RT'^R?^i%^RPTT'^3nriT ti
aTT^jf^RT ^ fq^R ^Kaq4 =1^ '^RfifR-’TRT % ^ ■^' Rsjn ^ f a^
e^Rw 37^^ 't ■?RT^ tl % ■'T^RR ^ 3RT^ ^ 37^^
TITKSRT % '^cil' if T|"t ''3;^
^ RRlit ^7# 3^ ^t4-«jiwr it cqqgfl «JRtf ^ TTg^TRIf)
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1.7 (^) srmrRi511-1 3-1 Rl sffr 4Rqeh ST'iJcqqtqi ^ ^Riqi ft^TT ■§’ 37^ «ff TT? 3f4)t1l
T? ^qidll "3^ 37^ TI^ <hh4i T73^ 'T^^T fl ^ SR^q^ ^ if ^ TFT^
‘qmT3^-' ^ ^7#7f TI| ^ mSTf ^ 37WRR-37®qTtR ^ fl qmT3^f ^ ^TTt 171^37!' ^
^ftn'tl ^TR^if "^RTt, "^Ht, W 37^^ 37Tf^ fq4^;il f 1 ^ci^lRl^i etiKuii'-^
^TRcT if qmr % ^ if 3#jft ^ ir’ Rf e«l4dl ^ 37Tf8f^
■fT^TTg "g aj^Retil if 3#^ ^ qiciqicil ti if Tt^FTR ^ cqiHK 370R77 Trra
37M^'5r^TOR^^’Rtl mcT ■^'«rmT if 37ir3ft 77R^ ^t#r ^tl 373: ’TM % t¥3«5 if 3#5ff 33 F7PT T33> ^ % '337 if ^ # W3T fl
TT3ri7T3T 3fk TT5^7T3T 33 33 1%^ 3if ^ 1^ 33 ■R3k3 'll
Foundation Course in
Hindi
, ^^3733
sfR <irqii % WT^tl■R3cT sRfRT
14 Self-Learning /Material
W ^ ^ tl W ^ Tt tl ff^. w % -qn^ ^ TT^
'tl
«HIH<ft ^T TRT^ 'tl 1%^:^ VRT 3ir5f «1l(5W 37k HJ1'»)[Rc1I ^
i<shfll %*i7T?7 W
^ J7^Sraifl;
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3. TT^W ^ TP? ^ wrr % %T'TT^W^ 37T^?^ tl
4..“TT^^ *pii ^ t'k ^ ^ t ?
. 5. <.l'?'HI'li 31^ TR^'jfW *iraT ^ '^IT 'f ?
6.1%^ W3?f -k' w wk' Traff^ Trq?it ark ^ ^ tl
t?Merq
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Self-Learning Material 15
Foundation Course in
Hindi 3Tszirsr4
affr R4c5;m
TTT^^rrar ^
❖
❖ ■RTg*fmT fw % ^3^
❖ % TJ^
❖ f¥^
❖ Hl'^'Hni % WTFI Ri-si’fl
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16 Self-Learning Material
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Self-Learning Materiel 17
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18 Self-Learning Material
^ "^fH '•^ifV^I ^Ts<n 1^ ^I<;<gr=h< ^ «r5^' ^ ^ ■^’ 'Jin«t)Kl ^ Hji^ii^i •arH^i ttqiai f I q)[qni^ ebuci^
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Self-Learning Material 19
11. <»ji 'snitnt ■§ «1<3^ ^t'
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20 Self-Learning Material
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Self-Learning Material 21
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22 Self-Learning Material
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24 Self-Learning Material
('W) ^iqn
f^rr^' ■STCTT ^ yii'isifii wft ti ■3^' 3i%t if ^jpft f i
(IT) WH WOiiMi-'^«liqiqi «ITf^ ITOT, ^ ■prtl tl cqT^3T?;WTft WI tl f¥tr f TH ^ ?TM % 'Hft TT^' ^
^ ^ fqKlK ■^Htn tl
(^yuiicHVwf^ yuiid). % sT^rtcT -*Ridi ■sfit ■jqrtw #ft % yr
^ ^ tl
t? t STSjf^ft q'jflKH'h t STSryf^mq sfqPT^
oHnsm qiM
% qifqai %oqnsqT
(T ) «'i«;i«J yuiKrfi-yrfq ><'J|iciI f «h[qdi f 3TI^ qifdd % 37^ tt %
«t>Iqai % 37«fH^qic^
^ triT tl qilqdi yiT t ?77 M'^inril ft q>R4di% ft ■^ntt tl W5 sTTy^ % %q; TT^TT# t ^ftf^ ^
^ ^)fq 5RT qH5i<»i< q.fqfii yiT ■'.■HKqid'i ^ tl( ^ ) equsui yuilwI-W W# f ■^ify SRT dH^ekl lIFny^ ?[RT ?itcIT3t yif^'cil % ’Tift
^ ^TtF y>TI% y>T ■^ITcIT tl SHiqjfqchdi^^K ^81131^ ^ oJfTT^i il^d ^RtlT tl
f77^ STt^rat ^ ^1qai f Tf?i! tl ^ *trS|T8f yil ^iTcIT t 'Sfk SRT
■^n qfdet 37ft q*«|pqd cqngqi «it ^cIT tl
fqwh'f—«bfqrtl yit 37f^T^ yRT STlft^iT^ Tft tl TFj|T3Tr'% 3773^7 ^4qt^chdl ^rtt 77t^ f rKTU i^qiRd ftft ift tl int ■^rtf f % ffoq ^rqt' qrqt'
3iichK fqqi tl ^tf Tifdehici t ^1*^4 yit qlcid '^'JHdi'i tl 3TT^Pic*i 't =tifc|dl t
IRT^joRTqr^ %'SRTF
Hldq % ^Rl«h qq'l 3^7 TT^TM f trdt 37Tf8j^, qniFiicb, XI'JidKd'h fqj^Hdi dqi'K ^ Ttt tl
qifqdi 37rjf ft ^Tlft yit 37ff cqlqd ^ qidqd ^ tl
■sTifirar^ f?Fii% tt ■f ■^tl 37M'^ qifqdi
1. yjfytTI '^yr 37ff MN qi^rt -t ? =t)lqd! ^ <<gif^d chllqy,!
2. ,^nsT 1713^ ^ yuiiRiq'i' TTWIf^l
• □
Self-Learning Material 25
Foundation Course in
Hindi
6eh^inl
❖ '3^^
❖ eneill
❖ eheill ^ ^-liq
❖ eheii! ^
❖ Wft 5=5 17^❖ qizi'll H5Tq
❖ «h5Ml ^ 'W'+iCT %5
❖ =6?T^ <lqehfif cTsiT dRf1<^ ^<3i^ % Pt4^1 ^ ■nRIqa qx.niI
❖ 4>^h1 % 3T8J ^qr qmil
❖ M c^igrrt % [q(^n anqrat ^
1.1 ^jtoJTWT ciIR'^Ti "SIFT
^ ^ M^rel ■fi qi^iP-iql ■'7^ ^Kriqil ^ q^s-ii
qH* % 3fk Hl'l^'il'l
tl
1.2 <*)^l41 ^ mR^imi
% STsf q?r VJ^ ^ t¥«R 1^5Rf 5RT 31^ 1T3, ^ Rnf^Rdd f—Mh”^o T^o ijfici % ST^TTR—’'^"^Fft ^ 5^ 3T«raT 'iT^ ^
^^HT^%3I^77TT-‘’WTt ^ T^ t ^ ^ ^
TT^qj^ ^ ■^TsRi ^ 133’^-■^, ■’Ti^ 3STT1^ if, I3i^ ^Hdl
(jfK'ilq*, f i”
^ t, Iwf iT^-mRr, ■f 1«ra^ ''ff^ ^ 17T^ ®T’7% ^H-^fcrio
1.3 chgi-Tl ^ ^tic)
4)^h1 % -^iiq ■ft SMfecT 'sflft ■FTT’ftN f—
26 Self-Learning Material
(I) qiclf«r1IW, ■^TTZ^fN^, W HiV'JII % ^ ^^lll■=tifek,l
(2) ^ ^ 1^ "3^ ^sJrW^R^ ^i ^ ^ aqpT^ ^ 373«ra im f, ■%jm\ t^i
(3) f^?IT«ff ■^q'HN "tl 5tlRl'< qi^lP'iHl ^ ■^tTTT ^ifsk, f^R^’ l5i^3qf
(4) '^5iii 5^sqrff Pq^fl'^i WrfT■f, 3qw: 'Jilqi % «TTRIR "4^ ^ shglPiqT
(5) fqsjifqql ^ ^oi-n shsiPiqT -^'iii! Rlf^l(6) q>5ii1 % <HKMp^Rf w ^ qiP^k, Pjii^ t^t^lIT2ff,.9qt?lT^^
W^l(7) ^Ri«h 3Tk ■^PTrST ^ Hp^qtfai % 3?!^ <;i(qcq 773% 31^ q^eiPiqT '^iT ^'47«R
tl1.4 chgiql W
■'K^lRt-f^RM % P-J^qRiPofl ■5733 d^^fq f—1. '5nR-(i) 'SRt ^ ?r^, ^^rq<l, cilqilpKiql ^ ^Iqtjql' '^iT ^fB, q5<,nil(ii) ■^T^ ^ 3)fpff %73% 3% ^IfViql 3>I ^ ^TPTTI(iii) ■OTt 3% Wlpjiq) 3)8713%, ^Ri^if^qi qdiid
-HIHlPqq) 37113%' TT3 iqPTg <^qiq ■% 'HfiPqci sRHIl2. chVi<^-(i) Waf 3% nlRgq) 3 RiRgo 3qf%o3f33 3)T fqehi<H 3i73FI(ii) 3% qizi'll 3^ 3 iR73% %' f%^u| «hhii
(iii) 733) 3% 3f3, 3^7331 3^ 3T[f3 J'lPmq'l 33 '(3337? 3i73TI(iv) W3f ^ 33)3)3 ■% ^^3% 7(3 3^ % Pi^^'Ji 33T3TI3. 7i^-(i) ¥1^ % ■^33T3T3) 7lf333) 33 13337? 3??% ^ '33% 3)^h1 ■f%n3% 3% 3f3 3133
r, 7?f7^j33> 'TJ^, 3Tf%3) f333T7% 3 337313%,
3)73TI(ii) 33 33)733 3J73T 33? 73TW?T3 3% f37?? % ^ STHTR 3?73TI 4. 3Tf^r^-(i) 3Tl3 3 3% % 3f3 73Rt 3?3 33P3I(ii) W3) % 7?%3) 3% 3f7^?3 3)7 '333)) 133^133) 33 nRqi'sfq 3i73? 3;3 33% Tc3 7?T3?f33?
333773 3)7% 3% 3%%^f3 33 13337? 3)7371
1.5 chgl'll
3)61%! % 575 7?3% 3% ■33133? "3% ■%33) 33T3t "tl f7?% Hi^qi 3?T7Wf % 3?J^ 3^ 3)lT3f %7f3T tl ^7733 3*?T3 3?f%31)3? tl ■%33^ STTT fT? §F5 33 7?3133 44I^7U| tl '33313)7 5)7?73)3)
quilci "577337 f7?33 ■Q3’ q^rq'i^'jf ■35rf7’3 tl '33) 3?^ 3)fT3)337 3% 13%33? t 3? 3?3%
T7T3)‘ %? 3?3)33?33 % T3«3T? 7) %7n■377733 t)3? tl 3% ‘■37?% 3)^ 8??’ ‘7?3% "3)) TJ^) 37533 37^1%) tl’
S'fiifHq) q)5lP'iqi 38?f4q|^ 37133? ttcD t f3% 7?3R 33 ■%?77 R<slNI "^Tn?
7?3T3 3% 77T3T%, 3t7 ■%37?) ^ 5?ri3T ■3)3? tl
t ^r7?% 3)^ % 5^ 3% tM 33qiOiq<'J| <irq"i 3?7fT?
tl 5tt3?)f33
1.6 ^(I)3)fTl33? "3^ %) 1%iyi 33)73R 33 "5^ 7333 ti f3%) ■3TK33 "% 3)3^ 3% 3?I<iVlf 3%
3%7 d-^^a f3?3T "33 7?3)3T tl
Self-Learning Material 27
^ ■^T^T^r ^ itcIT "fl(2) c+i^iPh^I' % TTTSim ^(3) Hic3«hl % ‘5)1 Pq^hm fi(4) 41(3qii' ■^' ^ ■^rmr "ti
(5) 41(3<hl Ji'JIlfHqi ^ foT^TO ■^SncIT 'll(6) 4ic}qTi’ % ^ Pinfui ■^sfrar ^1(7) =Mcr4pl^qi ^ pqqim ■^iUrn 'll
(8) q>6Ml %> <qqiCH4Kn ^ fqebUH 4lc5«t5l 'll(9) s-sifHqi «t>5iPiqT 4l^ ^ fqqim ■§!
(10) qizi'll 'iflqi % ^ ^ <3<iq(fta ^ ^^riqxci ^ sRfqa 4j<(fTl fl
Foundation Course in 41(3 q>
Hindi
1.7 c*j^h1 ^ «HI^ %f W^ufla ^
(i) wrt wmipqqi ^ ^ "^Tf^l(ii) w WT, sftr "^i(iii) qizi'll ^ 3TT^?if=53 qiPei*.!(iv) ^ TTS? g ^ TRJtt ■#■ ^HTTT '^I^l(v) qi5Ml ^ '^W iTTT qifey, iKuiiqiqq} '^l(vi) tlq^ sfk ^ (sqqtl qi'^.ni
(vii) 5i(l«hici srk 4MI4<'^I ^ TRT’^ 3lPiq|4 ■§!
(viii) ■^JTTW^R 5RT q>5iql "4^ 'Jllqn «rA ^ iiqci qi<’11 q(I%<3, P'l'H^I 4I<3^ '3^h4 'fllQ,! (ix) 4>6H1 <J4^qq '41^ ^iqjjq4> ■§■ ^ «iqi^
qiglll 45'^R ■§!3TRWT ^ ^ ark
(x) ■wqi'; (^fqn ^dl'^ <H4ici(xi) q>5Ml qi1cj_5<n 'sraH qifey. pj|^^ 4i<3qi
^ ^ ^!(xii) 3T^ qi^nl <HHi'Jl fqqui hRciI^ t 37^: iln-q'^ ‘'JJB ^ TRl, q^Mii
^q'ii5 —qi^iPiq'i Ri<aqi< 37^77 ^ ■>TTT|
(xiii) q^eiql ^ 37f^ sfk "^lPlwh^-RFra ■qlq’i STp^oiJpqtl 3TF3r ^ ^TfPTt % "m^R ^ tl
4l(3qi' % W >51770 ^ Pfl'W'^ 3<i4i 7T^qigiql % HiwiH ^fS’tRT ei*m1 tl
^ ‘W tTPR % 3Tk ^TtftTT ^ ^
o4i4K-oqq5K ^ ^H^iqqqigMl 3r0 ■’jpf «i44 5^ afk tl(i4|l). '3lT4(1 3370 f I 35R ^ qirHni "TIiq^Kqigiq] "Q^) 37T^t^ ^ ■§! '^IT^H^!i<n qqq>< 37T 'll
1. q>5iq”l 372? qigHl ^ RTt^fT q^Pjiy.!
2. “qi5iql “0 "SrS. ■?T^ ^ yq^nqi ?t70 'll” W '5^2 q>1PS^l
3. <H4iei qiigql ^ FTRI aTTq^qqi ■§?
4. ^4101 qi^iql "^7^ % RtO oFT 'RRI 37R72R5 ■§ ?
5. qi^Rl % Herq 37 MqiRt slfRQ.1
□
28 Self-Learning Material
7
❖
❖ •^pHchl
❖ ^ sjm❖ <J-c^KU| ^ H5t«1
❖ <3'c»1K’J| WTRI '3T?jf^[?n
❖ 3?^ i^Kui % «t>K'J|
❖ 3T^ i’5«IK'J| % ^51iq
❖ d-cqK^I Piq*1
❖
❖ ^ 3T2j
❖ ^ ^
❖ 3T^ % 31^
❖ ^cHt 3l^P&4il' % e^K^I
❖ qrfll Riqn
H5R, % -d^^q
❖ ei||q)<fu|et> oqq^i qR-qq qi<|'1||
❖ ^ d'cqK'JI ^ 0tfq4 H5^ ■RRIFTII
❖ d-cqKU| ■?SEi^ cTSlT % Riqqli' cfff vqiishKl 3RH '^R^l
1.1 ^fnehl
^ ^ SRIRR) ^TTW fl ^ TT^' fl rlRbH d-cMK^i ^ulij
3r«M STRf^ tl TfR ^ ■^' ^ ^R^|U|| ■^'
*n4t ^■^' ^FNTf f^RTcTR fl
^ TR2T 31^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ d-CTjKUi ^ ■Sfqr^ ti "H sfk 71 %
d-cqi<u| 37tR ^ ^ ■'TT^ tl ^ cT^TT 37^4t ^T ‘TI’ ^ d-cqk'Ji 3T2RT ■^' f I ^
qm-i ■^cft^T3^'4t7?t^5?%tl ^ t TRTW^tTnWcTFtl WTf’T *fMqiRs'ii^tl 7T^, Hio?imi,71^, airf^ d-cqKui ■^'irrT,rt3rmt 3tT
d-cqKU|
37Tft Rlt ^ IT^I
Self-Learning Material 29
1.2 T55TrnjTawRTFoundation Course inHindi
%qlci^ ■£[’ ■S'CXIKUI
^ r^flll ^IHch d-c-qKui
^ ^ ■^feiT«f i\m t(^ Picicfl 'll %
'<H*i|q'j| ^ ^ TP^FT t'lttl ^^-cclKUl 3T8f Hlieh <5-c^K'J|
■3^ 3Tk '5>t ^ f I ^ ■S'ctiK'JI ■^TT hH'^ tlH
■^^^riT’^ ^'HPT^ ■^TT f I•cJ-c^K'^) feqPl4) ^ c^, '^, ’ifW <0(i >l4l^l 'ti<^ "f, '3^
dtreinul q^T^lt f I ^T'llCHth
1.3 <d^^KU|-g7rtIF^
^ '^' ■i-cTiKui ^ iT^?g 3T??rf^ '5^31 fl % W^ ^
d-lRl % 1^HS!< aTTRR Ttcft Tft "t 3^ TT^^W% "'t'
3«n <h4>31'i inir «pti%yffilaa ^-Hew 3?k ^ s{^ 'W 'll ^^iRiy. ^ps sfft TT^f^R
% ■i'CTiKui ^,gcii 3TR RPT 3TR?^ "f I 'H^I^TWTSf-'^ <=qfw '’Sunpii
H'ii^I %'^'<H^Rd[^l” %'^5TH'qT ‘’^fFRf ?R3PTt % lTT?n’^l” t
4TXIKU| % ct,l<ui iH5W 3T8f ^ 3R«f ^t^TTI
% 3Rt4d oyfcfrpn 37f^ ■4'C^K'JI ^ ■^tcTT "tl ■iT^K'Ji IRT
o^IRJtOT *it 3TsJ cf^ "f I 'Sjsrf^ omqnui MtHfl 37^ 3'=qK''l '^iT^ ‘'TT
3T^ ^ tl ^ ^ 315!T^ ■SRrT ^ STSif ^ tl
S7TO ^ 3?R?2r^ 3R fi «rp?[ ^ 3r2^ ’tt?3r ff
<H*^q'ji ^r 31131 tl ^TT^Koi vfT^ hR^jia tr^ 'll
1.4'3c!5nWT'5jl‘^TmT^
31?p5 3'CC|K'J| % >|CM<I % f3^1R3'H’lFR: Rici^ ^Icft 31^jfe3t 33 Iqq<'J| -q^T 1^ 'SfT T^I
tl(i) d'JkTcn % 3^KU| ^ '31’ ^ ‘air’ 31SM‘3l’-3t3Tttl 3?, 13, 3, 3 33^ 3^ 3?*lt-3?^ 33
13T, ,3T, 31 3T t), it, t, 't 3f^ tl
(ii) 3t1 ‘31^ <^crl^ tl
%' ^ ‘^’ ^ tl
V 3^t ‘^’ ^ 3^?^ tl
^—’333’ 371‘333’I
(iii) V 3tl V ^1 3133 3tf 37Ttl
—’3^’ 3^ ‘3?3T’|
30 Self-Learning Material
(iv) Y Y ^ tl 4^—'W' ^ ‘^sj'l^ WT Y Yt Y tl
’^Y Yt Y?Rct’(v) 'Y Yt Y’ tl
—Yi^ftci' Yt Yisfqci’(vi) Y‘ Yl Y 'fft ^ tl Yt—'StrT^ Yt <^ci«t>l(vii) Y Yr ‘Y ^ tl YY—YmY Yj Y^nYi (viii) Y’ Yr Y’ Yt Yit tlYY—Yt atr ‘■gYrfY?r’ Yr '^lYtfYcr', ‘TraYwiY’ YT ‘trtY?iY’ atr
Yr 1(ix) Y atr Y‘ t YYif hfT ^iYY—’-T^’ Yr ‘■jtf’i(x) Y’ Yr Y' -^rr -5 ^ tiYY—’tt^’ Yr ‘tt^’ atr Yr ‘^Yr’, Yk^i’ Yr(xi) Y' Yr Y ^ tlYY—’^’ Yt atr ‘•qHT’ YT ‘t^’i
(xii) ’Y YT ‘Y ^ titY—Yt Yt' atr YT ‘fY^’i (xiii) 'Y Yr Y ^ tl YY—Yt ‘-sIYt'i
1.5 ^ijyoS ■% chK«l
Y <S-cqKui Y srt^ tit tl '5*^ ehR^l t—(i) Yt fY^T=F d-cT^KUj ■?J5; "^rtT t ^ qici'h Y ajjqRui t Yk d-cqKui ai^^
(ii) «ii?i«») Y Y tr^ ^ ^th! Y ar^ <s^kvi ^ eFTT'^ tlY tl Y^ ^J'cqi'tui •:t^' ttY tl
(iii) YtY ^TT^art' Y ir^ Y «tvKU| Y ar^ tr^ ti(iv) ■jRT^ Y'5^ Y tlY tl W3 VHetji aTHRRT ^vRirt atr ar^ -s^^kui <»><ni ti(v) Y «t5K«i an ■^rmr ti fYY ■g^rt Yt ntf ^
■i-cT^Ky| ntr ^ ^«hfllt
(vi) 1tYT Y ^ Y 1YYY ?rs? an ^ nr arar Y sYn ntT trY^■cqK'Ji ar^5i Y "^nnT ti YY YT/§^n'i’, <Y«h< YT ^tY^i
(vii) TY^tYT Y ^q^R Y nnYn ■nr^r^ Y a'c^Rui ntT ^ mti
1.6 ^?<l®l
WY Yt ^ <5-cqRU| eh<l^ -jYn t---
6 '^l< 0/ f?I^
trtrrti
Self-Learning Material 31
(ii) <s-cqKU| ■^811 37f^ Hgrq ■^iff^l(iii) 37^5 d-cTiKui •g]^ -^T^'o^q^K '^Tf^l <i'i=M ^5i'«
f ^ 31P^RR eh'<i ^ ^ ^sxrqiOi
Foundation Course in
Hindi
(iv) •i^K'Jlyqn ■^i^l
(v)(vi) 'SRRT ■qifsk.l jhkH ■^'
^ ^5iT3^f ^r' ^ ^ ti
nqiilqil cf^IT '^TT^nt ^ M^l'l 'ill'll qilg^!<i-«1KU( ST^"^ IfT^ "qr
4S<n®q
1.7
f^FFT "t—<3-cqi<J|
(1) qulHlcil ^FH ■fRTI
(2) tclPH^'^ % T-wedTn-'FFI ^ 5fPt d-c^Kui <h1^ ■«5i'H'=h ■?tcTT ■§!
(3) d-c-etK'tn ^ ^ STI^tFT 3T?R 3ijiil«cti fl ai^'iipHc^ ■^'
'iiRi'fti ^ 3nTt^ t^Fii ■^rraT ti
(4) 371^ 3H;l_«ft<ui fc(fg ^ 3PIFT cH'C^I
(5) Iq??rl4^l ^ 5r4l'l «h^4l 3TSlfcT O'J’^ <5-^l<'J| «MI'1ll
"(6) 37^Rg^ ^ ^FPfT)
(7) ^3%, ^TPT, 3h^P&4^ ■'^7 «*IPT '^1
(8) -5(4 ^ ft % ^ -^r' ^ ^ t, ^ 3tt1^i
(9) JS ^ 4’=4KU|
(10) FcFTTWT 3TW ^ ■?r^' ^f ^ 3Ta^T ^ ^ ^ % 3T^ TR
q^niqici ■^tcfT t, —qiHd SRrfqcl if ^ 7TI
(11) 31^^ r«4M44 ■41^155171 ^ ^«T ^1
1.8'^^M^3TSJ^ 372f 37^' ^ ^ZTT f^n3% ^ ■=1^' ^ t 3{fq5 3T^’ "^n
^ ^f TT^n -R# gjR ftTT3T ^l ^ ^ TT^ ^ ^ 3R^ fl ^
■’T3H, <s-cqKU| cTsn T^^TFM 3RI "'R M-$qi 'll
lf9 '^pgf cRHt'^ 3liq^-nc»>ai Sffr H^rq
^ ^ ^ H5<^ t q^lTqi ^TRI ^ % Fl^^RT >R^fl
%RT ^«hOI "tl
(i) ^TM ^ 3#^ ^ ■3fT TR^it 'll
(ii) -ZT# ^r' Tf^’ % ^ ^ -qr^ t ^ Tf^' ^ ^ ■qf ^i
(iii) 1q-qRi sif^oqpKi ^cNf ^ srfti^ RfR fi
(iv) ^7r?T. ^ ■'R 37isnfttT 'ffdt ■§ eiw iF^q^q wrI rmr ■^tcn "ti
32 Self-Learning Material
1.10 Cl r?'ll % PeFR"Pn^T ^rgjR ^ ■gtcft t"—
( ^ ) WMM TUM’U)
(i) T? % WT ’K ’T ^ ^^ f^, w. anfei(ii) ^ % ^siPT ^ ^ ^ ^ 37^; T^_«rp ^ m-^m ^Tif^i(iii) 3 % ■'TT Z W, ^ '?^l(iv) Ji % WT TR 3T8M ^ ^K^m, IRI ^TF 3?Tf^l(v) '»T % WT TR R %;i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^1(vi) ^ (^) % TR ^ W ^ ^tT STTf^l(Vii) «T % WT ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3Trf^|(viii)■?!, R'cTRIR Rit —R^^TcTT RiT 37T^i^RiT 3iich<?|eh, RFT
, 3^R77W /?75ff
srrf^i(ix) ■?? % RTPT ^ ^—■^TR R>T ^TTR, 15R ^ ^ 3RfR|(x) "R % '^M RT R fwHa ^ eTWT, RiRR RiT chKi, R>T RRRT RiT
R=RTT, Ri^RT'^'RiRRTI .(19) MT«H quf M*«j'^3^^yn5[^T-'R^'^ fclglR'^R^if't’f^RRf RTTTTRlTRTlt ^ R^^RR
% ■?RR "R M^=K1 fRTRT RT^; RJ7 37R>, RRR RiT RRR, <9^5 RR lj?, RR "^RT,RRRRiR RtI 3TRRTR 3RfR|
(i) R^^RR Ril R RRTni; RR R^, ^RR ^ d'^A RR d'^Al
(ii) RT^^RR RTR % R^f RT d'lMI; —d'?i^ RR d'^'l^', 37t^ RR 3^}^, 3Tlf?|
(iii) IcRR R RRTRT; —R5RTf(RR RRRTR, R?P(RR RiRlf^RR RiRlf^ 37Rf^RR 3TRfR, RTTIRI ( R )RTRT3lf Rit Sl^jfcgRT
(1) RTRT RR 3?RTR 'STTRRRRiRT RT ^ RTRT R cRTPR; —RR ■’Jpft, RR R5R, 3RfR|
(2) RTRT %T RR ci'IMI; —f^RRR RR A^Prci vRfW RR ifRRRI 3Rf^l(3) RHlPRRR : aRRRRRRrr R #r RT ^ RTRT cTRT '^; ^—3T«ftR RR 37T«jtR, RlRpcjciK ^
RIRlfRRTR, R^ RR RT^ STlf^l(4) "PR % 1RPT RT RR —fft RR '^, RR fRR^ RTc^Rtf^ RR sucthIrQ 3RfRI(5) ^ % ^RPT RT RR aM RR affR^ RTRTR RR 9^, Rft^ RR rR^.
3R1RI(■R) 3?^jfig[5jf(1) 3T^ sm R^
^<rtai RR 3,0^1, fRf RR fR^, 3RfRI(2) ST^RTR: STf^Ri 3-7^1 WTT '^; —^RRK RR ^ificiK, f^RsTT RR fA^ugi, R7^^ RR
37TfRI(3) ST^'RRRftR', 378R RR cfPT ^ RfFR, —TJRfR^ RR TPRR^, iK=h1q RR RRRit, fRRf RR
f^, RiRfMt RR R)fR^, 37lfRl
(4) "^RTtR; —■5:'^ RR RR7RT: RR RRTRT RR RI^:-?r^:, 37lfRI(5) '^3T^W3TmT fdl9HI sffT 3TT^ RR ^ fcHIdHI 7^—Rif RR WT, IfR ^ RTH,
RRR^ RR RRTR>7 37TfRI
773 ^RT; —*icieiq RR RRRef, cr1<3'i'* RR R73cRR7,deicRR
)
Self-Learning Material 33
1.11Foundation Course in
Hindi ^cHt '^*<51'^ ^<01 ■pFTfefil^ "t—
ehlRH RF f ■§, ^ "^^ncIT3RJ5 eh^JJI ^ Rl'i^'ii ^ SigSI ^'H'=hl
ti ^ w ‘r’ affr'?[' fTsnR^^sfk^T'^R t ^ i^ni^ ^ ^ "nerat ^5^1
RWTT(2) Tl’MI 3l^tciK~ifT^: ^-^41 ^ 3l^WK % h41'I ^ ^IM *1^ ^fll
^:-'Of^ if ST^ngqf f, ■i<l?<>J| % trR % %% WT ■(!?TT "^l(3) virnHtt>Kl-%f^ ^ sr^pf 'j|h<+.k1 ^ ^ 37^5 wt ti
^ ‘■^T’ ‘?I' 37k Y'%T'R#T RTS ■=T¥f t, 37sraT RraraTf tMTI f^nlFtl•aqi5<u| % —<-q[^(ni ^ <ftq(ikTfS7T ^ ^'ifS, ■STrf^l
(5) arg-iiRfch rTOT srgwK-'stFT: 37g=nfR^ 7T?n ^ Rt rts ^ in^WkiT, 37cf: fcno^ STgfeilT ^ R^^I, 37li^l
(4) yitf)^ «jraT-w ^ 3-<=^i yi'rfl^tii % ^nrriRTr % f^, if^ ^ 37^ryi fqR il 37^: WT g<Ht
«ff TfSTT 37^5 ■^STFPrfl 3't;i^<U| % ^ 77#5 ^ Tlf^,
stI, f>H/d r^tvici "^sncji ^)-(6) TraT37RT rnmarf cT^TT 37M % ft ^#Tt ^•
chK<J| ^Hia ^ f%RTM 37TT sfil'Jll S'Hifqfl ^
<Jx^KU|
37%^ 3H^f^qi ■§, %
^ tl(7) oETigiRJT gJt 3RTBT?mT-fF^ Rcklt if R|cT-^ ST^fe^fl %=^ ^TTST ^ ^ST^TRn ^
ffcTf "f I Rf^ 3fk RRTR % fnqnl ^ FR R 37^7^ 37gf33n3T^7f^5lcii %
^f8:‘(^q< ?fc^
(8) R^'Wij^ff'sirTRkT-^g'Wi^ ^ ■=fsrd Ms ^ fR9tsm ti ft Ms ^ ^ #f F Ms <H^o ^ 'sirai'ti ■^RFRFT150 srg^ ti RStn % Pi^h ^ ^
^ FT^ 37r«T^ gM?7 ^ tl
cnKU)
1.12 cirl-f) fnMH
qt^nl ^ 37gfe^ % Mj; Mr Mns rftk tt t'—I. R)t RTRT3if % RT^T Mg Rif ^ 37g7RR'^ miR tt Mst t; "^R—t,'t 37f|RI2.lF^fRRTT37f RiT StMr 37^ ‘tt’ RRTftRf t —RfRft, FTcff, Mcft, T^Mt 37lfRI3. RfsfRf Rf Mr % Mff R^‘ % 37Rr if R t, R M if; ^—RfM, '^FtMr; 37rfti4. RRFRf 3Tk RoRFHT Rf^ % RgRRR TSR Mlf RffRf
■g^3^t', 37t1ri5. RfRMft 37I«f 07^7gR 7 MsRT t Rf Ff 37f^ 37^7 RTf MSRR RRT (/) ^cfRTt: RiR, FT, WT 37TfRl6. g 3^7 g % TRTR F RRTR^RR - 3^7 MRRT RfftRI7. gci«hici ■% fstiqik. Mt% gMRT ‘rt’t, fM RRfMf RR f '3^fi rM t;
37T^, RTM RRT M, ^ 3RfRl I8. Ri 3^7 R ^ sMl RR, Ri rM' rM' ^ fl. ^—RRR, RRT, SfMf, RM 37T^1
9. R>, F R^ ^ sfk g % RR if 37TRT Mat fl
t; gR3Tf, •f^3;Tf, RTg3if,\
34 Self-Learning Material
1.. 4
10. ^ % ^111. V altr V ^ ^ •qT:'?t’■5RrTT ti12. 37M X fncitll ■§ 37^ % ^ ^TTf
ST^f 37Tf^l13. ^ W ^ 3Tm t Tit ^3^ 37Tf^ % ‘37’ ^ ^ ^ ^ f;
—TRR 'TTRlf^rar, "aT^fR ■% •^qrf^, 37l1^l14. 5<hKi'T» ^ ^ ch<cb" 37T^ ■qf ■^ ■^' cRTI ^ "f, —H4(^
^lR4l, 37Tf^, 3H^^K ■^' '^^’71; ^R^4l
- 371^1
■• ^'^l{W f^U
15. 37R)Ki'n ^f 37RfT ■§; ■^f; ^—qiRiqil rRJT ^RfF^,
*ir5C1l *lf5'nii<, 37Tf?i16. 714'1h 37k fqqRtn % q1-q ‘^’, ‘cT^’ 37t1^ ^ '^7^ fTM 7?t fqqf^ ^ fcnai ^fP^;•
37N ft % f^, ^ cT^ ^117. TT^fTRf’ ^?T f^ —^17^, 37r7^, 371^118. ^4'IIhI' ^ ^ ■^' ft ^ .fHdl<*7 f^R3T '^1177 f87T ^
f^, FT^ ^119. 3ichKj'Ti 37t^7RPf 37^?^ TfriT "f; —'3^7^, d^4i),
«»5^(i<l' 37Tf^|20. ‘1^’ TT^TSf^ 3Tarq "I sltT ‘■^’
^ 1737 tl21.1f^ % fk^Tfej >(lqHtfc;=t) 3^ ^^77t —T7R %22. 3T3fqR ^ i^ ( ) sik 37^ 3757^
f)7 t; W7 % ^ 1^ W ^77*q^*7q7T7^
, TT^ ^1R 1^Pf C) 3*7^ tl 3RFTT alk
37F7T, 3^ f77, 3777 37k %7T k' ^ 4^KU| 37RR % 17T«r 372f k ^ 37RR ^ W tl37^7 373^^ 'll
23. ’'^’ 37R ‘f’ -Tkirn '■g^', xR ■^‘ k’ fkn t; ^ sTif^i24. 377517 ■^*7^ 377f>77PrT ^37t' k' '7^ fcioct "t; ^—377371, 737377, '^577^ 37Tf^, STlff I25. 377^-TRR7ft 3^ % % ^ ff^ % 3k7 ^ ^ t Ft' ft^ ^ t ft ’T^tfTR 1^
—’lfF7’ '«■*?>■<. 126. t^Ff cTRTf 77^' t R33f ftc77 fl 37ft ?7^' t Rft'l 37c7; 'g: ^ IdTJfl
77^7 TTff tlft^—%77t ^ RTfT t
■7737777 tl 3777; ■fWT "t F^K>f| 3>7 3t ■?73c77 fftt fcfT^ fkfti
i-cT^Kui ^ '773ffk37 RfxTI ftft ifl 37^^75^ 37^i '^Tl 373^ "ft<5-cqK'J| f^a-ll tP77 fTf7'f75!7ft7^ 7<R "t qiyi'ii^ flH5cq
1. FcqK'f't ff7 cTTxf
2. T^^TTTf % Rf?q f77 <5cr'rl<a 'nllqk,?
3. 5^qK«l ^ TTTRRf 37?jfe^ f7 3I^7r?7 «fRm.l
4. 37^^ ^ fT^t % "t ■swiq ffTT^ 77«h^ "t ?
□
Self-Learning Material 35
Foundation Course in
Hindi 3T«zrPT
8
❖ "3^
❖
❖ oqiqi^u] •gjT 37?^ nf^MIqi
❖ <!qr=R«i ^ fq^moiy,
❖ oqi'ft^ui
❖ cqiqitui %
❖ oqi=ti^oi % 3raiR •❖ oq|i^<.ui ■gft
% Piqn'i' HU"^*il
❖ oq|et)^u| ■giT 3T«f-lq^c((il
❖ cqi'ft'-i.ui % xqii'Cl % nRqql
❖ eqiqi't.ui
5fR
1.1^oq'vjni) iptr TjT^,■spcn^),ftf^
qivsral) anf? 3Hd'hl(i ■fHT 3<iq^»qet) f | fqnOci, ’TM-f^ll ^5lM^II, ^-31%, ^ a^ WT MPrcJclH, ^TM^,
■§ PtH+l ^ ^ '^'<^'<.01 cTRI oqiq><'Ji ^ 'll
1.12 cq|chlUi^3TSfT0
■^^tT ciqfqqMfl % qiKui 'Him a^^qi
\ % qrn-iMq^K
^ ;jlir«;qi + 37T + ^ '+ 'Hl'l) 'Jtl'fl ■§! 3Tsf5RT 3T*J ftife tl HtiuRrl %
oqiqi^ui
■§—oqifaiH*^ ( c^rHiEJ*^ )
«TTq^\
5RT ^ oqqr^o 'fl[qsi-i)' % oqjtft^uj
\\' \
■^Ilk t^lTFT 'll■^o % MrfrjyK-'=iii4><ui ^ oHiqeiH-m f ar^rfc];^ ^tiqii^qi4 "^nr ‘ftlc’S ^ SI^^TTT—% <^4 ^ ^«s =Hq^*?i ®qiq><'Ji ^l
36 Self-Learning Material
^ I"The meaningful arrangement of form in a language constitutes its grammar."
"'TR ^RTTT, ‘ctHf %1 ^RTTT "f I
1.3 oyich>iui ^ r^v^UdiiJ
1. W ^ 37TSnT o4lcb<u| ti
2. 'W ’TRfT f^^TR ■§■ ^®r '^HiqeiR^ fqjf^qui tlqRoI3. oHiqXui q|«iq ■^' ■§!
4. ^ ^Srrr ^ ■?fm t 'hi«t ti5. oHI«b<''l *IT4T W SPRy^ 3lk 3T5?TRR> fl
6. ^ ■’JofelT %) (crlt^—w*?*!!, Ri^ii, «fle)'ll tt*IT ^'iii '^rff ^«sai o4leht*J| % Piq+il.3TRTt tl
7. ■STRRR ^ *fRI r^ncqqqi "fRlt f I
8. TR RM ^ cqiqi^u; % 37Rft fl
1.4 oifich^ui ■g?|‘ 3iie«5#Mchflr
o4RRR 3T4 "f| RRfI ^ 1^711
^RTIT tl oq]=h<,u| -3^ Wciai cRt H|dldl tl '^TRRR % Ph^rI' WT
^ ^ fq=w«i qxdrtl‘4ifd4)’ ^TRI^%qiqq
efilsilld ^ fqq)m ^RWt tl«iiqRTJT W
RRT % ^ TT^qn^ ^ qiHI ft cqiq><u| gJT
■RT^RM % 3T^, qid^-Pri<a^ ^•Sdl •apclt tl RT^RM ■^'
^RRfR TIriT.tl ^ R^RTJT 'SRRRRT % RRtR R^ ttRI tl
Rlt mI'I'S tjftrT % tf-RR RR JH-qfdci RTRT R^rRrR tRRRT RiT RTSERT RRRI tt
eqiqXuT tl
1.5 onietj^ui %
xif^ d-Tfll IciOlt-RIRl RR H5-qi1^ wtl RtSTR R RR^ q-llll
oRTRRR ^ <i^?q tl 1R RR>R oRTRRRT q'lddl str fdO'ii 3RRI tl
■^f^RRR^RfTT^RTT-^RTRiRR % fRRRf RH RFT, nlldefi RTRR RRlt R5I RRRRT -srM-l
RRRT tl fRR^RTRT % RTRR oqiqx'Jt RR RR RRRRRRT tl R^ WRf’ RR
ld<a^ Rit ^TRRT t^T RRRT tl
^TTRRRT fRSM % fRRfRfeR t—
1. fTH'-fi) ^Piq\ ^Pl4l % 3TR7, RfRRT, R^ rIrR^ R ■RRRiR RR
RT ?TR RRMI
(ii) ^ R^ % RR "q;^ RRRft' Rt^ R RTRR RRRT % fRRRf RiT RFT RRPTII
^psR'StTRtl ^TTRRRfW'^
oRTRRR % R^ ^ RPS RR ^
Self-Learning Material 37
pijaw^ SuiujDB'j-fjss 8C
1| ^ I ^ bs.l«^-Hht.j^ ^ ut^K iM, itgji 1^, lifeik ak
i| ly ^ yiii.-.||. mSL iiife ^ U^ J^ ^ t)oh»^
l| m ^ Ikii lai^ life hih % HM Ife ^ yaml| UIEH4J iblh^ % KbkJ I11KI4I U^li—I ^ 2lhi
^ if»>aibp ife I ^ ^ im >»g>v ,y. hii yfe in>aibp c^>4> y>B»K ^ h:^ ^ ^ ht?tj Ijai 1^ ^ ^ fej^ ifi>aib& hfel^ yfe fej^ lii—(poqisjAj a/vipnpaa) ithltl^ ( K )
imk ik% ii|^ life .ifei;^ inxblho
l^t^JllftlS Ife invttolho / T
-I
l| blba ik'lafe^ Shjtf- ^ ^ ^ Hlra ik yfe Iklh ‘iiifeklfeih£. ‘iiifeifeZit ‘iiifeyil^ hJ^iK> rauI|. yiil ^ itsfe feiilftyie Silk I ^ ^ ^ Ifelte l| Mk Ife^ yfe Ih. fefe^tshjie>>h4 aH. ^ InViblho VlitoK lii—(JBlUUreJO IBJUappUl) ln>t«aiho <«>ljt»iri (It)
m|a htb bib If^hK Hb ^ lf.Vtblbo k UUlIb
ifefejhe yfe m*~^iSbibo nsyte yfe ikbij kkt^ ‘ ^ |t«>»k^>ainxbiho kS—(jBunirejT) puoipunj) iftvttoiho cb^iafttho ( ^ )
|||iai£l|femttokjbiK li \\i^% yfe Mk Uife bi^h life Ikbkj % InXbIko 1^ klklli iofel^-lfei^ ‘hik^k
'»^k ‘kfel^ ‘Ifei^ ‘jugo—^ Jkb>k ^ fefem Ifefe ^ )j|feK
ife I mik ife^ mfete ys 1^ m 14
ife^ ^ pa kU^ Kfekfi i| p ikfei yfe piatt^ lyc pp %
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VltteK IftVttolhb Q*y
likiife kitbbj lik ipbat^ P yiife ilSpi p h>^^ik pi Iklk ljk£. {]]) likife feik life kiktk\b>i ifeihe pi ifeih tikik if.>g9ii7o y. jfeia (O-i^^feipc y
llklife ^ p ptib. tp-inll % Ms. Jp£. (n)
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feilk i^ pife UlbK pi life pbj-kl>t^ Ifefe pife lkb> bbib ^•Tk •kg>l^ pbb alk pkfi (lU)• ilBkk fe4fe yiife l.lkK life hik hklhf»f^ % IMh .Jj p im (H)
lltiife Hfell mhftp l^ianbij jsi£ UD&CikkK life lbu^t» b'h ipi5^ 'jbi^pil;^ 'pife p IbISi 'z
lip kJfe. life kB>i;^ kshM ^ ipM ^ (nO!P»IH
ui asunoj uotjopunoj
\>:' •
"WT 'Ji^icil % ^ 'TH ^T^Rfl '^1^13? ^ il^=W 'W "t ^ 3T8j 3T?^f^'^t%' ■'7T -il'M
tt '+rqfli ^ 'll 31d=hK f I ^ ^ f I(1) jii«iiwl-^ -3^0 '^' oq|ch<'J| ■'7^ ^ '?T^ N'Jiicil xqRia Tft ■f 1 MUIhI
SlHil^^llPiqi cTZTT WTO^ oqi«h<u| ftreM ^ '^TTTft t, W^ ■H^d ^f ^3^ ^ T^ ^ ^ tl
(2) MHiM-yw«h JH'Jiicil 3T^ "t
<=qi«h<'j| ^ ?rT "^i FT ii«iq>l ■^' 3rR^ ■^' 1%7ff ■'rfr^rr^ ll ^ ti fR3<;i5<ui)' 5rn ■^fmr ti 37^ ■^' % f^ 372^1 r ^ ^ % l^rR;
(^)37nwf^37FR H'il^?iir^qi [^•siTili ■'7T 37|fetiRo "fI ■§■ <+411*
i?r4f ^ ^371' % M3TW R Rnfr ^ 1^5377' ^ t ■jR%tT?IT 3IFT RcIT tl
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"t ?(2) qilficrq t, hiRnI "^TTR f,TTJcq -^TT^ fi
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Riwh4-%^ 4^' ^TTWr ^ oqqR^qn sfht HMct* R% % %q; ozttrttt ^^iqjfqShell ■§! WT, '^TR^, ^7^R7, pq^q^'l, tSRTT, 7?^, 37^7^, ■777JSj41«+*
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^7RW
■^ti4 Rp=t
'»iish<u| gft 5RT (qtiil^iqf' ^
rtRt^
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1. <5qi«h<'J| 37T HMq ^ STT^T H5e<+ t’ ?
2. <=qi«h<'J| % 3|'$41 R WRT Sl(cii<l
3. oqiq><'Ji ^ 37iq?qq)ai W Iq^qeiii^ sTcTTF^I
4. ^iqn.'Ji gjt f^RpT fsrf^t' RT TT^iM ^iRriqi
□
Self-Learning Material 39
Foundation Course in
Hindi
93T^f^^RT
^TRnTT
❖ "3^^
❖ '‘iTH*!
❖ <xi->jn
♦> fg-^ oq'Jl'll
❖ 3TyT
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❖
❖ qcitNin 3^1^
❖ ST^TTt % <^Rl, <5-«iK'J|_ cfsin eb<^ % "Tfr^l
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■ft 3tf^oq(ctq % HI*>4H f I STH; ft 3'W'^I floil "fl
3T^ 11T^ tqpiql I ^ q'jfHldl ^ "^T 'f t^^Tlf^ "^ncn "t I ^ ^
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ftcfrfi
^ -f ‘ft’ ^ ft"^‘ftrrr’ ■fT3T "tl "fftt 'WR ftiHaci ft ■JRRT ‘fHTT’ ^ d-cqKui ‘l^i’TT’ 'ft
40 Self-Learning Material
^ ^ t ^ ‘37T' ^ ^ ti
■JJf aTTflft 37FRf 71^ 7P<f ^fTTf f I —sTchi<, SflfW, <=hT^'it 3Tf^|(Hi) (‘1^' aftr ‘3Tt’)-f^ Tl' ^ t, ^ ^ ^ ^ t,
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r'i '
Self-Learning Material 41
13ST PF13 7I■3^ *rT^fT3^[' % 71^' % ^ wf] t TF, 5r, 3?, m, n ^
•d'^Kui -gttr ^1 TF j5T 3iT 3PTPT a^^isiifia 37f^ "t! ^creiKn ^ ^7131 ■^, ’’Tj, ■^, 3i ■?3~st>H9l: 7F, 3>. 73 ?T % <s-«jRfi '^j
( ^ ) tiRhsHI oq>jiW—iil««PI oq-jiH cRTi 31^?^ % 5%*! % Pt*^(CTRaa «iici
1■ Foundation Course in
Hindi
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42 Self-Learning Material
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FT (WT),(?^), 9T (?Tt)
f (t^-3t2_ft'-'^T 3TR^ '^T^ oqvJli ^-e^si ■'J^ f^Ran 1 3T
FR-(?) WT ■^n (3T) FRITTfeZIT^ 3Tr?Jf^Slrf^-TT^ TT^T] 3tr^ iT' ^ 3T%^ e^'jR-'J^ Intncl “^l
fewyi im ti'3-cqKUi
Self-Learning Material 43
ft-(l) + ^ % R^(o4l oq'31'1 + T % '3^) ^31?!? f^Rl % ■’T^^Ttl) 3TTrf ^ ?T^ 1S^ %
if ^ t, ^—^•^ira '3H*^i«
31=T!T
■RFR
(2) rTZfT 3R?!I lTS?fW ?R? %'5?^——(■R5TS 31R1H) oqv^ii tT«ITo^'JI'l <H<it‘ll
(i) oir*FT ^^-■RrT RPil
(ii) oJfsfT <i<j)*i-'
^mH-^-cssI elir fn<gii -^iley, '»l®if^ ■^TjR-'^nTPTf ^ 3?^j|-^cim
Rrnaii -cIlfBHI ■?HnT ^ ■'TcfT cRTl^ % ’’R 3T^ 'JraH oleIRntI (Logical stress) ^
^if^y,! 3lTj^ fH fwffl ^ ^ ^PT ffl oM'J!'i-?i’4i‘i ^ ♦il'iil ■^(l5<<l %
1^, ■^jpRTT (■3Rn) if sTsfsrtjn sfciMir '^riti
Foundation Course in
Hindi
3T^
TTR!?
(^^), ■3cT3T (^^), ’leftft (■'Icrff)!^PWT
3T^ (Syllable)
% dTrqK>Ji-i|qi5 ■^' 11^ 3181^ oq-jR -M!. ^ 'i->=^Ra <as cRTT■pftlT ^ t "3^ 3T^ tl ‘3TOT' ^ ^ rn Fm ^ tl
31^ % ^oqn; Pi*^RiRaa 3RiR
1. "^^cR2. -^ + oJj^, 3^1
3. ciiv^iq + —3, T3T, '?TI
4. oqMj^ + + oq^q, ■RTTl
5. oq'Jiq + oti'311 + —^PTT, "^l
6. oq-nH + oiiMiri + oijvjn + —"^l
7. oq'Jiq + ^isR + + oquq, —"RTRI
8. + 04'*)*1 + oti-jiri, —37^1
, ^—’aqf’, 31T-3ltl
1.5 3T^ fq^i'Jii ■^JT
^ oZTjR ^ ^ ^ 37?R-fW87RPf ^ t, % ?H f-
■m-i31T-3it
3H^1ir<Hq) (i^)%-i31'fq, R-in-cIT-7
sn-iR■^g^-oJTjR
44 SelfiLearning Material
3T (^) T^im37^
OH^JlI-oqMIf
1.6 siwiyia
MR*Him-‘Rh<il ■*)■ 3T%R "'R oRT ■^JTcIT "f, "3^
-S'c^K'Ji ■§, 3Tsf^tiT^ Hgcq ■fl 37^^ 37Tf^ ^W37t ■^, 1^RT
«(<niN)a % ctiKui STsf ^TTcfT f, ^ 1%^ 'if •'^'l
riu^ufl-'^ ¥5^ oij'Jli % ^TT^Tfr^ 37TcIT ft ^ ^TSR'0*4Tt>fl ^ ^ t, 3^ ^ cOwI^d 3m 375R % RISI tl ■zrj^ “gfRfTSIRT 137T ^ d'Hehl ^t’EfffRT STeW^ tl
oh’mI'I + oqiR
^ +Wft
^tvlyf amr ^ ftfi t ^ ^’i ^ ?I5^' %
WMa
—Rn
RfRT TR ^= oq'Ji't + oqMin
= ■^-oEimI'I + oq-Jf-l SW, 37T9R,
^ mPTt ■'R
RtRT ^ 3RR
= oH'JI'l-eq'Jll
= '=4'J|'i + oqvJii + oq'Ji'1 -mroM-Jid «Rn «mn
+ 37iff
R5^-RtRT -^R Tm
= - o^'fll + o^Mii nRHchi ft ;
= <r«1< - 'STRf + oqvjn + 04j>ji'i
H5cil «*i'Jl'1 ftfT t 3lk
ff^ 37^ % RT?T ^ ^ tl= OH'Jl'l + - Odjvfli 37W ^ oq-Jli
«(cii>Hid % Ri*^Rif<gd ■gTsZT RR t—
1. T^qireR % qcii«ma ffit "'R ftfT t ‘w’, I2. k.'^)llq<»> 37^ '^' Trf^ 37^ ft ft fftc^ (STRtJR % ’’J^) 37^
fT ftfl t, ^-Rfr, 37-iTftrmi
37^7%
Tt ‘RfMR 372^1 f-qr'f^’ 37^1 ft ft
37^ fT TffT t, —<*ci5, q<^d: (f^-'g-f:)
3. #I 37^ Tf -qlf -17^27 37^ ^ ft ft RffMf 'fRt RT TrlfTI R-RT-fn,
^-■^-fT, R-RT-f*JI
4. RTOR^f
fR tfffqflMf
RfTTRTR ?r«? fRT RT ^^ RR^T t ■=^-
Rtff % Rtff ^ ^RRII (3785ff^37tT%^%f^TTlff t)
Rtff %Rtff git flit ^RRn (372rfcl,f^37kf^fffi7tff f?t)
Rtff % Rtff ■^n^'^RTRI (ST^rff^ffiRt 3^7 '#51 tf fft %)
Rtff % %f ^ ^ RRTI (37fff_f^ EFTfJTRT, RRI fft)
Self-Learning Material 45 '
Foundation Course in/Hindi
% «IT^ srnft ■§! [qci5>ci ^ ^hIh STTcft
f ■^'5^ ^^<<1 37^ ■^' fq^W,■gr^qt^ % TT^q '91®^ % qtq STF’TtTT fq<,iH 37^ ^ 37^ %STc^TcR T?tIT "tl^ ^ -q^ 3# t ^ "q^ ^ ^ 3=R^ WT 3fk fScft^
ftr?n qfj ^ ^ 1^ tifra^ "q^, “siq^ ■qiA ^i
qcT '5)q7 ^iT^ "^iTm ^ l^sqfir «idNiti 3^k i\ ^ ti ^ ^ ^ %
^I'l) "qr ■^cTMcT ^ttT "t, '5i«(f4i ^‘H >i<s^l «<cii^ia qi^ ^ qr ^oi "ti«♦>!<«!
r'i‘^RiR3a <}qi5<»i\ ^r<ay.—
Lftor = qqT7R^q^«ft +qq1^ ^ "^T^i
2. qq H-i'+ii ■^ %> qq oR qqqiT %TI■f^THT-^nTT^ ^ W ^ ^ tl 37571 ^^t—(•3;) Tjirf 1%i3; Tjnf fqrm, ^T tl(■73') 3i<rMRi7rq-qf ■^rqq % 5?^ 7717^ % fqnq qq ^1d+ f 37?q t^nq qq
3P?rq^ti ^^qfq-fq^q qft -m[s»i4I Finc^i q?t citq qq^ R«iRim1^ f^<a<ni^ H^dl ■§—(1)
37Tfl^-f7«7i%—q^ <jirtjKTfT-'yf*<7l % 37?! ^ qj?^ "t ^^ql^-Pq^lq % % PlP^rlPctie^i aTqqr 37f«i '^qn ■st^^q^r, ■3^qR’q-'?qn qqi f i (2) —■3«qR’q-3rf^qT ^q? 37^ ■§ f^RT^ pJicQi % "^qqrrq '^sTH qr qqqft ■§ sftr (3) sqqTt^ fT^fq—■3^qTt’q-37%qT
qq q? 3^ I^RT^ pJic^i -s’c^kui ■^stpt '^qR 37q^ 37^7q-'?qp7 qqi 'H^'^dl ■§!qfqiqr q^ qt Pjtc^i-qfqr qif 37q^ 375HT-'7qB
3-ct4K<J1
qqrqr'q % ‘q’ *qfq q>t q^qR^qqrqR qfq qq> q£q^ q^t'ftqfq q^t 37rT^ ftqfq q?^ qq^ sihc qiq qq? fq^Htqi ^
qqr^ F^qt "t q?" fwRi qpft ■qr^qt sfk FRf "^zqR qq qq> qw 3f^-37q7qT qq7 qft37T qr^ q? qfqTqr, 37qfr^ qr^i
q3itq^nFiT ylsh^^i-^Ptii tqRft qiqq % qqqRqi qq q^‘ qqqftq ^'i 37«ft «qfq-^^ %
qit 3lf*q| if «q1w 5^ % FTq
qqqrcq fq^ fF77-t7qfq '?qqR 3rfuT % f¥qq q? #q if ff 3Tqfi^ if sTirr^ qft ftqfq
<H*q'q qqqRq qfqiqf % qqnrq qfqiqi ti
^q?TT'5^'R^-qfq% if qf^ % 37577R % qqR-'q^ if 37qR sTjqr 'll ^ q? qqR■oi<5iq ^ qffT: 'f I ■^qi^rq % Fq i' ‘37^’ q^f ^ 'll FRTpq q^qq, 3Rqqrqqf 37Tqq4 ?q
qfqr’ Ff^' qrf oZT^q 3R% % %i3; #t qft ^ ^ qji q%T q^i qfT qjT q7i 37^ fi
tqRTf % qqrfqq q^qq q^^ q7 q qiq% qrat qn qqqqrqq?
wpqqft -37R 5^ q^' % ^77^ «#i ^ ^qqfFnFTn
^ ^qf f I qt^o: Tfjqq (Juncture)
1, FRiRq q^qq2. qqqqrqqt
*37^7?’qR ^ q^ ^7siq>< 37T^ ^ ^m\ ^377 qtqq {37Rq^ i) 37^ !
qtqq3. 37Tqq4
46 Self-Learning Material
379/7. •1.8 ^
(^) 11-^ ^(•^)
(^),get (^f^)
C^raTit), ■>#f (w)
^ (wt), (%^)^(^),^(^)
3ms\ (37raiT^),-q^ (differ),(^)
srnif (3^7^^), (!«ft?f)
'Sll'jfs ('SIImIo), ^R"si»*fl (M<fl>HI, H<«h<1l)
awn (STM), -qar C^). ^ (t?l5)
.' (wr)
■prar^—srafr sRiHif^n ti ar^ ^"tl snT; 3TW ittn ■§!
g-^
j-i (^)
TiT-"^
9T-^
7 '71*^^
(73) WR
TTH
1. ”*ITO 3»I 37raR cjuf^K^i •fi” giSpT 3;[TTT2. ai^'WK tf^TF ^^iil^eri if f^'^ai =f)lPjtt<l
3. ^ fii[crt«w qn9*<l
4. ’arw’ ^ 3T^ 37t
t?
S(ttmi
□
Self-Learning Material 47
Foundation Course in Hindi
10
❖
❖ ■>ra % "HnTRT
❖ "3^
❖ Tra TTO,
❖ ■’ra % cfS!IT ■’ra ^jehciH ^
❖ tri ^ TT^
❖ Tra ^ -^wn ^❖ 'nn-l^renn % ^ ■ftHi
1.1 "i^filebl
T|Xr ctifqq'l rT2TT (^04^ ^ f' 3^ liq-t? w ^ ^1 Mfoil ^ |q=h(^ ^ ^^T«f% 37f^ fmi tl ^iTS^T aq^T^FR, TR, an^ % ■It' % 1^ fMf9F! ^ ^ ■§, iT?I-T^3I <rl<aeh <^0'^ ftfIT 'll iT?I ■^' <^<a«h «>Hl«ft<.'J| ^ ^ %RTT
^ tl ^ ife tft ^ ’ra ^ <)ifguj R7^ tl
1.2 7RI
iftRT <«rqai % 'Ftf <HiHirji«t>,<i'fl^ia=h, oqiqtufqcti W aTRRf|[t^ q>l4thlcrl IRI tllltr^ ^ai|'qi4 % ira hR'HI'^I ^ t—
"■^ ITU ^fqqi ^-(acbl 4>^1(i1 t ^ "nU ■Rltt^ Sh«l1iil tl ^ 'U^T ^ fq'hi+i 't arf^ ^*--Hq ttcT tl ^tiRik, ITU% (q4q=h aqi5T^4 % f^T^RT
^ tr‘iTU qiqi'ii qqpTt’ fU >iHiui 1*rT^ ^ Pjia'ii hR'^ci, Mi'Jid atr
nRIilgti ■’TU't RTcTtTT t, ■'TU't ^1■nu vrrm ^ ‘TT^ sirg ^ ^ t 3t4 ^ t—^ 'RT^rq-^ %
srguTT ■qqtRtfiq iTU%’ aTqtc^f^-«Ri-'^ Tq^TT iTu tl ^icqr<i?f ti arguR ‘arqi^; qq ■uqrtt 7TU%’ arqf^'qq •^' m-'m arrl^ % Rpt4 qrq qrr q tHr itu ti aTM’t’TTuqrt tl TTTjjT qft qRqrqT ^ ^ qft 'n^ t—‘■^, w^4^^■4 v^’ arsqqr #%jf arf^
5ll'1lrH«M «
ttt tl
48 Self-Learning Material
ftCT, ^ T=r STTft^, iTter 3qi^ WTI 3T^ ■^’ iT^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^3?^ ^ Trqr ti ^ ^ ^ 3R^ % 375RR ^ ^ Fre W tl
% ■'TIt^ ^ ^ ^ ■^'"t «t<^T^ RTE^ 'Jllqi■3Fi^ % ■q^' ^ 5IH «(i<r|ep^ ^ 3TM ftcH f I 'WlHiil f^IcHt tllfern
■?RSTg f, 3cpft ■^'1 ^ RRR i!t ■trt ■RT^ ^ tl
■Rlffr^T % ^ ^ ^i?pft, •3H'«iw, 37Tf^ 3r5^ TTM ^ t"!
Tn«2RT i[ 'h^kiti ^Pd^m', dmR'* ■?it^, ^ ^ ’ri ^ ^ ti
eft 51'll, ■^TT^, 37Tf^.«ft ■^■^'T&'^Tt^'t|TI?T%'^ RR^TR IR tfd^ -Jll^ ^
P^^kI ^ STT^-TT^ fl
1.3 trt ^ ■3^
TO % ■HiHi'^ •3^i!!«j tror "t—
TO % WTP^ iTOlfcTfecf "t—
1. ^ ^ qict4i 'It' 'afR^l
2. '^T^ % ^usK cTSIT TT^'^TTOR ^ 1%^TO ^R3TI
3. 3^, fq-clR 13;^ RTT J^lpM ^ fqeftRia ^RTTTI
4. TO % HltiJH ^ 'Hi-e^ffleft [q-qltl ^ ^ ^RHTt
5. ^eni, ;tiHq*ai tT«n ¥4^01 ^R3TI6. '3H-^ f^^'f % IqsM'H ?[RT '^R^TI
7. ■% ’IRT ^ ^R3II
8. ^ TOTcR^ ^.fi'i.JT) % 'R^RR ^ '^TRT ^1
9. t51^ ^ Rf%-'^-cRf, 31Rt5’-37^Ttf, W tq<.iH % RI^-'RfST ctm-i ^ ^TOIT
TO
3^h:
ctRdll10. 3T4^ (Heart) ^ ^ ^^PlferT 'Qi^ jhHq« ^ '^R^ ^ yRcTT
1.4 ^<SM
■5^ ^ >Jlt’Pt’=h 'SrM-d ■^RRI ^811 W[ ^fR <+i<Hl '^PTTl(i) ^iRt* tR^ W 3Rnf?T "S^^RR, 'RfcT, ^RTRT,
44^4 3TO^ 3711^ ^ ,3(r<rl<al(ii) fqe)<J tHJHJjl ^'9tsr-HI<JI^4a >J^<3 fT®tjt, ^ a«r^<g|(iii) RjtJr Rivt^yu'i 3T2rar 3T«f -q^ H<l5dl
(iv) 3Tf^7^rf^-3T^ 4T^', ^ oq'Ki ^R% ^ RR
1.5 ^nr-ITTS 3ftT 3^6*1 4|R
TO-‘'TT^ R "R ■'TT3 ^ f, Pil'l«ti| 3RZR3 ^R^ ^ STO^^RRfT T?^ 'll ‘'TI^3R3RR 3tiq5?<ti^) '^Rn ■§, dichi 'fl 13% 7J^, ctl'+^i^Tl',
I^SiqPl %t%tf%f% %r TOIRT 3^31 f 113% ■?I^ %t ■pro 3RR % 3TWj|i|«p fRfRR ^f%R)t %t 5(^=Kt 3R3r tl 13 3T^' % 3^^ PlHpdUad f—
1.33% ■?T^-3'JSK R 3R3T1
33 1%3iRT 3R3TIHdT
Self-Learning Material 49
2. % ■3^ ^ f?raT ^13. ■’T?! ^ ^iTFni
% ^PcffttW TO ^ ^ t, fsR^ ym 3T«2T^ ^ 37m2?TOT ^■TO «<<S ^ ^l^hl ?l«Q|qcil W^ % nRf^d "tl RcW ^ }^OH jJ^SH
^ % TOT TOI '^-TO % r'l*-tIwR3fi f—
(1) ^ ^TTO ■^‘ Tlf^ ^ ^ 3T1TOT ^TTOTI(2) "3^^ f^-'Sf^ ^ ^ ^ ^TTO ■3TO TOTI(3) WITO ^W=K1 ^ ■'T?^ ^ '^jfT^ ^TOT f^RT^ «iiRIrM«h gn fq^l^
Foundation Course in ', Hindi
■ 1
Tl%l(4) ̂ #T(5) "3^ jilrwiei ^^1y^ it ^ 3TW % y^ ^ ti "^jafiT "qr^' sri tot-to ^ stT^t^ frat t
sfR TOt-'^il^ ^ tl
1.6^1^% rreiP^nr ficnc^-i ^
■qu % "qii ti4)>i'i RiMpiRaci ■§—
^ Mq ST^TOT ^TTOIlqmi
■^nr ^«»>CT*T "Sit Rj’mi^inr% fqqq
(i)RnTOT Tj;^ RRfif^ (1) R(^'^M-e|u|'l|cHet)^ Pq’florH'^, TOTrTO,
(2)
(3) stTcrom(4)
(5) TOT-^
(6) TO
(7) '^ff^
(8) cTfro Rrq^
(9) Rni^aTT
TOi
(3) ^5llR(«h 3R%
(4) Hl^td'ft q^, cft^f 3TTf?
(5) TOTTO ^fW?, ^«7, 9R5I
(6) <Hi(%rq ^c^H,
(7) 3tlrMeh4l Tj;^ 'jTlq-il
(8)
(9) stHht, <r(qT<;q •qlqisrk ^
TO
1.7 ^TST'^ir
1. Riq'c^ qii Hi^H—'W%qiwi"3^ Piq'^qiT R^qi qqi ^1‘f^TO#T’ 3T^ TOT^T^ tl I^T^’'a^^, 5^1, Hiiqlq 37T%qt' aiT 'H'qtq ^<ai=hi
■fror qaTi ajaat, ynq'^ ■yiferqqiK ■’ra faar % arat f.2. 'a?fHt'5jriTr?zw—qu % qi^aq ■% qieiP'iqi an '^ro 1tot qaT ■§! itaa^ ■'ja a>t
TO, ^TO, froif, TO ^TJt H4w!i')I q>5)Piq1i' an to ^ 13IT fi
50 Self-Learning Materia!
3. '3CH7TF'^'*IT82ITr—Tin ^ ^^flcKi ITT*^ "fl iTU 'fllqci 'F'T ■^'.■wyii ^"R^Wjyf ^fn't)! ■§! "3^ SRI 3Mt?r‘'Tt^TT^if^rq '^'R
<5H'<<ra tl 'H^iflHIcT 5RT Tf^ '5'^iq'ICII'n ^ 5RT Tf^ '’JWRft, Tplt, tj4ql<^IKcft SRI ^pTT^ ^ TRI^ 5RT ^ cfSH 3?tt^ 5RT Tf^
■q;^ >»ilqiV 'Hilsrq ^ f i4. '*n3g>^iTT«znT—% Tirm ^ wti
^TR^ % 31^ FTF^fN’ 'lld'hl '4' f^R?T "I ^TT 3T^ '3^, ’TRff ^?fl ^rmlql■5RI?i^ 3Rn^ ^R1 "^l^i STilRRT^ ^ '<3;^ 'tld'*
|F% 3|RiRtw FFTFfT Hy=hlRdl 3^ 33TR Fcf^ ^tl
Piwh4—W tlirgrq, H5|st5|R7TI, sfk 37Rf «TM ^ '^TMR ^ f I 31^ f^*3T3^rf'l Hy«wRdl %5RT'n^% yitqy t^RH ■3IT T?1
37T^ FT ^ f^FTI "tl ^l^ql i^icll^l F^3T3 FTrff fl W ^ii«hl^'l«ti4 % 3F^ FcTT^ f % FTRFRT, FTfHt, ci^e^sqi, ■?%F, FFTTF, FT^ fFTldl^(s«cti^ tl ■ --.
FT^FF tr FU % FFJof 3FFiTFsfR-Fft fRT ttFT FFTI
1. FF FFT STfFFTF fl F^ % FIFT^ FF IfFFF FfPP^I
2. FF ^ Fg^ ftFT3qf FT FFFF ^Slf^l3. FF % FFtF FtT <<giRf)Ci
□
Ss'lf-Learning Materia! 51
Foundation Course in
3T£ZTr2THindi
n
*
❖ TFST^rm ^
❖ TM^fmr % Tr%f\ ^ TFifw❖ 'hP^
❖ TT^HTNI =h<.lii
❖ TFjPTTO %,3r^ ^ IfH '*<l'il
❖ ^ '5Plf% ■^<MI
■).N*l'i| Ticii^ % 1^ ^ itfft 'll 37^ ■?TTR ■^' '^iPn,
3nfKT 3Tsi^ arq^ trhm ti wj ^ Trsf^rmr 11^ ark ^=r1'k1 ti
1.1 '9RT fftT^RT
% ■Jf ^ qK^4l ■% fH<n^ trt‘1^ ■§! 12"^ ^<{1 % ■4Tt<i4 TS ftrli
ti Trg? ^ ^ % n72^'ii'f^ n78-^-Hmiw^
ci<?q1 3<<ni<i^'1 Raci'iH % f<A|ll "3^?% ^
^1 1327 i ^ ^‘ici'ti 3T^ <i'JiilTll ^ ^qp(R ^ ^ ^ 37^ TR^fT?®
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ■JR, ^ ^ ^ Tti
^ % wm?f ^ ■?tt«t--'?tt2| ^ t^ipt i^i‘^^CIHI'I JfM^ieh
■gJM ■STRWf 3l«P<s|< chfqaR
<I'31'HI'^I ^ ST^T ^qigl.ui■ ■>TO3r TRT3?f % ^ ^ jrenr ^i twsft % ^ 37^
37tRT 04=(5K
19^' ■?T^ ^ ^ % 37M W 3t?PRt 1R=^ ■^r 375^ ^ ^ITERSIIT ^\
TRmM
3PT^ Pict^l ^TT 37t^ ^ctK^Kl ^ '^t'l
STTI ^ ypH^ M'cl'IlHI 17^ ^
^ TTWmi 1F^ ^ ^ ^\\
52 Self-Learning Material
TTiPT^ fecTT% ^ '3^1
■^, H^IHli IT^ HHefi^, MflrHI 'HT^lt 3^ ^ %
375^ t 1% TFSrW fp% 14 R7riW7 1949 'f ^ ^TRcT % ^SIH ■^' f^, ^
'5T^ ^ '^1
TPSf^JM
1.2 «if««7iRic« ^4yin
^ mn 120 % 375^ 7777^ ^ ^ Tl' ^ 37M ■^' ^ ti ^7775 ^snRsrfw
^ 37C2Ty ^ TFrZnTm ^ WT^ ^-3^-qigsTHTT T^ ^ ^ ^
3ijhRi% ■wqi^'tl "7777^ fSfRrSro 37^8713'Hq’<7'3 ^'<!t 37^R7 % ■’TT^Itl^'JfT 37^^ Tf
^ (=b4l ^ -w^Mll *7771 210% 37^rF% <l'jqi %'f^^H*l''^?l\'^ ^71^ ST’T^-ST’T^ Tr5?7 %t
TTSf^ TFsnTmrs^f ^f ^ ^ 37M ^ t%^ '^n ti
<l'5q =FT RiqilHSCI Sl<l 37^7TZTT 3^7^^ 3 ^ 7^ 15 ^ 37%^ % 37%7^ ^f
W ^ ^ ^T%tit|
8JTTT 343—^ ^ TR^ 3fk #Tt sfk 3^' ^ 37%f ^
^i WT%h!7 5WR%' % aTJToff W ^ 3n%T 15 ^ %t 37%«r 3^ t%^ ^
Tt^l ■'777^ <I§JhRi 37^ % %TPT 1%^' ?in7%t^ 3F^R%' % 37%tit % ■^n^I ^ITTI ^
3P%T 37^7^73.^ '7T%3TI 333 15^^ 373n7 % ■’73313^1%^ 5RT 3#3ft ^TPTT ^ 37'^3313^
37%I 3)1 3T%3 t%%t 3I%3T3t % f^TTJ 333^ 3)7 ■77%3tl
OTTT 344—^ Tifqqii % 3T7^ ^ 5 3^ 3)t 7731^3 37 7r^[3f3 37Rl3 'iRi^l ^%n f%733
3^ jfT^ 3T3ft 3f%31 % 37^7717 TT^^Rf 3)7 f773)Tf^ 37^ f% 1%3'^11773^'5f3R3y % Rtii 1%^
377 3%3 37f3377f3371%37 '37 773737 "tl SHil-jfl ^7131 % 37%3 37 337 f3%3 ^ 77q)ti ■§, '^773737%
3|fTT7337^33 ^ 373ft t%7T 3737 377 337 73373 '33137 Tt^, 3%33f % 373)t 37T '373 '337
%t 77373737 37337 773 3ft7 'f%7ft 7733 % %t 3737 373371337 7733 37^7 % #3 33
377f3 3ft 3737 % 31^ ■^r 337 11773 ^1
qTTT 346—773 5177 37r3^ 3737137 7r33 sfk ^ 7733 % %3 ■c7’ 33T f%77t 77^ 3ft7 773 3ft
■7773)77 % %3 33 3)t 77^33737 ^t^tl ■3f3 %f^ 7733 37737 fw^ 3737 %7 7%3)R 37^ 37 '377 3737 357
<r%3 ^737 33 77%37l
S777T 351 % 373pf3 '3? f3^ f337 337 'f f% 773 '377 '35 chtf^ 3t37 f% 331%^ 3737 377 '37717
3^ '3773)7 f33)777 37^ 37f% '35 3773 3)t ^l3lRl«h TTTfTRf % 77^ '31% 3>t 37f3c3f%7 377
77^33 77%!
..3 %? mmVi '5it y^iln
26 '»liq<l 1950 3)7 77f3373 cTT^ 337 sfk 377^ '35 <=*13731 '3^ ■!% f5%t %t 1965 337
7373737 % 33 37 37777t3 ^ ^ ■5rr%3l 1955 '^' '35 377^ '377^ ^37 '337 % 37337 % 733
ir3-'S735R '^' 3?f7773)t3 R^ItT, '3737%, 7777^ 'f%%77, 7T737f7t 77f33%. 3577731%, 37377?^
3777 37377f3% % 35T% % '3%37 %7 3%% ■% '733 3^737 3711
Self-Learning Material 53
7T^3mmT317^7tTT1955^ srram % ■5152? "pTR ^ t—
w t, «nT?i ^ ^ ti
2. ^ ^ "SH cj^ mn % f^2?f ^ ^ ^ ^ ^3. ^TTT'T % 3raiT7pT 'srfti'+'-'^-a^kl^ 'SRiTkr^ '^14. yfd^lRidi ■y^^fiarf ^ ''3^ aiPiqi^ tw ^stt^i
■ 5, y^IRlfd'^ 4>4‘dlR4) ^ Rif^qo % 37^ ^ ^TPT ^ ^inl '^if^l ar^T^I
q>4'qiR4i
gfi-TRWm’(Tfilfw % 1959
37T% ^ RiLhiRs^i Rn=i sft—
1 ■5R cT^ qi^qiO f|’41 ^ "^H ^ ^ "4 ^|4 eh<^ T^l
2. 1965 ^ ^ fNt W7 «TM' it 5^ 37^ ^ ^ fSin ^1
371^1960
37T^ ^ ■sni kFT €—1. c^4-diR4i’ ^ "sa 45 ^ ^ t ^ 3#rgr42. ^^nPidi ddiHl+l ^i«;iq<4i %> Rt'jfq % <^i4l aaita t^uRra ■'jfRi3. iqiui) afk an^RnlHqi^i (5'<1 ^)Ff yRn^ui ^ ©qq^i ^ 'nm.l
4. Trm ^ ^ a#? ^ ^ % wehul TRsnari' 4t waci^
- Foundaiion Course in
Hindi
^1
5. aTfef^ arrita '^ait' ■4' aril % %tt art^ ^ mm 3#3ft ^ t# 3:^ ^ 7m
ark 37^ sTT^r^i^ •qmTaTt' a ^ ^ ^16. <N*M ■4 1i^ % j7*i;41 ■yit'T % %t^ 'j^^qiciq ql'si'ii
TTsnwi^nT^ 1976
"taR "^l
TRaiai % 377^’, ^ Rl'+ilR^4 afk TR^M 37k#RRT %
^ q^iqtPqn T^iRTc^ ^TRTI ^7<qiK 71? nqiciq "^klT ^RIT f^RT^i 37^1? i.R'Hi'-
375«7Fr ^ ^1 ^ ^ 37387FT TT^mm f^wi it mii
1976 % MV^Htl^Trsr^m f^mTT^giT4
f^am ^ 34t "4 "Tm-WT ar Ri^ ^ t, fwt ^ 3n?m ^4 ^ ^-kr^i f^^t,^5?i4faT^it%ti
1^aR ilfd'l41i^ % TRarar % ^ 4 ■^rktrR f^^TRT % q»l4stiH Rl^iRo ’^RcT i, 14h
Sfiftlld ■<S'4-^I'0 fi^ ■JlikT ?kl, Iqid^ ai^^, an^RripHqii' ^ ilf^lfecT f^Rn
% Trit 4qi<n4t, Pi^?iiciqX fkarit, Tiikr^ 4^4, ^hRi41 a^q <H<qiK
54 Self-Learning Material
^ '^1^ ^ f«ft<1l 'fliy., il^H
srk aii^lcipH ^ iiRi4lPmii< ^ ■^jmi Tnsnw % %q; ^iT%
il'd'Ht'^l [q'Hi*i l^lSr^l ■^t^m % ST^Ftd qiiyiij, -qcimi 'll f?T% f^ irt^ ■'TT^^rai^ '3T^?I, Sqlul 3^k ■^r? THJ; 'll ^iP^rq 37«rfcI_^T;1^ a^flrfwtf, fr^, pqpiqnl 37if^ ^3i^qR H^iciq ^ fqsiiq] ^ TfT 'tl i)!?)i<Hpiq> ^^ciT, ■qq-il'S^t, fWTt’, ''^PFTf 3Trf^ ^
375^ SIT 3R ■STf 3T5^? '^TTTfT f IiTRJT % SRFhr Pi^iieiq %lf^ d=f>di<^1 JifKIdPrl^l’ ^ Pr*ri'u'! a^fr
^^TRPT, fq?q|qs4icn<ii % 3T^ fqqql ^ yqiRn, fq^ml ■^?r?if Pinfui,
w<1d ^ '^f ^{jqiq, 3if6't{l PinUi ^rqiR f^^'^RTT'tl
1,4 tj'Ji'Him "^fir
• Tpsnji^
t
<i'Ji'Hiqi 1%^ ^ 'Hfq'>H ■3'j^<n fl ■^' ^Jnf ^ 3T^f% ^ T^ f Ixqcli^ Tor'll Wcf -HH^I sffr ^!T{ft fl ^Phl tlfHMH'^'^
3TSI ti «nf^' ^ «it ^rrma^f ^^srk
qip^ij, pJI^^ ^Kal<il ■^f '3^' % "Slfd ^ ■?r^ 'It’lTIrHJ*t»4—11^ ^ Tf % %TT 3T2r^ WH ^ 3¥^^^dl tl ftr^,
Pq^iid 3^k iilellPiqQ ^ 'l^ d'h'ilebi 71^' ^ Sn^qii; n^Hiq^qq) ■§! % '5rfd
^ TT^' % TJ^flFf ^ ^ •?mr<T ^ TFTW1^ ^ ^ STf?:^ ^
'H<q5lt1 ^4qiR4l' '4' elRfOl ^iT% '^R "gRit "^ifl^l'lin<i4l, Npiql^flnisit «‘4cid^ SRI ^T^-'SRIR '^iff^l
W=T
1. TTST^fM % ^fdlRT ^ 3?gFcT qi<l§iJl
2. <i'Jt'Hiqi ^ ■RTf^^iPjsh Pf^dfd ■'R JJqiii'i siRrHJ.1
3. TR’^NT % 3Rjtn ^ 3RTf% ^ ^^aiPhfl q^P^ii.!
□
■' Self-Learning Material 55
Foundation Course in
Hindi 3TSSrT?T
12
A
❖ ^ ^iqVqcftflT
❖ ■?T^ ■^' sfh: HTl'^i'Cl ^PH-Sl
❖ TIllW^ST^cmt
❖ <l5‘'Hmi ^ mR^’4
❖ ^hPTT
❖ ■RtT^ "tt'
irg % WTT^ "^R tl ^ ^ Pq^^fl 3^ ■^TTSTTTt
#^t(^ ■§ Pfl<H=6l cZRfR
tm ti Tf^mi ^ ^ m\ ti ^nmV4)l^ ■^n^I ■5PM«IRnT ^ H<‘-H<||<. Tfcff 'f 1
1.1 <l^'M|t(l ^IcIijRIcbtTT
Ti^sfmi ^ 31^ ^ % %tt; sm■fi "3^^ ^rrat sffr f^qiPi ■§ ^ % qii<^ sr^rar ■«'R^fd^l|,<*ini ^fllR ^ ^qicill 3R^ <H^"ici ^ ^ ^'ci^ws, 3T^fta[iT, TFRT, 'FH,
^ 'JllHI'l ^rqifql
1,2 r^*T^ "aFiT '(i^'HiMi (qctjifl
"nraf ^ 31^ % 1552'^ Is'^^imI ^ SiRaci «iti i860
% Wl 186913;5) H^lcJl R<&!1 # % *i<l^ TIS’TM 'lH«h
S?R3 % ^ t 3^ ’TT^ ^ t) 1878^'
‘«iM<;^i'i’ 'tiMqi ■^' 73;^ ^33 if 1%^ p5*iiqa "^l
56 Se/f-Learning Material
3TnJ -^rTTFir % aiw ■^trt <HiIerq t^niri %
3;TT^«TM ^ ^T^fr’=RT ^^ll-lRl ^ ITPT^ ^1 ■d'^'i'^ ^ TI^ ■W'(?'H 3RH
%^l qiwrq«h ■H^IH'* ■QTTt «IT ‘•Hl<d"'?4 % WTt
■^' # 37% %t •qRR ^ t, ■3%’ Tr^ W %t t ^r%‘ ^ ^ 37^^ T3°P %t
Iq^l^icil t, % 3<H =til 3r3R 37f% "tl ^7M "tl '^511% ^MT 371^
f% <7<^dl ■! 37k ^ •HKciq^ ^ '?7r3T ^'ftdl "tl
TP^WW
1.3 ■^^Tsfkmr aflT ^T^^rmr■^7i% WPTRI 1885^ k ^1 1909^’lT^'3Tt % 37% '%% T^TM 37k %r^’
1%7k 3%^ f?% ^ 37t7g^ ^R'di'if ^Tf?! % ^ 37R% TfSTT 37%! ^ 37% «Hq5l< ^
1%T% % T'TS %tl %tra % 1925 % ■^iPT^T 37f%?H k MtdN 1371 % %%7
37% ^ k' %f% -^rkiM' % ^ k' %i% wstJ' 3fk ^ '%m ^nrm
37r%% % ^ TTf^ yu^dd ^ %l ^ %%■ % ■n?l %
TTT^SR ^ TT^kf^RT ■%#! 135 ^ % fkniT ‘'kff'R’TIT k 1t% i7R7f% % ■RPTTR ^TRI^lkt
%%t (citnqi T
1864% 37RRra «jdld % %T TP%5 ^TIcT 1% k %r%7 % 1%%% 3R^ ■yn^'l f%ini
271 ‘37%t HI'3'Hiqi %t 5% t%% % ■RTRR ^7M % k 'JiiiqiK. iiiTilq k^^TR
"R^r 'll %T% kkr 19I8 "fo k qxriqiTit %%T % kl ^Ik 37ipr
^7I¥iTf?%k iT^I I929k 3-?% ‘’jHl-nlq ■f%-'^ %t IJC ^5% k f^rlkt '-HSlqdl
k fkkkt -3% 1% f%% %3 k % f%T TT^fi 37RTk f%r kr?5 % k w %t
■^3Tk ki % 37i5n 113; t" ■33% k tfsi^ ■35 ^h^ai 'll
1918 k 53P7R k *71 ‘kn Tf^ k f% % TT^^TRT k ■?73% f
37k kkt %%i 1936 k 37#% k w sn ‘’3737 P^'^wh %r sTik t % Rit %tf ■%
37 Rlk TI53M % fk% 773% ■§!” 3T%% % iliuii k 3% 3^7 35177 k TT^^TRrT.TTeTTTTTTTTTT
7%% 1^ (311% gvjllk 3317% k 3%1 k f3lk-771%' % (%<ai^l ^f^T 3173 1%%
33R 7731, 35171 % 73133137% % k % I 37R 37% k 3t 37% % k 77373k % 737337% IaqR1945 k 3777331^ 3%! k 37f7 37 *■%% % 77g3T37 3373T 3% k, 3F % 7I5373T "tl’1929 "I k Tk <M'?1hiciI3k1 k 5f%337% % f%% 7%% % 77% %l '333)7 33 37 ‘1%% 3773
%7T§3T37 3t ■§%, 3% 3R33r373) 3773 k 77313731 %%! 7R (33137733737^ k 3737 '37% “3337(737
ilk, ^•filPriq) '37 715(3 1(5 k "k^ '3%, (3% 377 3k^ 1^77 xfks'sl 77^33 %("fl 777 77( 'k
7737737% 37^37 37fT 37% k, ‘'%I % (3(%T 37% % (33T(k% % % (%^ 77^^33 skro33?K
cqiHch 337 35737 737f% 377k % 77733 % 373 k (f% 377373^ 't’l
7^ 77%5 3313 377 33 31 "k (%% % ■5r3R, 7153131 % 33R % 775(337 377 IT^T 3% 3P737 'll
773% 3777 ^ir53 % (f% 377 TTfk 3757 ^337 f I 133% 33% k (%% 777(^73 7H*k<rH 3)(if (377% ■37(517% k d(% (3117% ks 'll737337
Self-Learning Material 57
Foundation Course in
Hindi
■5RIN Hr<|4|H % 31^ ‘9ll^U|’ ■^' q|<n^»J| ^ TT^' sffT% 1%| J'O'J't) ■^' % 3{fn ^rqmi^ 3Tk 3711^^ '^Tt^ Ri^dlcil ’STT^ %■aTl^tTf 'tf *j<aRfl f^i^l
Tr*IH^ ^ ’’TH f^Wf *TRcT 7T^ TTgt^ 'Jl'Mfll ^3711%^^iTTTT TFTI 5cni5l«ll'7 ^ % 60 ^ ^ *MI 37^ ?57f?t^ % *77KR ^
TT^t^ 3Hi-qlci'l "iTfWJpf '*jfH«bl ■pHTlfl 37^ hiRT^ ’’71^^37? Hl^, ^t’^T, 77^ % 37W 4i'l<;i'1 37^<'q, (aci^' ^ ^-hO, ^17^ ■^, 'iq'Jilq-l
37r?j4 ^lt=5 ^ fqy.l^f 37k «licif^wi % ■SIctP7 % k’
■Hl'mil f^lHi^lcrtKn Hgl^U ■JRT?^ is^
^rniR; % ^ <^<'^11^ m1m<;i'1 f^l
1.5TTg k' ■577k 37k i^TRt Ti^ ■srf^ ^ ti ^ ^ ^
^7M IIPT 'tf% % Iqai-Tl k krR 37^^ kRif ■§—
l."^ TT^ «<^'yM'* ■^ncTT SRI '^ITcft ^1
2.177^ 37^ ■^Tf7 ^ oHinqi fq^K "^l
3. 'B'Wehl «>4l4i<f'j|'+ ^Rq-ll 'TTT^, TJ5 q^nfw4. ^775f^ 7r«IT 37f^oti>iRl ffl5. ”<4<H«6l I^Tlk ■'jpf sfk ^?flliqi ^16. ^77k 'Jtlqriftl 3^ «<>l)qfl/ ^ 7?!%,^ 3^ IT^Tkft 3<irHtiin ^ fqqH'Hl'^<sl
Ttl7, ^ TT^ ^ TTRfikl^ 37k ^Ipqqi f^TRTTf ^ ‘^rRlkT^ikt ^1
^ «rM37f if ^ t ^RT^f 'J’lT "qT^ ^ f I ^7^?^37W cRM 37R7nt "k ^ ^ tl ^ ^ ^tSR 377^7^ ^HJTg f afk ^ ^
TRf % -^r®^' ^ ^ 37^^ strcTt t f^Rkf ^ ’trti ^ 3Rif<T9fkf ^ ^ ti■qf '33!^ 7%"t % f?^ TT^RTT^ 77^ ^TNI ■^—U^^RRlt, H'7f^, q'licnl, TlftcT, rRT^
^ 3^1 ^ 3H^=W ■§ % TRk "k Rhrt^ 3^
"q^ ^—3kn, 'kqT, «t>«i5n., «7ra ( , 1?rri "qt^ ‘kk’ Ti^Tq "q^ ■§! 37^ "qyt 337m7Tk713 3771^ TT^ ^ ^ t fkf, 1t^, "qr^ 37Tf3 % ^ 37737 37k T|^qr 5Rqf^^ ckl?
(. TT5«7rqr k ^ 37r?R71? 7T?qM ^2.1%^ "qq Tl^qrqi % ^ iqqi]^ ^<aiPqia q>1f^y,l
3. 'wi’NlHdi TkH u^qrqr ^ ^ qfff^i
4. Ti^’qrqi l^gptf ^ 37^71^ fqqffkr f?
a
58 Self-Learning Material
3TS5n^
13
'wt'c^’Tr
❖ ■iTHfa ^ 31T^
❖ "^3^ 3TF?^R , •••
«:♦ 'SI^-^ m aTT^^R
❖ ^ ^PTTn ^ arraR
'i* % ■9Is^ ^T3R sfir^ci 'htl'llX'-'
1.1 ('^ ) dr^fri 3TT£^
('^) a^f?^ ■?ll Riem ^i«;-HSK %
^ 3^, arftg '(Ht^d % ■^f ■aqt^ •'!■' Rrar, fm, %, trt, M, Rr?r, sr^, ai^i,
1. tlr^ 37S!rf?5;3R%c^3Tt^ Riel'llaFT, 3FRd, aMd)|'<, "^RT, H?IWI, FT^, 3Tlf^ "^RfiR %'ll '3«^I5<'J|—atRRiR, 3T8JT, 3TpR, STfdfR, aiffe|Qp, S^fR^iR, aFfht, ST^HW, aF^fPT, 37^, '*l?HPd, 3RTdtR, airaiR, a71R9R^, 3^=#, "TdR, '337, "3^, 31^, '3^^, ai^RRI^, ■^,mrw;, "mi, twr, w<[, ■am, w, ■^, Rfl^, w, ■^, 'ftir, f^ipT,1^^, ■RdIWI "RlpraTcT 37^871 RiRao RTRI ^ «^ei 'RT dcRR ?|6«;iq(nl ^ "aRRl 37f^ ftdT f I RjRdd RTRT ^ di^Ri Rit ^^TT -^Rlcil ‘RT^K^'ld: cir«H 37f^ ^l 3^ f^^RRRPT
^ 377^ 37f^ ^-fW5fP7 ■^’ (TfRR ?|s<;)qci) ^>IR Rrldl)2. '7T^5g^3T8f t‘37T (7R^) ^ 337^’ -RT rd^bPRel; 37«7^ ^ 37^, 3TfiR ^ 37FT,
aiglltTdil 373Rt, 37S 37T3, 37^^ "3^ "3^, STTg ^ 3713, 'hHli ^ Rhqi$,^ ^ Tik, ^ -tIr, ■’J? ^ R7, ^73, kH. 'k
■^, ■^4«w<. ■'^RR, ■0TdT, "^R, ^ W, "dRl,-k RN, ■aar -k RRT, ^ -rTr^ ^m, TifV -k tir, "plf "m ttm, -^rri
-Rd ^ 77^, -RRI. TTRI t -RTdl3. fcJcfyft 71^ 377^, 7fii<41 37lfd y,f?Pfl Rit RTRiaTt ■^, afk aT^idt 3^RTeft aTlfd
^jMr RTRiaTt' ^ tl't’i'41'1. '5^. ■Rtr^, T|ctiH«t), '%RR>, dcriRi, ■^,
■dRTdi, dRtRT, ®rf3^, "Rfr^, "^RR, dFRRT, 'PfRI, ’RTIR, '^TtRl377^'^—ar^IR, arsftR, STRIHR, 37^77, aTedir?, 377R, 37lfe7, aTTRRt, '?RTR, 5'JiciHH, 5'witl,
■fcTR, ^RFf, '35, R?7TTR, 37^3, affTRT, 'di5, RPTM, 37^, f^TRd, RfiRd, Rhain, fRTft, W, ‘^cR, f73dR3, TMcT, f^RR, '5q<H, 'RrRT, '3315, '^IfR, ^137, cIRTR, eil<1<g, 'dfdRR,dTdd^, 'ddT, 'dI57, PqHi'i, ^diH, jpiqi, 'd#dT, RR7, 'ddidT, ‘+)q>l<, fR)5>, 4>'Hcii, 'R^, RTd>t,
7IRPT—TTRnTTIRRUT^
3dl57R
Self-Learning Material 59
4td41, TFT, Rl>M'+il, ^TftTT, '^TTR, '5^,t^jlT, ilVldl, 5dqi^l
%—■an^, arifdi'i’^'jfl, aroFi, 37ttft, stft^, 3TT^ttt, arr^nif, •3*41^, 'sr^, '^^rkr, eTiKlJK. RhilirHJ^I, ^Tcfl, ■^, ■^, <3<l'f, ■^, "nFr, ’’T^, pK'KIK,1^, ■JeTTsT, ■^T^, ■^Idl'^, "^fn, ^3IIT, 'JId'HI, ■^5^, WftT,cMF, ^FTRIT, cTFlTF, cIT3T, %3T, <;<s<K, 1^, 'iiH'Hq, ni-TW, TMHI, ‘'TT^,■^, ■JFT, «nf^, ^tFR, '5^, ®nTS, ■'iwf, WH, 4tr5i, ■qr^, ■^nr, t^,TTF, d'llH, qipH^, r^tlK, TTT^, TPiFTT, TTITT, <H<<^K, FWT, fijfRI
Tipi'll---41411'fliMi'O—fFTR, R'H'IiI■grfnT^—3TT==TTTr, anicinli, MHdi, nK'Jii, ildiH, HHlfii, "'^T^ (4zl), ‘'TT^, 4^, •flic'di,
■'F4T, 3TTcWT4|
Foundation Course in Hindi
—3%3r, ct>K<^o, '5FitTft4fl
T5^—<Ms«d, ql<;qii, T^crf^ar^jsfl’—14^41 4t 4 ■'tft f i
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t^j'i't, anftiTT, =ki4>, ■^14,134^1(4)49F5r(4?4)'^ araj't ST’T^ ‘4?14, arn'^ 41 '51®^
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cTf^, arraro, ^pHtn, «hi«t>i, ^ci41,
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Tsl4dl, J|^*l^, ■^3^, dcl'Rn, (4^14^1, -^detil, Rsssdl, 4^. '3^, ^4^ =t)d=hdHI,
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1,2 ( T§r) tT3^ W 3TTSnT■ROT ■Rt % 3TT«?R RT ?l4f % #T 4^ 1%4 f—^ afk 4fW?l(!) —pJiictil ■R3R TPf^ foRf 4- ^an it, I4^4> afs^PT R il TT«F),
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60 Self-Learning Material
^ -#1^ ^ ^ t, 1^FT^ 372? ^ it WT fl ft^ ^ ^ ^
■q;^it f; ^jHN, Pk^kIi
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fFHI, "Tpff, -^, M,HMHI, Rhcll«l, 'hCIH,
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fw?, Rifi<4H. 3iT^5?R, ■yRiq, w^*jt7r, ■^lit, ^fftTcfriti—^<*<'j|, 'TTirraWn, 3iuj«=h<u|, 'WM, H<l^*ll1,
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□Self-Learning Material 61
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. Self-Learning Material 63
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Self-Learning Material 67
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313Rf^ 3I3T 3ft ^l«liqcilcff373T3T'£f (313fl];3tR31R^) "^rs^ 3ft tt^ T?3t t, 31^ inf?tr337 3RT ^33^
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" ft^ ^ IRt 3i4 ^ 3^ Tli;3T3T tt3T 13f 3^ t?T 3ft 31^ 3T3I3f ^'31^ 35R 3Tt 'fRt 13R^ 1%^ 3T3T31; ^ 3r^ 3ft 3T3T3ff ^ Hf31, 311^ ^ Rnj^ 3nft
tl ltf33R 3ft 3Rr 351 % 313^3 33. f33iRT 3R3 3ft 3T3I3ff ■'^H^lcil stl 3373
UfUT 371% 3)T3I-1, ?nt ■3f ^t ft^ 33 33131 33 1TT3 ftilft 3^ 3ft 3 "tfl
1R11T31 3ft ?T^r3Rt 37t 3f3’3 tRT qif^k. 'Q37 31^ 37T fqf^ie 372f tt, 3^1 33’ ^337 f\■?K ^1 3«33t^, 5313^31 ^tl % 3|3 3K f3R-f3R ^ 'ff 3R it t, ^3^
■33371 31«t t; —fttW, f3$^[37, lRfTR37 ('51^^351), 3>r4WRT, q>4«!inni, q3l4’llal
C3%3rR), §rqifql stl 3IT1R
Wttti
31^
I
% ^'t Hqfqqiql '^T'^ 37T 37tt 13R 3tt tl
68 Self-Learning Material
3T«it ff^ ^isiqiqci] ^ Hl’fq>1=h<u| ^
Wl ^ % 49 WT -qt % 26 37sf
f I ^ ‘hm^> fw^ ^?RT’ f, W5 "5^ ^q)§l g^K*) 3TiTH^ sfk ^Htteh
• STsffW^tlfB^ % Hi’i'^^t.'Ji ^ ci«;iq«n1 % ^ t’l
^ vm W*//7«»?q><“/
otjlehiui
nR’qH ^ ■^SfH f* ‘‘^ ^ f’, f 3Tk '^' ‘gHqil ■^STFH t’^ ^ f' ‘f^r' ^ t’ ^ 3?^' t' ^ ^ Tim t, ‘iiT ^ Tftm ^ mit TiiIqcJMi t’, 'l^rmt a^qil ^ fl’ irri^ nf^qnl 3Tf^ T^ 'll ■JT^, '37^', 'Tl^, ■^' it itm ■§, W3 'mir, TT%, Tiit Titi mm, mmmt, Tm, Tnrsi' it mfi^i ir^', hIo^iktI,Hic5^if^ lit, Hidlk., ■RTmTStt, Hicj^rinniH, ^Id^iKniSTt Him
cf^q tqtlci‘1 % qgqqi T?HH it Tit "tl mtsm I3 "mi 37^ STHim t",—<lldqi (ftfe^), cT^Irnm (d-^fqiiJ,), Iqf^qT (f^f^), IsfqqT Cfef^)l ‘■^7 'itm ■#! ‘itm’ ■^1 ^it^Tgqi mi 'll imt Tfn ‘iTfmr mi Tft mrm t’ ^fi ir^ mr iti #1
^ altr ‘iTr% mi it mri t’ i fiiit mri mr ari ti itit iri mnli.^Ksjiy-i i) im mr q^qqi mi—iTiit mtr nit' 37^ hirt mfi^i liTi
lit itm#rr sTTriT, m3,3^, mrg, sttI^ it^ % 1%^ i litf^ fi strit mt ^ ^ 3f^mi
mi i q)(.fi f—iiitmiiti '^mm, mifmm, ■'mu, itimm mrt^lf^^'mTr ■§37T't',^Icn^i IPT qilgi^iimiif i tTRiii "mri mt
eniteh
tl
37TimTmm lit ■§—ifim, m^mfimT, Mrnmr, fH^fvi'*i, 37fimiiTmt iiti ■mir 'it i'^ f 1 'iit ^Pqq, mwim, ■%^, "fiimm,37Tfi mufipft tl
urm lit tl mu 'jf^iFt str Titf^ trtii; T^m-ir^r sTt^, TRmi"t' ^<3^)1 f ifit-131 mPiRi-^drii ifi mit t,
1?% mt fq-ni lit mrir
f^<4l % Iltl % TFimT i' "mti it fmrn mr 37ml fmi 'mi % ttsu it, n
113 n% ■fill Tis tl min ■i mti oirmn
pHts^ ■Qm'^ii'^%^ mm limt ifi i'jf ■^ t irm mr ■^^mi mm 11% fimn % tin; it ■fiii ■mr fmi n; ti trtr mt mit-i^ iTm3Tt' ■i it lim ■mt Pitii'Ti i,q)'(?'Hfli lit tl ■?!% aTmrm mm ■sn 37Pt t it n% mi lit hfttI stt ■mit ti n fUciRicii mit ■mmr lit ■itmi 'fi^ ■i' iRmtmrm % omurftm im ■i ■^rmti, n-ifimT37t' atr Iqaiciii' % 37STTimt' % niti mt sm^imm ti
Tltt% iHmtmrm ■mt ifmm 113 Tmmrn 3nfm ■^ mi ■^qcT
■It im tl fiR it^mi'gii'i tsmw^ tl
1. 'imrntmrm ■^ mi strh t?2. fi^ % inm 'mi ■i> timn 17 imn ufmii 3. fi^ % iFrmtmrm li 37n?imm h^tti^i
□
Self-Learning Material 69
Foundation Course in Hindi
15
^ ^ ^5^ t, ■# ■^TMT^ 3T^ % ^ aidir*'* 3Tsi ^ W2 ^1 "pT^'37raiR ^ ^ ^ tot T^ ti
ijjf wti ^%^nTm^f3Nr-3t^ ^ •5'1«f>l 3T%i7
*rnT ^t4N,f?J efl^ ^ Tjct «g*ii ^ dlsM
1%^ ■^IT^ •c|l(e'4,t
cj^Pry
Pr^sfi—'Pt^ ^'TiPcrH'^ 37^ Pr^ ^1 3Hti<=Ki 3T®{ ■^’7^ <=^ifjl'<—1. 3pIK
(A)'5^ft^ 37RT
2. SFT-SPt % 'HH11I
(A)'Tnn TRk ^ wn(C) 3TPP^-'l%’Tk ^HT
3.(A) ^ fnini (C) 3TFT--q|^
A.^Tm
(A) ■^'l^
(C) ■^cTTf, sin’ll
5. 37^ th<'ii
(A) '1Met)5<(H)
(C)^ f^'ll'$1l6. 3^^’ -Jf
(A)^^
(C) rch<f4i0 ^ ^ ^ #n7. ■'33’-''^^ ^ '^-'^ ■^iTTTT
(A) '^371 'sffrPTT
(C) •siln'ii
(B) '^^7?n
(B) 3p?[ ■fir (D)^^OT
(B) ^iTTTl(D)"^
(B)^
(D) «7T7IT
(B)^'^tcRT
(D) «tR3T ^
(B)'^#n(D) qK*«(R37pn
(B) ■^517^ sal'll (D)'^ «liMI
pci'll(A) '^ni "^TT^
(B) ^rnr(C)
70 Self-Learning Material
9. 3ft^#TT
(A) #TT'
(C) H10. 'ticiH flV'ii
(A)UMT 3^nT
(C) 3T^ icKstll] 1. "5? ^ 3TnT
(A) qlHK
(C) oTf^ % 1^ dr^«h12. ^ WSI fH4)leHI
(A)
(C)^#n13. %T-^
(A) f^n(B) ^(C) fq<>« ^ ^8T ftrRI
(D) chiH ^'ll
14. '+i«<9l«ll'{l
(A) ^•<=^1 ■^tFT
(C)15. 'nfe ^ ■’T^^TT cl'illl
(A) ^ «>mHK
(C)
(A) ^ % ehKUl =FT^ «h<.'1l
(C) W ’TPHT
17,
(A)' (C) =ti<i ^ ■H=t>n
18, W:-W. ^ ITT^ % ^ ^
(A) qvii;i ^
(C) ■?T5i ■?mpT #n
19. WPTT
(A)T15^fFr
(C) ^ #n20. % 4>'+trl fll.5'11
(A) ^
(C) ^ «ail
(D) ■?PTT#
(B) 3TOH«fcTT Ic;<am
(D)^,'?t^iTP?TT
(B) ■^FTI (D)^ ^ ^
(B) % ^TT*T o^q^K
(D) ^ ^
(B) H5<?<3iqt<; ^ 1^
(D) ^8rft sffr ^rrrt
(B) W ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(D) ^ <K5iqniq><.1l
(B) Pqn^la nRl^lfiq) "'T^ '^IHT
(D) fqq^iai % q>K'J| ^iTTT
(B) WTpft
(D) 3T^*T 'HHNK
(B) iiriqi HRt?R qdqKI ftrH f
(D) ^ 3TOTit sRT f^RT ■'jlTflT t
(B) fq-ni qi<Ti .
(D) ^ ^ Wm
(B) qj^tl
(D) ^ti*^q ^ -Mlqii
Self-Learning Material 71
(A) ^ f^ctici'll
(C)
22. ■'Tc^R ■’T^ ctiHCI ^HNl
(A) ^ 6^ici«h ■^n’T
(C) '5l’H*-M'=( ^Rf
23. 'Tfr^^r’^
Foundation Course in Hindi (B) IK-lvJl ■^IFTT
(D) 'llPwi^ ■3IHT
(B) cITIW -qHr^iK
(D)'^
Chi'll
(A)^
(C) wn IS^ ^ t=TT
24. anq-i "qr^
(B) wn ■’IHT
(D)
(B) fqctiWI
• (D) 1^' ^(A)^-S7^(C) f^cr^xrf
25. W(A) f^TT^ Pichici'il
(C) •SHiqJ'qchfli 3TfV^26, ^ ^*$11
(A) TS^ ■'T^
(C) ^ ^
27. ci'Ilc) WT Pci'll
(A)
(C)
28. ■?T?R?(A) ql<aiq§1
(C) «RT^ % ■*TSZT
29. rncMcmi(A) etH’ll
(C) 1%^ ^
30.(A) I^TTRI 1(C) r^Mlli ^i=hKI ■'7PTT
(B)^fPrr (D) <r»M<'=n§ fPTT
(B) <3fl<l ill'll (D) 37q^ qqiHl
(B) qRsffl 3Trr^ Him
(D) oqi4R ^TTTT
(B) ■JI'*H'Jira ^
(D) ^
(B) ■^nr ^ 7sp3f(D) li'^iciil
(B) ^ifw'h
(D) ilfkicft
1, (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (C) 14. (A) 15. (B) . 16. (D) 17. (C) 18, (C) 19. (A) 20. (B) 21. (C) 22. (C) 23. (D) 24. (C) 25. (A) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (D) 29. (B)
. 30. (C)
□
72 SAf-Learning Material
16
—d)eb1Rki ^ ti ‘■*$i=f^’-?rs^ie^tni 1%^ ^®IT, ’TT ■ER7TT ■ff % ansiR |3TT tl
^ ^ ft ' ' I^5l=t<! 3^ cil«*^IVj % 3Plt^ Tj;^ S'Hiq ITOH ^1
% 3T^ -=1^' ^ ^ t 3Tk ^ % -^SIH ^ ^ ^ ^ tlatr «h5iqn (cTt^tf^) % "5^ 3i^ ■ZTf tRT t %^?ran ^ 3^
tmr t 3tT 3WT ^ ^ 3T«f ttfT t STstfcT^-praTT gm tt 3T^ 3T«f %^ t, TTT^ dl«hll«W "pf T5^ t'st^ 3?’?% ■fM 1%^ 3TS^
STSM' «i^ci ^ tl
37^ oqfVl "^HfqiKui
c^+^rna iTF^TPl?yi—Rh =h5l'=<rt) ^ 3Tf^^ % 37?f 7jT^ tl 37?f
3T«rt ^ TinterilRny.—UI
1.(A) 37W Hid ^SRT(B) fqqj^mi liT ^TN ■3BPTT(C) 3lHiqtJinl I5pf 5RT 37T|InT eqftKI o!|!^4l 1?l t
(D) 1TW qii,’!!2. 371^ ^ ^ sfk^ ^ 1w ^
(A) tqq q^iH ^ q><^ 3tT I5T^ % 37^ onfewql(B) ^(C) %Tff I?m in 37TIT7t I ttll(D) 3717^ f^mr % 17 T?% u# 7^
3. 37?|R)qT 3^7 «|il4|d1! 17 ^N ('5^)(A) diH<qi6 tm
(B) IRIT(C) ^ fTTF f?7T11
qi^Hi
Tsht
(D) Hr^cin 1?537f I>t 37t7 «TTn 1Wm 1^37t‘ -3^4. 37n 7IFTT 371R iHqid'll
(A) ^ tTTT(B) 17 37T1 % 1>^ itt Tin^ IT^ t(C) ^ 1H1 ^ I7t Tim' 177 ten t(D) ^ Tim f7i ^
5. 371^711 ^ 7M 17117(A) im TTi; iiTTTl m in fern t, th tut if imt nfcir imr imr t(B) trl it iti wnf iR
IhH
Self-Learning Material 73
(C) 37^ ^ qcil^T t(D) ^ ^ <Hl^«t>K 'tie'll ’silfsk,
6. 37Ft ^87 ^ WT (^ ^ ^ W)(A) I^RT^
(C) ■'77 «<'^'(7. % Tm ^ ^Rm ^ -trr
(A)^RIRT tqtgi'fl«?rt,
(C) ararar^ ^(D) ■^^TT
8- ■^ fTt Pi'i<n f^RTT ark ^ ^ f^-ci^(A) U? <MT^< ■3cr3??f ■^RTT(B) arf^ ^ ^IcbK ^ ^ 'TPIR'n ^ 'Ti
oFRRr/flTfi'^RT(C) ^3>HK ^1% ^ ■^t3> «ti’(.'11
(D) '3? <9l'=h<9. ^ ^ r?r ^ ^7U ^?
(A) ■RRPTft^ oqfV^ fqq^i ^ '^11711 "t(B) ^ ^ ^ '57?(C) ^ c*7f^ ^ *RT ■^' <MMal "t
(D) ^ r«<'ii$ <H‘T>fli10. ^ ■^ ^,'^3l')«] Tft^?
(A) '71^ aTq^xitl "5^(B) 37^1(C) 5T?^ 3pr t' ^ #Tr(D) ^-■qzm'^
11. ■5F7^ ■^' ^ ^(A) ■=Tm % aTi^T^ #r ^ ^ t(B) 777117 ^RT ■qi^^ ■§, '^'(C) ■f^TTTt % 77RFI 771 7RRT 7RRRT(D) 7Tt% ^ ^ ^ t
12.1^371 ^ ^ ^ ^|ii,'ii(A) ^ ^ ^
(B) ^ ^ ^ 7^, ^ -mr -qt #n(C) 7T^2IT '5^1!(D) ^
13. l)Wd1 TIT^(A) IRT^ cqfcKI ^iRw^iiKnl 171^(B) jcHdl oq(^ TT'TiTTcIT 37T'<T 1)77771(C) IqH<1d 1)7^ •(0) 37^^ ■n# ■=7' ^ ^ #n -I
14.1)«jkl777 17^, 17^ «♦)*«»<n(A) ■31?t IRI17?^(B) 171^71777 Hf ^ <4)*«(CJ
Foundation Course in Hindi
(B) Pi:«i'i (37%777)
(D)
t
K
■=T^ flTRIT "t
I'Tft
37f^ ^ t'
74 Self-Learning Material
(C) ^ f(D) ^TR
15. ^ ^ ^(A) 3?^ ■Rfmm ^ "^T^' 'i[m(B) ^ 37T% ^ ^ ^ i(C) ^ ^ ^ 37T^ % ^ ^ liti ^ -Sn^ t(D) Tiff ^ ^ TR ^ ^ ^
16. T3T^ ^ ^<g«t>< <g<i^'3ii qqcrifll f'(A) ^ 3TOT -q^ i\ t(B) ■^1' -R^r m^R(C) T^ % ■Rsf <a'f<^'jl(D) ^ ^RTT
17. ̂ Tin ^ ^ W(A) STfint nW ^ RRIT W t(B) ^ ■RR^ oq|«Ki nyt ^tcTT ■§■(C) ^ f^Rfli RIR ^ ^ ^^Chl «nw RR^ ■§(D) R^ I>t RTIRR^ li %R cTtn R^ RRfl ^
18. ■J? THR '^ci^<nT Rrt^(A) Rtli cRf RTt^ R RRRT(B) 3^ ch<'fl "I 3TRR "^IRT(C) RRRI(D) nt?R ■sqiRR RRRT
19. RT 3Rn RFT R RIRt ^(A) RT if' Rfq ^ R^' RRRt Rlf^
(B) ^ .RTR R fRcT% RT RT4 Rft RrI t(C) ■aTIRT RITR R RRIRR RR^ fldl^l 'if R^iTR(D) RT^ R^ ^ RR% RTR % tJRR % ^ Rjt 3TTRI
20. R^ TIfRT RTR ^ ?TR(A) fRRT Rft RTR^ RR ■yrfRRRTt ^
(B) ^Rff ^ ^ RJRf RR TRR ^ #R(C) fqcTT % RTR RT RR(D) IrIT % 37RTTR % ^ rI ^ RPTRT
21. R^ ^1 RT 3T^ R^ RH(A) RRR R^ ^TTR RiT ^TtTRT "Rlf^(B) ^R5RH % %R; ^ RT RR RRR RRRTt f(C) ^^ff-fq-^K RRR ^ IrRT^ ^RT't^(D) RR)R rI RT^ RRIR '^-'^ ^ RRR '^RiT RR^
22. RT^f ^ Riq-ll, ■gn "Iri ^TRfTT (A) RTRfRRPT % R^ ^ t (C) TfM RT RR t
23. Rt fRTRT^ Tlf^/# Rf ^(A) l^fR R)<^ RT^ R?r 3TfRR7 ^ R>TRT R^RT ■§■(B) SrfRIi Rt^TRT bIR) R^ T^RT ■§(C) ■RW BtR> R^' t(D) RR Rfll RT ■^RRTR Rt TIRT Rlf^
24. RR RT R^ dfll, RTR TITn 3TRIRtTT (A) R^ 3=[f^ RfiRitR
CT')«ft)/w'Vr
tTRTRfl RiTfTI
RRR ^q?K ITtI ^tutRRR
RiTRTITTRT
qTRRT
RhRT
(B) RRRR ITT RR aTRT ITTI f (D)RRRf ^ «R % anfecT T?l f
(B) RR RiT ^llehll oqlVl
Self-Learning Material 75
(D)(C) ^IVl25. '3Tra ep-ilf^<Hi "4
(A) s)<^§|/^37T^ % thK^i '3?^(B) ■'RFR ■^irn(C) «T>”i1rjiqi 31^ ■^?T f(D) sh-ilPaiqi Tqi<;i ^31^ f
26. sPsqi ■^1, f)% ^ ^jflf^ H5’=ll'l1(A) SPsqi WPTT ^ ^qiq ■^tcTT't(B) ’TPT^ sFPTT itcIT "t(C) "^Tst cR^ ^ ^^Hi-il/^^ 'i1<(c1 ■'7HT <nq'{l(D) ■?f^ ^ ^qcrl ’TFRfT "t
27. ^ ^ TT^ ^ ^(A) ^ TTffW(B) ^ c%nt' % 'Hf%T 3t^ cr? ^ ■^tM "t; ■r;^ 37T^ %
«hic5’1 ■^flcIT "t(C) ^ ■^TFIT
.(D) ■'R ■HIHI'1 MiqU'lT28. ■^TT?^ ■^TR ^ dHwl' df^qi
(A) ^ ^ ^ %■ 373i)^ oqq^K(B) ^'ll-^lni ^(C) 375^^^^ cq(^ ■§(D) «M<1q< 3TW ^ 'iWl^ % WJ: ddfl ■^JFT ^ ^ddl't
29. ^ ^ ’R TRTTf(A) ■SRFTf RBTItT ^ ^RTTT(B) RRfRf(C) 317Rit ■#if ^ q<ql<{l ^TRTl(D) RpTrl ^ 3#|^ oqRtnqli' fnqpqci ^
30. ^mR ^(A) cTTSf Risi-Ji(B) ^ ■^ft^(C)(D) Tf% q^K ■^Tpn '^sntlT t
31. "^
(A) 'Ji<;dl "t(B) ftR ■'^ '=ft^ ^RcIT ■§(C) ^ ^ ^ (Tf 3^ W(D) Hlld^ % ^ fe**id
32. ^ 'Jiqi'll RT^IT(A) ^qid ■'RR R R^RT(B) eft-cd! ^ WT ■^' -3^ f(C) ■^Nr ■^' ft TITR ^ ■^FPTT
(D) ff ^33. ^ 3TPT RTIT iRn# ^ TSt
(A) ^>'6!? ql=t)< XffT(B) ^ STR -qx 73^ -cllf^ij.(C) ^ ^r' 3FT ^ ^ ■3R% ^ Rft STM t
(D) H=M5« 3^ n'lidK aq(?n
Foundation Course in Hindi
t76 Self-Learning Material
34. ^ ^ ■’PTT(A) oqf<W SKI ^(B) ^(C) ^T'S'^ll ^ '^'hH f^TT ^ % SlMIHI ^ «^-4eh •'t(D) ^ ^ ^
35. ^ ^ ^ W (^(A) ^■wlsifll(B) '5^Tt^ 31^ ■^' ^ t
(C) WT(D) "5^ <=^1^ 'Sfk 3#T^ ^ra 37T
36. WIT ^--SfR, 371^ TR^ T3^ ^(A) oql^ ^ ^qtrl «rT(B) ■^-'^ WTT H«3H ^H51<;k1 ^(C) aTKTTt ^ •(D) WT 3^k 3TT^ ^
37. WT(A) Iq^q cIT^ 1(B) ^-o+iV ■^' ^
(C) ̂
^l'=tt)f^^t
qig'ii^ ^rni'lRl)WTnRl
tH^acii46qr^ "t
H^qR Tj;5T ^ ■sfRft ■§ ' ^RTTT q^nj-i t
tHicn 5iH criMfli ■q«a{ tjqcfi "I
q^gf *lt ■^^TTW 'RHI ^3TRIT "f38. ^r?qt ■^<n^ ^ ^g'll
(A) "^T' ^(B) ■^Tf^ ^<-11 qiPek,(C) 3T^ SRT ^ Wf(D) ^ ^ WTT ^ TfcIT f
39. ■^R ^ 7I^/^q«hl ciqi§1 % ^TchHI(A) 3t^ ^ H^qii(B) ^ 7T^ ^ ^TR(C) ^*rR TftfT ■?RM(D) 3T^-^ ^q=h) TRRRB -HH§1il
40. fTsjt % ^ fc^oi^ ^ alfr Tgi% % 37k
(A) 3777^ ^73 fci<giqi< R^TcTt ^7^
(B) RRR oqiHK ^<11■(C) oqq^K ^>7^(D) nldl-lff^ «n^ q'lieft't, f^Rft ^ ^<gi
1. (C)2. (A)3. (D)4. (D) 5. (A)6: (B)7. (C) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (A) 12. (B) 13. (C) 14. (D) !5. (A) 16. (D) 17, (C) 18. (A) 19. (C) 20. (B) 21. (D) 22. (A) 23. (A) 24. (D) 25. (A) 26. (C) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (D) 30. (D) 31. (D) 32. (C) 33. (A) 34. (A) 35. (D) 36. (C) 37. (A) 38. (C) 39. (D) 40. (C)
□
Self-Learning Material 77
Foundation Course in Hindi
17
^ ^ 3rvrT^ ^r' ^ arq^ ^ ^ ^-■^-•^ -^i^'^ tl ^ ^ 13^ ^ ^SR ■5Ft Pef^'lMdl 3TT ^ tl
Pi^yi—^fr^ ?rs? "^sn^ "ti 5*1 =hi c^=w ?is^
T^ i^l fqcfttr^
1. «<pKt ^ ^nr ^f dMifli —
(A)^^
2. SrpiT^ JJiqui % HJ^'ctl
(A) STra^3. Pil'H'ftt 3Tf^ ^
(A)'5RM4. ^—
(A)i^^s.'^ i=«ci "q;^ 3TRg —
(B) ■gR (C) 'iirf^d (D)
c]^ prlfi+l 5lR ^ ■snfR ll —
(B) (C) rjljll^ (D)
qi RI ^ 37M ^—
(C)'n^(B)# (D) W
(C)%• (B) 3T5I^ (D)^^
(D)(B)
6. ■’T^ (q'Jl*l 'ara "dt —(A) HOpJJd
7. «K^in %
(A) ^Shmi4 (C)T33n^
CC)3T%^ (D) Pql^d(B) Siiswa
(B) ^ (C) ^ftcFTre (D)(A) 4iq<H
8. ^ 37^1% ^RfT •>h(«KI
(B) 5ll1Hl''^M
(D)
(A)Rl^
(C) «ideh<l|
9. # fer^ •gTT^ if—(a)'^tbirP^(C) ik-ajf7-(q^'q=h
10. ir^ ^ WT—
(A)^f^11. '^iPfSl sik ^ dMdl—
(B) PwRi-^ql
(D) W<«I51
(C) M (D)(B) 4q<Hmd
(B) (C) SrjkRiT (D)(A) SRlkRil12,'3^ %-TTi^T TW%
(A) (C)1^(B)^13. WT ^ sn^ % iTsq i{ k^TcT f—
(D)^^
78 Self-Learning Material
37% 575^' 7577T w%77
(A) 37^^14. 3#T -ir' 37^' 37N ^ f—
(A) ci^qiPl
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10. IP' lat«|Ri5k1 37717^ ^illqq W^ll
(B) eR^-'I'S
(D) STJTi^re
(B) ^Kl+l
(B) «nsO<
(D)
Self-Learning Material 93
11. 5fPT (A) HpiqiPq
(C) •M'li'i?;12. 3WR ^ '^T=P^ ^ ■^iTRI
■'TC;, ^Tcfl TT*Tl!(A) ^I'l.qi'H
(C)■pITTt *Tra'=l^l
«t>5H ^ ^hIh'I, ^ ^
(A)f^l^
14. ^dl^d IT? ^ ^ 'TO TcRRI
f^nTTT ^TTTT ''TTcT f^cfcia ?=fT ^11
(A)(C)TTTc^
15. Tit WT Tft Tft Tit TTT^I3?^ Ticft tt TT)' '4^, 3TT^ im^ll
(B)^>^tT?TTT
(D)T^
TTrt T ^ T7F? fTT^ aiHaMii, tl
(B) 'Jl'i"1l*T <ni=h<
(D)^>^T?RT
Foundation Course in Hindi
(B)t?m(D)
(B) <I^<;qid
(D)
(B) 3TleTT
(D) eTIcI
(B)^ (D) f^5Kl
(A)T^I«h< •
(QTttrle.'^ ^ Tft it^ 3T^ TTT ^?pft ^
(A)TftTFT(D)(C)3TBT
17. "gt tf? ^ cHHidl ^ gr T^r ■^'
TTggftT ^ Tflt T«T ^ ^ ST^raril
(A) TrapT (O'TtpFfT^
(B) «ii<?i<j5“j| ‘'tql'H’
. (D) ‘tr’3Tg>cTT^ tl
(B) f^idl P«td((D) TOI? ftt^
1t^18. WTf ^ Plddl gii «lici=h
(A) gft^rT?T w
(C) TPT^^Tft 1^ ‘ItTTTT’’ 19. 7W! gw ^ WT tl
^ ^ ^ wij; w? ill
(A)(O^rnft ^
20. ̂ TM •i'dRi art. TR ^-iPd gdi
TTTI-?TT %fTltTftT^T^II
' (A) fT%nt(O'^WT
21, TR^^g^% 3TFH TTf? lit ^g?PT ^ ^ ^TT^ftl
(D) ^4^11-0 ftritt 1i<icii
(B) JHdiH'IKN''! 1t5T
(D)
94 Self-Learning Material
(A)^
(C)22. ^ 3TI^ 3T!?T ^ ^ t
(A) ‘HflHICI
23. ‘'Rft "t q|<;ri(A) TSTt^s? Mr
(C) <Kn^<;24. ^ ^ ftpfe 4cT tl
(A) ^i^Hi
(B)’fh7T(D)^l?T
q»jA^)' ^ d/w'V/’
(B)iW^
(D)^i^ai
(B) sifeh*i'q<;^
(D)'3rT9f^
(B)
(D) ^(C) *nTiT 373raM 25. Tat^Tt ^ ^ ^ fl
(A) ^iiendici (B) Hua'idici(C)
-an^Hiwi
l.(B)2.(C)3.(B)4. (C)5.(B)6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (A) 9. (C)10. (B)n.(B)12. (C)13.(C)14. (D)15.(D) 16. rc) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (D)21. (C) 22. (B) 23. (A) 24. (B) 25. (D)
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Self-Learning Material 95
Foundation Course in Hindi .
243<C1chK
^ ?i^gf ^ t—-^iT "nwi sri ^ ^rariiT
■^IRTT't f^TFT^ ^ 3#I^ 3?T^>^ 3Rit?I '^l ^*TT T?l,
3^ 3TS!j % %T3; qivjjsiq 37Tf^ (‘l^'ll) ct<5 37rWR ch5^ "tl
srrar^ ^!^ic«i^ % ^ ^ a^T^, ^ ^ itht t, ^^n—
■31^ ■gsnfw ^ci'^'l], ■ysK'l, TR?T,
1^ f^TRT?, Chr^oi, qficil, ft^ll
3TrraiR
—"SR 1^ ^ 3T^ "^n ^ ■Q|^ an^ cr ai^sfrat, —
■*!?] '^[T^
'4? •^T<;'il H'iHKd cRR "^l , .. “
‘"g’ <>q'Ji'i ^ 3Trff% ‘ ar^jTRT' a^cT^jR ■fi
i|Ti^—XTT enc^iiij'ii' ^ arTo[f% itcft f, trll^'iar^f
f, ^ *l*i'j) ar?!^ ■gtfH "t; ■?T8?T—'Sfl^-'^Rrai f % 'H*T, ^Iqd-'JlIq'l ^f f I
3TS!RT ^ STsf t t:i:5 ^ 3IM-'5TFrT tl ait?: W
IjgiTF—W arH^<>rq<di sf^ "^jn^ t, ^ wchivi aRriqVR "tl ^ •y^'O
■^-■=Trft^l
?TI^, anf^ TH % |q=t>i<l’ ^ -tjfqti ^
■?rTJr cflmi a(<ri«hK ^trfT f"—TTR! TRT! ■^. ^ '^1
^ Tig? TR? % ^ ^ 3#ioF STsiJ Pi4>d^ t ^ aBg?R im ft
'■9^’ ^ 9I^s| fTjMehl 13TT 'll Tig? 91^ ■^' 13;^? aff^ a^f Rih^ ^ ^ ■^'
a<cv=f!/< f I B^TfTWfJ:
<1^01 f?R-«<l'3i-q'iqKli <^q1t-f<dQi1^<a tJT^I
(1)^, (2)41tT^jRf 91^ gft 37T^f% aftr yc^qi ^ 3?sJ it, tT^ qH=ft; TJ^ it 91^ % ^ aT^f if,
if 9^ aRT^TR ifcTr ii
anciqiK.'ti<4H«h
-■^ ani f, ^ 37T^, arMi5, ai!9^^
i'% ani t—1^ t^!, m, m\ an^ % 3RTm %
96 Self-Learning Material
^ ^ cFT% 37f^T^ yRfi® f^-wl %'i^4)1
f, rJ^ dMHi ^ciefiR ?tcTT "fI
% tldHH<< ^ ^ ^tf dHHI'1 ^tciT "ft sffr ■^SncTT't % ‘dtl^
^ cR dici’chK "tl ^ SFPP^^rtW ^ 't[
TFT, 1W ■?Tt ftmri
Urft^—^ S^ srh ■5WT 1^^, ^ TJrf^ STTNtr ^ tl ITrftTj -gn ais5
•^3T=srttmti
=R% 3/C7«T>/<TT^TTW
TFtrfrrTFTcTT
TFT ^dqi^iui
'MHI'1 qiHd tl
■^4 "^iTS ^ ‘FTfl
STITTfH ^qrf^ % ^11 .
3TTT^ tt^ tl
d^i6'^«l—TftcTT chHd % ^ifT ^jfTcTT t, ^FTd tf.TFT J+^MI '^iTcTT t.
f^-TIcI fern T?cTT tl
Wraj—■F3' (<smA*T) ■^TT^ (
37c=raTTT ttTTT tl
■—%5T%
dH*ill «t(pl=h< 3T8T^ dHHN ^ dH^'4 ^d.!«+)T ITRTT t,' »
) % ■fir t^TaFfldMMJI
^«Tt, tn fTH «in^ ^qn ^^TTTTId^IgTwT
■^*n M■3?$^—jfq dH^«i dHHld fq=T vJiNrl ■^TT^
■3f&^ ^Hci'tiK tf^ tl 'FFTT, •sTTii, ■qpTt, "SITF, 3T*TqT fF%
HqfqqiTil ?ra^ %
yifnHil ( qq )—f^-wl qr^ ^oebi. 'BTTt 3T^ t^TTTt tf TTT^?F %
qTTT^ ^ 3pir qr^ TFTIT tst t, FT q?’ qTTTIF %’, 3T=F qT^ ttcft Fill ^ ^ SF FT ^TT^
Fi?nTTft tl 'FF ■^TT FFTR F)t FTI^ FF IftFI 'FTFI t, TIF flff%FTF 3Hd=bK ttm tl
FF dH^<l t SHHl-l Fil 3TTF1TT tt, FF qF“FT ^llPrlFH 3TdFTR ttFT tl
FTF'3TFRF) tt FTFTT FF FtTI
• FTFcT tl Ff^ Fiff Ff ftfq tFTTTtTI
Trt?—Ftq dH^<l ■afk FWF % TTFFT t^SFTT FW IfTFF Ftt. tt FTFI t
^5FtF t, FT Ftt', F=ft T^ t, FF TT^ 3TFtFTR ttFT tl
FF F!FT FT5 FiT FTjfF (FF^TS) FT^ FFFT'^■fFiFTFTF^, FFFF^Ti'STFTFjR tfFT tl
-iFFFft Ttf FTFFT "tTfil
F^-F^tritf^tTTtll
FiFFnl-FFY
Fit TT®TTFFI Fit FlFt t, FFdWF
FT^tlFTFF)
FFnTToT
dHHH FTTFF
FFTgT^
Self-Learning Material 9T
4^(Jchiniv4)f^—■5R sftr WTH FTTT 3T«I^ 1^ W t "3^ ^
37fi<Jr^ ^ ■^TTfll ^qci ■sh^H SRT 'Sti'i') ^ni't', ’^W^ilfflT^ftftfTrsi^^iR ^ai
Foundation Course in Hindi
tlt 13TT TJ7T11T^ ^1
^ ^ -HtffT -Jf!^!
73^ ^ ^ TT^TTI
Cl4<jpl8 y^H
—'^T^% ■'Iflt^' % <i<^<'J| Tt^ "fI 3R%3> ■£[ 31^3^ 3H(ri«hK % iq«h<rH 'tl
fq«»><rH 3iT "t—
1. <nicil eT^, 3^ ■^’JTI
(A)
: (C)
2. dldl PITPT cTM
^ PITPIl
(B)^T3ra^
(D) 3R)RT
(B)^eiFr(D) hIRici
(A)'33R)
(O'^W
3. IPT 37^ ^ ^'31^
^ ^ ^ ^ 37rli(B) 7^(A)^?!
(C)
4. %T ^«iTPT ^ ^^MK, T^ W ^15^ ST^rfepn 3^1
Tigcil ^ ^ f^'Jicnl ^iT ■'^, ‘jcii«il t^l
(B) WTT
(D) '^F'H'h
(A)'F^
(C)_3^W
5. t t ^ ^\^3IM t Wl t WT ^\
(A) 'FW
(C) 3TfcR3t%r
(3) 3crl<a
(D)tT^
98 Self-Learning Material
6. ̂ ^ TR W^, fMf ^ ^ Tlkl
fN)' IJT ^ <R TR ^
(A)TP^
(C)
7. cti'l'^-eti'icft ff ■?ft
R ^ ^kiw ’R, ■5fT ■qi^ ^TRTI
• (A)
(C) 3RPTf%
8. # ^7<JW ^
«r^ ■^f^PTlft ^ 37^
(A) 7m
(C)wn
•3fC79>/?
(B) MlPnMM
(p)7T«Tra^
3Tf^ra>nn*ii<;q>ai • • • >
(B)?^ -
(D)7m
\
(B)?^
(D)^5nTr9. ^ t%Rt, trI Tjtfir «n^i
{B)'3t$WT
(D)‘3qRi(C)^
10. t tt^cT- Rq ■STSf^ Tpu^l
f^cnai 'q*i<^l ij)Hioi 'SfiR %!
(A)^5W. (B)^c^
{D)Fq^(C) 3fsglf1
11. <i]9t ■^TR t?rq; 8TI f«(f^5i ^H-iHiciii
i\^\\ "qr TRftRT Jgicill
(B) yiPflHH
(D)^^
(A)R^
(C) WIT
li ^qrff ^ ■gw ^i
■#% tT3^, #T -q ^ ^imi
(B)aR^
(D)1W(C)
13, ■RT^ itR ^-ffRT % m\
yin ■45 I'fll't ^^fq, "RT^ "q ©Tsn '^l
(A) ^IRin
(C)^
“\
(B) 'S-Hllcin
(D)
1 Self-Learning Material 99'(1
Foundation Course in Hindi
14. ■3r?T-?JRI ^ '^dci ■'7T,
(B)
' (D)
(A) Hf<di<ig;>'(.
. •- (C) HR«h<
15. 3;>fwa ^ 8ni
^ t ^ ^
■ i;
cRT^ chtldl'^dl chHCI
.{B)f^
(D) 3h^'|Ri
'ST1’(HIC^I
(A) nRchi
(C) <p'4<^)
l.(A)2. ^B)3.(A)4. (C)5,(C)6.(A)7.(D) 8.(B)9.(B) lO.(C) 1 l.(A) 12.(B) 13.(B) 14.(C) I5.(B)
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100 Self-Learning Material
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