aligning bpm and ea
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Sandy Kemsley l www.column2.com l @skemsley
Architecting A Business
Process Environment
Aligning BPM and EA
My History in BPM
l Mid-late 80’s: from satellite imaging to
document imaging to workflow
l Early 90’s: desktop imaging/workflow
product
l Mid-late 90’s: integrate imaging, workflow,
EAI and e-commerce systems
l 2000-1: FileNet (now IBM) BPM evangelist
l 2002-now: process architect and BPM
industry analyst
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My BPM Calling Card
l Column2.com: “a blog about BPM,
Enterprise 2.0 and technology trends in
business”
l Community of up to 3,000/day
l Best known for: l Conference blogging
l Product reviews
l Independent opinions
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Agenda
l What is Enterprise Architecture?
l What is Business Process Management?
l EA-BPM Relationships and Synergies
l Model Types and Interactions
l Using BPMN 2.0 (Business Process Model
and Notation)
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Definitions of EA and BPM
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What is EA?
EA is the process of translating business vision
and strategy into effective organizational change
by creating, communicating and improving the key
requirements, principles and models that describe
the organization’s future state and enable its
evolution.
Gartner
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What Is EA?
1. A formal description of a system, or a
detailed plan of the system at a
component level to guide its
implementation
- OR -
2. The structure of components, their inter-
relationships, and the principles and
guidelines governing their design and
evolution over time
TOGAF
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What Is EA?
An architectural discipline that merges
strategic business and IT objectives with
opportunities for change and governs the
resulting change initiatives
IBM
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EA Defined
l Strategy (evolutionary path) to achieve
desired business future state
l Artefacts for documenting and
communicating strategy
l Many methodologies/frameworks: may be
a process, a taxonomy or a practice
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EA Goals
l Enterprise planning l Describe current and future state of the
structure of an enterprise
l Business-IT alignment l Links between business/technology artefacts
l Business visibility and measurement
l Change-friendly capability delivery l Adaptable and agile for continuous change
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What is BPM?
BPM is a management discipline that treats
processes as assets that directly contribute to
enterprise performance by driving operational
excellence and business process agility.
BPM employs methods, policies, metrics,
management practices and software tools to
continuously optimize the organization’s
processes to improve business performance
against goals and objectives
Gartner
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BPM Defined
l A management discipline for improving
cross-functional business processes
l The methods and technology tools used to
manage and optimize business processes
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BPM Goals
l Efficiency l Automating steps and handoffs
l Integrating systems and data sources
l Compliance l Achieving and proving standardization
l Agility l Changing processes quickly and easily
l Visibility l See what’s happening in a process
Synergies and Benefits
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Overlapping, Not Concentric
EA
• Strategy
• Targets
• Models
BPM
• Models
• Execution
• Metrics
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Linking EA and BPM
l Connect EA strategy and BPM execution
tactics l EA shows what needs to be done to get from
strategy to execution
l BPM is an accelerator that turns EA concepts
into BPM initiatives to facilitate that goal
l Natural synergy from planning to solution
delivery
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Sharing Between EA and BPM:
Participants
l Chief architect
l Business architect
l Process architect
l Each needs to participate in both EA team
and BPM center of excellence (CoE)
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Sharing Between EA and BPM:
Activities
l End-to-end enterprise process modeling
l Conceptual and logical process design
l Establish process standards
l Establish and maintain artefact repository
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Sharing Between EA and BPM:
Key Models
l Process models l Functional flow between people and systems
l Organizational models l Roles, skills, hierarchy
l Data models l Information structures shared by systems
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Sharing Between EA and BPM:
Goals and Performance Indicators
l EA creates targets for business
measurement l Future state models
l Requirements and principles
l BPM feeds back metrics to assess EA
targets l Inform and improve planning with actual
performance data
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EA-BPM Additional Benefits
l EA helps BPM to evolve from a project to a
centre of excellence (CoE) l Widen scope to holistic end-to-end processes
l Sharing of resources, artefacts and repositories
l Encourage governance and standards
l BPM encourages process thinking in EA l Focus on end-to-end processes
l Push for service-oriented architecture
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EA and BPM: Better Together
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From IBM White Paper: “Continuous improvement with BPM and EA Together”
Separation of Concerns
l Scheduling: l Enterprise planning versus solution delivery
l Ongoing activities versus project-specific
l Artefacts: l Suitability for planning versus design
l Shared versus one-way translation versus bi-
directional round-trip
l Usability for different audiences
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Model Types And Interactions
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Horizontal and Vertical Model
Alignment
l Linking process models to other model
types in a taxonomy: l Data
l Organizational
l Security
l Rules
l Events
l Process models: levels and usages
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Copyright Kemsley Design Ltd., 2011 27 From IBM White Paper: “Continuous improvement with BPM and EA Together”
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Interrelated Model Types
l Process models
l Organizational models
l Data models
l Security models
l Event models
l Rules models
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Process
Data
Organization
Security Rules
Events
Linking Process and Data Models
l Process activities require data input/output l Information presented to or gathered from
person
l Data passed to or from automated service
l Process design includes process instance
data model l Subset of enterprise data model
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Linking Process, Organizational
and Security Models
l Process activities require specific skills or
security access levels
l Process activities assigned to roles
l Process activities may use implied
organizational hierarchy
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Linking Process and Rule Models
l Process decisions represent business rules l Branching/routing decisions
l Data validation
l Get/set data values
l Rules can be externalized as decision
services, or inherent in process model
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Linking Process and Event
Models
l Events are external actions (information or
control) that impact that process l Event triggers a process
l Process triggers an event
l Event interrupts or diverts process
l Events increase process responsiveness to
changing conditions
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Event-Driven Process
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Process Model Levels
l EA l Strategy: processes linked to business
motivation and strategies
l BPM l Documentation: implementation-independent
models for as-is/to-be analysis
l Implementation: model-driven design in a BPM
system (BPMS)
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Different Perspectives on Process
Models
l Different modeling tools: l Process modeling in EA tool
l Standalone business process analysis (BPA)
tool
l Visio and other unstructured environments
l Business perspective in BPMS tool
l Technical/design perspective in BPMS tool
l Translations between perspectives and
tools
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Process Models In Practice
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Why BPMN?
l OMG-supported standard
l Support by many tool vendors
l Training and certification programs
l Ongoing enhancements in BPMN 2.0: l Advanced event modeling
l Serialization for model interchange
l Execution semantics
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BPMN: The Rosetta Stone of
Process
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l Enables
communication
between different
audiences: l Business users
l Business analysts
l Technical
implementers
BPMN Is Simple...
l Activity
l Gateway
l Event
l Data
Source: http://bpmb.de/poster
The BPMN 2.0 Problem
l More than 100 elements
l Unlikely to be fully understood by most
experts, much less users
l Unlikely to be fully supported by most
vendors
l Has led to rejection of BPMN in favor of
“simpler” modeling paradigms
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Source: M. zur Muehlen,
Stevens Institute of
Technology
The BPMN 2.0 Solution
l Not everyone needs to learn everything
l Group BPMN elements into sets used by
different personas l Business user
l Business analyst
l Architect/developer
l Each level adds more detail to model
BPMN 2.0 Subclasses
Executable
Analytic
Descriptive
Simple
l Simple: start, end,
task, sequence flow,
AND, OR, subprocess
l Descriptive: add task
types, event types,
swimlanes, message
flows, data objects
l Analytic: full enterprise
architecture modelling
l Executable: complete
set for executable
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What Do Business Users Really
Need?
l Smaller subset of elements (?) l Depends on user skills/aptitude
l Comprehension of BPMN without
necessarily being able to model: l Work with analysts to capture processes
l Review and approve models, with a cheat sheet
or generous annotation
A Hierarchy Of Process Models
l Different perspectives from EA to BPM: l Milestones: major phases
l Handoffs: transitions between roles and organizations
l Decisions: major decision points and exception paths
l Procedures: requirements-level view of process
(zur Muehlen on BEA and DoDAF)
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Summary
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BPM In An EA Context
l Defining BPM and EA
l Synergies l Participants
l Activities
l Models
l Goals
l Model types and interactions
l Process modeling in practice
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Questions?
Sandy Kemsley
Kemsley Design Ltd.
email: sandy@kemsleydesign.com
blog: www.column2.com
twitter: @skemsley
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