american literature: romanticism
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American Romantic PeriodTranscendentalism and Dark Romanticism
Romantic Period
The American Romantic
period, which lasted
from about 1820-1860,
was a movement where
literature focused on
intuition, imagination,
and individualism.
Romantic Period
Characteristics:
Imagination
Individuality
Nature as a source of spirituality
Looking to the past for wisdom
Seeing the common man as a
hero
Romantic Period
Washington Irving
Biography
Works
Style
Washington Irving
Washington Irving was the first
American author who found
success both in Europe and in
America.
Washington Irving
Biography: Born April 3, 1783; Grows up in Manhattan, New
York; Moves to Tarrytown, New York
(at the age of 15); Goes to Europe (at the age of
17); Meets Sir Walter Scott.
Washington Irving
Works: The Sketch Book
'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow' and 'Rip Van Winkle;
Tales of a Traveler'The Devil and Tom Walker;‘
Washington Irving had a great
sense of humor, which
transcended into his writings.
Washington Irving
Style: Imagery
using words to create a picture in the reader's mind to create long descriptions of the American landscape
Modern short story; Irony
saying the opposite of what you really mean
Question Time
1. Romanticism started in:
a. England
b. United States
c. Germany
d. Italy
Question Time
2. It is a characteristic of the American
Romantic period:
a. A trickster god interferes
b. Symbolism
c. Imagination
d. Worlds are created
Question Time
3. He is known as the father of American
literature:
a. Rip Van Winkle
b. Washington Irving
c. Henry David Thoreau
d. Walt Whitman
Question Time
4. Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book
contains his most well-known story:
a. Tales of a Traveler
b. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
c. The Devil and Tom Walker
d. The Scarlet Letter
Question Time
5. It's the story of the superstitious Ichabod
Crane's attempts to win over the fair Katrina,
and how he is scared away by a Headless
Horseman.
a. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
b. The Devil and Tom Walker
c. The Scarlet Letter
d. Rip Van Winkle
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism was an
American literary and
philosophical movement that
lasted from the 1820s to the
1850s.
Transcendentalism
Beliefs:
The 'Eternal One'
Every individual carries the
universe within himself and is
entitled to his own personal
relationship with spirituality.
Transcendentalism
Beliefs:
Intuitive Thought
Intuition should have
precedence over conscious
thought. Intuition is the most
fundamental form of
knowledge.
Transcendentalism
Beliefs:
Imagination
Imagination allows a person to
transcend himself, to consider
things anew.
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism encouraged
man to look closely at the world,
to look closely at himself, and to
be radically honest about what he
sees.
Transcendentalism
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Walt Whitman
Emily Dickinson
Ralph Waldo Emerson
‘Self-Reliance’
Individualism
Every thought and action
should be independent and
authentic. Individuals must be
free to pursue their personal
goals and desires.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
‘Self-Reliance’
Nonconformity
People must think for
themselves and resist the
pressure to conform to
prevailing ideas or practices.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
‘Self-Reliance’
Intuition
Intuition is the most
fundamental form of
knowledge. Intuition is direct
knowledge; all other
knowledge is secondhand.
Henry David Thoreau
‘Civil Disobedience’
Henry David Thoreau's essay Civil
Disobedience, published in 1849, has
influenced civil rights leaders from
President John F. Kennedy to Gandhi to
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Henry David Thoreau
‘Civil Disobedience’
He encouraged Americans to avoid
supporting immoral government
spending by not paying taxes, even
if that action landed them in jail.
Emily Dickinson
19th-century American poet;
Wrote over 1,000 poems;
Focused on death, immortality
and nature;
Her poems rarely had titles.
Question Time
1. It is a movement, a reaction against 18th-
century rationalism:
a. Modernism
b. Puritan Writing
c. Realism
d. Transcendentalism
Question Time
2. Transcendentalist doctrines found their
greatest literary advocates in _____ and
Thoreau.
a. Jefferson
b. Emerson
c. Freneau
d. Smith
Question Time
3. Transcendentalists recognized ______ as
the “highest power of the soul”.
a. intuition
b. logic
c. the senses
d. thinking
Question Time
4. Famous female transcendentalist:
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Emily Dickinson
c. Sylvia Plath
d. Mary Jane Watson
Question Time
5. Thoreau’s greatest essay that has
influenced civil rights leaders around the
world:
a. Everything You Need
b. Creation and Truth
c. Civil Disobedience
d. Patience
Dark Romanticism
American Renaissance Explosion of uniquely
American literature 1840-1860 American literary
masterpieces Subgenres: the Dark
Romantics and the Transcendentalists.
Dark Romanticism
Characteristics:
Lots of creepy symbols
Horrific themes
Psychological effects of guilt
and sin
Dark Romanticism
Characteristics:
Symbols
A symbol is
something that
represents
something
else.
Dark Romanticism
Edgar Allan Poe's poem
‘The Raven’
In that poem, the raven
is a symbol for death
and hopelessness as it
sits and watches the
narrator, who is slowly
going mad.
Dark Romanticism
Characteristics:
Horrific Themes
A story's theme is a statement that
the text seems to making about the
subject.
• the struggles of human nature
• surroundings could be filled
with evil
Dark Romanticism
Characteristics:
Psychological effects of
guilt and sin
Dark Romanticism
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The
Scarlet Letter
Hawthorne tells the story of a
minister whose affair with a
married woman sends him into
a guilt-ridden self-punishment,
and ultimately death.
Dark Romanticism
The result of Dark Romantics is a
collection of short stories,
poems, and novels that forced
Americans to see that evil was
lurking in us all.
Question Time
1. Movement that started during the last
years of the American Romantic Period:
a. Realism
b. Transcendentalism
c. Dark Romanticism
d. Modernism
Question Time
2. It is not a characteristic of Dark
Romanticism:
a. Lots of Creepy Symbols
b. Imagination
c. Horrific Themes
d. Psychological Effects
Question Time
3. During the Romanticism, __________ and
_______ were two strong subgenres:
a. Thinkers and Believers
b. Transcendentalism and Realism
c. Transcendentalists and Dark Romantics
d. Puritans and Dark Romantics
Question Time
4. Poe’s best-known poem, in his own
lifetime:
a. What Can You Do?
b. Rip Van Winkle
c. The Raven
d. True Love
Question Time
5. It tells the story of a minister whose affair
with a married woman ultimately sends
him to death:
a. Sin and Truth
b. Love Story
c. The Raven
d. The Scarlet Letter
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