ammonia chillers - airah · 3/13/2014 scantec refrigeration technologies pty ltd 26 . conclusions ....

Head Office: 225 Queensport Road

Murarrie, Brisbane QLD 4172 Australia

Phone: (61-7) 3890 9400 Fax: (61-7) 3890 9444

Shanghai Office: Suite 1502 Yuan Mansion

738 Dong Fang Road Shanghai 200120, China

Phone: (86-21) 5830 3488 Fax: (86-21) 5830 1730

Beijing Office: 7G No 4 Office Building

City Plaza No (A) 3 Shilipu Chaoyang District Beijing 100025,

China Phone: (86-10) 6556 2554 Fax: (86-10) 6556 2517

Ammonia Chillers Stefan S. Jensen,

B.Sc.Eng, F.AIRAH, FIEAust, CPEng, NPER

Scantec Refrigeration Technologies

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Introduction

Ammonia

• Admirable safety record (statistically <2 fatalities per 1 billion inhabitants of 14 countries per year; source: IIAR Dallas, 2009)

• Natural refrigerant (used for >130 years)

• Very favourable transport properties

The case studies will provide an overview of actual operating air conditioning systems using NH3 as working fluid.

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Why NH3?

Global HFC emissions by 2050 are ~9-19% (CO2e basis) of projected global CO2 emissions in the BAU scenario.

Source: Velders et al

This rises to 28-45% in a 450 ppm CO2 stabilization scenario.

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Why NH3?

• 16th of December 2013 EU agrees to phase down HFC’s by 79% by 2030

• June 2013 agreement between Presidents Xi and Obama to work together towards an HFC phase-down

• 6th of September 2013 Australia commits internationally to HFC phase-down by 2030

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Why NH3? Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013

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Why NH3? Climate change legislation 1997 & 2013

Source: The Globe Climate Legislation Study: “A review of climate change legislation in 66 countries, 4th edition”

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Chiller Plant with NH3

Engine Room

Location Brisbane CBD

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Chiller Plant with NH3

Engine Room

Location CBD

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Chiller Plant with NH3

BEFORE

R134A Centrifugal Chillers

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Condensers

Evaporators

NH3 accumulator

Receiver

HP float

Screw compressors

Chiller Plant with NH3

AFTER

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Condensers

NH3 accumulator

Receiver

HP float

Screw compressors

NH3 charge = 1300 kg or ~0.2 kg/kW

Evaporators

Chiller Plant with NH3

AFTER

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Chiller Plant with NH3

Evaporators

Compressor

Relief valve

Condensers

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Chiller Plant with NH3

NH3 Scrubbers

465 kW VFD’s

MCC A/C

Annual reduction from 40% to <30%

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Public building with NH3

BEFORE

Two Air Cooled R22 Water Chillers for Office Air Conditioning, 1200 kW

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Public building with NH3

Condenser

HCFC 22 Compressors

HCFC 22 DX AHU

BEFORE

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AFTER

Two Water Cooled R717 Water Chillers, 1200 kW

Annual Energy Saving

500 MWh

Public building with NH3

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Public building with NH3

AFTER

Connection of Basement AHU

Roof top plant room

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Public building with NH3

AFTER

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Public building with NH3

Emergency Ventilation – 41.4 m3/s

<20% of LEL or <30,000 ppm

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Future Heat Recovery System

Edwards GXC50 indirect, open vented, high pressure water tank to AS3498

Existing 613315 hot water system used as booster

Cold water

NH3 compressor

Desuperheater

~66 m

Public building with NH3

AFTER

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Commercial offices

Completed

During Construction

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Commercial offices

Design Refrigeration Capacities

System LT HT Refrigerant NH3 NH3 PGB CHW System temperature, [°C] -24 -10 -7 5 Capacity, [kW] 160 0 719 619

Legend: LT: Low Temperature HT: High Temperature PGB: Propylene Glycol Brine CHW: Chilled Water

Chilled water system services >50 air conditioned office spaces

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Commercial offices

CHW

LT

SBY PGB

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Commercial offices

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Conclusions

▪ No HFC Levy (GWP for NH3 = 0) ▪ No environmental impact of fugitive gas loss ▪ Superior COP

▪ Annual NH3 leakage rate <1%

▪ Suitable for high grade heat recovery

▪ Enables elimination of all SGG’s

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Conclusions

Plant room design – HFC versus NH3 • Unobstructed escape routes – lack of same eliminates NH3 • Charge cost of HFC plant 10-20 times higher than NH3 • Change of image by factory packaging of NH3 systems • Increased production numbers of factory assembled NH3

packages ⇒ lower capital costs • Barriers: Legislation (policies, standards),

technology/safety, supply/availability (components etc.), psychology (perceptions, acceptance), funding/costs (subsidies, tax etc.), markets (competition, demands etc.), training/know-how

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