anatomy i: lesson 1 - imune 1. lesson... · anatomy i: lesson 1 ... regio praescapularis,...

Anatomy I: Lesson 1

Anatomical Directions and Specie Identification Objective: Students will study the essentials of veterinary anatomy in order differentiate between species, identify variations and explore anatomical directions.

Car – carnivora (meat-eating animals) ca – canis familiaris (dog)

fe – felis catus (cat)

Un – ungulates (hoofed animals) eq – equus caballus (horse)

ru - ruminantia (cattle, goat, sheep) su – sus scrofa domestica (pig)

Latin Nomenclature

Anatomical Directions

B. Gerics

Scapula ◦ Regio praescapularis,

interscapularis (dors, withers)

◦ Spina scapulae

Humerus ◦ Regio brachii

Radius + Ulna ◦ Regio antebrachii

Carpus (set of bones)

Metacarpus

Carpus (set of bones)

Metacarpus Phalanx prox., I., os compedale,

fetlock Phalanx medii, II., os coronale,

pastern Phalanx dist., III., os ungulare,

coffin

Tuber coxae

Tuber ischiadicum

Femur ◦ Trochanter

Articulatio genus (stifle)

Tibia + Fibula

Tarsus (set of bones)

◦ Calcaneus + others – Tendo calcaneus communis (Achillis)

Metatarsus (3rd + 2/4)

Phalanx prox., med., dist.

Regions of the Head

- frontalis, parietalis, occipitalis, temporalis, auricularis, oralis etc.

- masseterica - mentalis (chin) - supra- and

infraorbitalis - palpebra inferior - labialis superior - mandibularis

Regio

- mentalis (chin)

- mandibularis

- intermandibularis

- subhyoidea (bone within tounge)

Regio parotidea

Fossa retromandibularis

Vertebrae Anatomy

body (corpus)

◦ extremitas cran. (convex) & caud. (concave) discus intervertebralis, NO synovial joints !

arch (arcus): 2x pediculus + lamina

◦ DORSAL! – orientation

◦ incisura cran. + caud. foramen intervertebrale

(for. vertebrale laterale)

processes (processus)

◦ proc. spinosus, transversus, articularis

◦ proc. mamillaris (+cran. artic.), accessorius

What Aspect?

What Aspect?

Cervical Vertebrae

mobility

body very convex + concave

articular surfaces very large

- proc. transv. tuberculum dors. + ventr.

- for. transversarium? (cervical only)

- ALL SPECIES HAVE 7 CERVICAL VERTEBRA!

Cervical Vertebrae, C1

C1 – atlas, nodding movement ◦ body massa lat., proc. transv. wing (ala atlantis), no proc. articularis, proc. spinosus

tuberculum

◦ cran.: deep excavation for condylus occipitalis

◦ ventral: excavation: fossa alaris

◦ foramina (interspec. diff.)

for. alare fossa alaris

for. vertebrale lat. (MED!) canalis vertebralis

for. transversarium perforates proc. transv.

Cervical Vertebrae

C2 – axis, rotatory movement

cran. projection: dens axis ◦ interspec. diff.: shape of dens

fac. articul. cran.

proc. spinosus

C6 – tuberculum ventr. lamina ventralis

C7 – caud: attachment of 1st rib, NO for. transv.