ancient greece. how did the physical geography of greece influence its development? mountainous...

Ancient Greece

How did the physical geography of Greece influence its development?

Mountainous terrain made communication difficult – city states formed- the Polis

Lack of arable (farmable) land and/or overpopulationled to colonizationIt was surrounded by water so the city states developed strong sea trade

Infertile soil led to step farming and growing crops such as grapes and olivesWhich would become important staples of a Mediterranean diet

Beautiful mild dry Mediterranean weather led to the development of outdoorAmphitheaters, and meeting places such as the agora where people could talk market theirGoods and talk about politics.

Bodies of Water1. Aegean Sea2. Mediterranean

Sea3. Ionian Sea

Cities:1. Athens2. Sparta3. Knossos4. Troy (pg 112)

Land1. Macedonia2. Anatolia3. Peloponnesus4. Crete5. Rhodes

Mountain1. Mount Olympus

Religion of the Greeks: Greek Mythology

Monotheistic or Polytheistic?

It helped explain natural phenomena, life events and human emotions

Polytheistic

Where do we see symbols of Greek mythology today? On monuments, government buildings, literature art and architecture

Can you name the primary gods & goddesses?Zeus = father of the gods, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena (patron goddess of Athens) and Aphrodite

How did the Greeks communicate with the Gods? The OracleAt Delphi

The Parthenon was built to honor Athena

What was important about the government of Athens?It was a democracy – How did democracy develop in Athens?

1) Monarchy – what is a monarchy?2) Aristocracy – What is an Aristocracy?3) Tyranny – What is a Tyranny?4) Democracy – What is a Democracy?

Monarchy=single ruler (king)Aristocracy =ruling class of wealthy

landowners or noblesTyranny=ruler who takes control by Force Democracy=Government of the people

Although democracy seemed to be fair for Athenian citizens, who was excluded from participating in government?

Important Tyrants: Draco – wrote first laws of Greece – very harsh (Draconian)Solon later revised the laws and outlawed debt slavery

Women, slaves, foreigners, men whose parents were not Athenian

Only free adult males of Athenian descent could be citizens

What was expected of Citizens?Citizens were expected to participate in civic debate and participate in the Assembly – which voted on all laws.

Athenian Democracy was a Direct Democracy meaning what?All Citizens voted on all lawsWho was the father of Democracy?

Pericles

He would extend democracy to most males

How did the Persian Wars begin and why was this war important?It began in Ionia which had been conquered by Persia. Persia raised taxes on the Ionians who then asked Athens for help.

Athens helped the Ionians revolt. The revolt was put down by Persia and then…Persian sought revenge on Athens.

Athens and Sparta combined their forces to defeat Persia despite beingoutnumbered – Preserved democracy, Greek independence, culture

Marathon – Darius troops defeated - Pheidippides ran 26 miles to tell Athenians of victoryPersia’s Xerxes sought revenge for his father, Darius- Thermopylae – famous 300 Spartans held the pass and fought to the deathSalamis – Sea battle – Athens defeated Persia

Athens v. Sparta- both city states try to dominateGreece after the Persian Wars

Athens Sparta • Democracy, civic duties, public

debate• Trade Economy, coin system• Naval superiority• Culture of Arts• Women have no rights• SlavesFormed the Delian league after the

Persian war

• Government? Oligarchy which is….

rule by a few wealthy old men• Agricultural economy, discouraged

trade• Women given military training –

greater rights• Helots – conquered its neighbors

when necessary

Formed the Peloponnesian league after Athens used its money to rebuild Athens instead of expanding the navy.

The Peloponnesian War was about dominance of the the Greek World

What was the outcome? Why was this war important?

Sparta won – it weakened both city states which would later allow for Phillip II ofMacedonia to conquer most of Greece

After Phillip II died, his son took over, who was he? Alexander the Great

Why was he great?

He conquered Persia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and parts of India

In doing so, he extended Greek culture and spread Hellenistic (Greek, Egyptian, Indian)Influences throughout the region and established the city of Alexandria – lighthouse & library

He died in 323 BCE and did not name a successor, his empire was carved into four territories and then it fell apart.

Contributions of Greek Culture to Western Civilization

Drama – Aeschylus, Sophocles Aristophanes (comedy)Literature/Poetry – Homer – Iliad and the Odyssey

History: Herodotus, Thucydides

Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates (Medicine)

Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras,

Socrates: Plato Arisotle

Socratic Method – your ideas modified by othersPerfectly governed society – The RepublicRational/logical thought – scientific method

Philosophers - SPA

Which one is which?

Doric Ionic Corinthian

1. In which war did Sparta and Athens work together to defeat a common enemy? a. Peloponnesian Warb. Punic Warsc. Persian Ward. Hundred Years’ War 2. Which Greek god was the king of the gods?

a. Apollob. Poseidonc. Hadesd. Zeus

3. Which choice gives the forms of government for the city state of Athens in the correct order?

a. Tyranny, Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracyb. Democracy, Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyrannyc. Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, Democracyd. Tyranny, Democracy, Aristocracy, Monarchy

Questions:

4. Ancient Athens was the first city-state to develop this type of government?

a. Democracyb. Tyrannyc. Monarchyd. Oligarchy

5. Who was the ruler during the golden age of Athens?

a. Solonb. Dracoc. Periclesd. Socrates

6. This Greek philosopher said that people would only understand themselves if they questioned what they believed:

a. Socratesb. Aristotlec. Platod. Sophocles

7. This Greek is credited with creating the Iliad and the Odyssey a. Aristophanesb. Platoc. Socratesd. Homer

8. Which Greek city-tate founded the Peloponnesian league to counter the Delian league, eventually leading to the Peloponnesian War?

a. Athensb. Troyc. Spartad. Corinth

9. Who was the father of Alexander the Great? He first conquered Greece before he was assassinated.

a. Aristotleb. Philip II of Macedonc. Cyrusd. Darius

10. Hellenistic culture was:a. the blending of Russian and Byzantine cultureb. the blending of Christian and Jewish culturec. the blending of Greek, Indian, Egyptian cultures as Alexander the Great expanded his empire eastward.

11. Which ancient Greek figure is most closely associated with Science?

a. Platob. Socratesc. Homerd. Archimedes

12. The Greek word Polis refers to

a. written lawb. city statesc. aristocracyd. standing army

13. After the Persian War, the Greeks formed a defensive alliance called the:

a. The Delian Leagueb. Legionsc. Centuriate Assemblyd. Triumvirate

DoricIonianCorinthian

14. What is the best title for the above list? a. Types of Incan roadsb. Types of Roman Archesc. Types of Greek Columnsd. Types of Egyptian pyramids 15. Socrates, Aristotle were ancient greek:

a. godsb. rulersc. sculptorsd. Philosophers

16. The Greeks established colonies along the Black Sea because: a. not enough farmable land in Greeceb. Overpopulationc. The oppressive governmentd. Both A and B 17. Life in Sparta was different from life in Athens because Sparta had

a. a militaristic societyb. an artistic societyc. a democratic societyd. an individualistic society