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Drug Dependeo,ce
and Alcoholism Volume 2 Social and Behavioral Issues
DRUG DEPENDENCE AND ALCOHOLISM
Volume I Biomedical Issues Volume 2 Social and Behavioral Issues
Drug Dependence and Alcoholism Volume 2 Social and Behavioral Issues
Edited by Arnold J. Schecter Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine Upstate Medical Center, Qinical Campus State University of New York at Binghamton and Director of Health, Broome County Health Department Binghamton, New York
Plenum Press- New York and London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
National Drug Abuse Conference, 5th, Seattle, 1978. Drug dependence and alcoholism.
Proceedings of the 1978 NatIOnal Drug Abuse Conference, held in Seattle, Wash., Apr. 3-8, 1978.
Includes index. CONTENTS: v. 1. Biomedical issues.-v. 2. Social and behavioral issues. 1. Drug abuse-Congresses. 2. Alcoholism-Congresses. I. Schecter, Arnold. 11. Tide.
[DNLM: 1. Alcoholism. 2. Drug dependence. WM270.3 D794) RC564.N37 1978 362.2'9 79-24558 ISBN 978-1-4757-0222-4 ISBN 978-1-4757-0220-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-0220-0
These volumes were supported in part by agrant from the Sandoz Foundation designating Dr. Arnold J. Schecter as a Sandoz Fellow. Funds were also received from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to support the National Drug Abuse Conference from which these proceedings were derived.
Second half of the proceedings of the 1978 National Drug Abuse Conference, held in Seatde, Washington, April 3-8, 1978
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1981
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N. Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher
NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE CONFERENCE
NATIONAL CHAIRPERSON
Arthur Simmons
NATIONAL CO-CHAIRPERSONS
Region 1 Susan Smith Resteghini
Region 2 Ron Gaetano
Region 3 Frank Espada
Region 4 Matt Gissen
Region 5 Rev. Walter Jones
Region 6 Ramon Adame
1978 SPONSORS
National League of Cities
Region 7 Rev. Richard Gilmore
Region 8 George Effman
Region 9 Tommy Chung
Region 10 June Leonard
NASDAPC Co-Chairperson William J. McCord
International Co-Chairperson Ted Schramm
National Federation of Concerned Drug Abuse Workers Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals National Association of State Drug Abuse Program Coordinators National Association of Puerto Rican Drug Abuse Programs National Association on Drug Abuse Problems, Inc. National Institute on Drug Abuse Drug Abuse Council
v
vi NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE CONFERENCE
National Council on Drug Abuse Center for Addiction Services Chicano Alliance of Drug Abuse Programs Washington State Department of Social and Health Services Washington State Council on Crime and Delinquency Therapeutic Communities of America Mental Health Association of San Francisco National Council on Alcoholism National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Washington State Medical Association Alcohol and Drug Problems Association National Asian-Pacific Substance Abuse Network
SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
James M. Shulman, program assistance James W. Leigh, program assistance James R. Anderson, program assistance Bradley S. Williamson, program art work Sandy Corkrum Dee Johnson Vern Parrott Richard Singer, C.A.S. Shirley Nelson, C.A.S. Raymond W. Hummel, C.A.S. Norm Johnson, C.A.S. Lois Hansen, C.A.S. Central Breakthrough Larry Gregory, King County Drug Commission Del Schooley, Olympic Hotel Richard Wegscheider, Olympic Hotel Julie Hale, Seattle Convention Bureau Jerry Morrier, Printcraft Kay Henshaw, Quadracolor King County Drug Commission Washington State Office of Drug Abuse Prevention NDAC '77 Staff Washington State Congressional Delegation C.A.S. Staff C.A.S. Board of Directors
Edward S. Singler, President Geary Simmons, Vice President Nova G. Jones, Secretary Billie J. Caldwell, Treasurer Dr. Albert Black Sunny Brite, R.N. Darrell Fregia
William Hall, Jr. Dr. Virgie L. Harris Edith Hilliard Eddie Rye, Jr. Maryanne Vandervelde Linda B. Wohlers
NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE CONFERENCE
NDAC NATIONAL PLANNING COMMITTEE
Carol Addis Michael Aldrich Harold Alksne James Allen, Jr. Andy Anderson Mirijean Anderson Richard D. Atkins James Bailey David J. Baird Dave Bearman Charles E. Becker Howard Becker David Bentel Karst Besteman Peter Bjorklund Margaret Blasinsky Ken Blum Arytur Bolter Philip C. Bourdette Peter Bourne Gordon Brownell Thomas E. Bryant Terry Buris Albert S. Carlin Lawrence F. Carroll John Chappel Tonnny Chung Ron Clark Allan Y. Cohen Shirley Coletti Mary Beth Collins Joseph Corcoran Harold J. Cornacchia Robert Corrado Grace Dannnann Gerry De Angelis David Deitch Marlene De Rios Risa Dickstein Sara Dowdy-Green Gerry Dubin Robert DuPont Roberta Duron
* Site Selection Committee
George Effman Frank Espada Richard Esposito Mathea Falco James Fausel Beryl Feinglass Sanford J. Feinglass Harvey Feldman Loretta Finnegan Rinna Flour Douglas Foster Helen Foster Herbert J. Freudenberger Ron Gaetano* Dan Garrett Frances Rowe Gearing Richard Gilmore Matthew Gissen* Avram Goldstein Jack Gordon John Griffin Maria Elena Guillen Seymour Halpern William Harvey Tom Hastings Robbie Hayes Carmen Helisten Eileen Henriques Rudy Hernandez* Rayburn Hesse Rae Anne Hickling Rogers Hoffman John E. Imhoff Darryl Inaba Phillip E. Jacobs Norman Johnson Walter Jones* Manny Karell Richard Katon Edward Kaufman Edward Khantzien Benjamin Kissin Ron Kletter
vii
viii
Irving Klompus Gilbert Koda Milan Korcok Day Kuntz John G. Langrod Herbert Leibowitz Frank Lemons June Leonard* David Lewis Ondra Lewis Walter Littrell Roy Eugene Lokey Leroy Looper Sandra Lowe Joyce Lowinson Karin Mack James F. Maddux Ira Marion Jill Marsden Mary Tuma McAdams William J. McCord Harvey Milkman Robert Milkman Lonnie Mitchell Josette Mondanaro Bob Moore Merlyn Moore Bill Morris Ronald Murphy Frank Nelson Marshall Newman John Newmeyer Stuart Nightingale Helen Nowlis Joe Okimoto James Oss Donald Ottenberg Zelba Owens* Abe Pasadaba* Vernon Patch Gary Payer Thomas Payte David Petersen Bianca Podosta Thomas Powers
NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE CONFERENCE
Hale Pringle Mark Quinones Richard Rappolt Richard Rawson Susan Resteghini* Gerry Richardson Anne Salsbury Jordan Scher Ted Schramm* Doris Schwarz Edward Senay Frank Seixas Richard Seymour Arnold Schecter Vernon Short Daniel Joseph Silva Jane Silver David Smith Roger Smith Stuart Snyder Charles B. Starr Arthur Stickgold Shirley Stone R. Keith Stroup Alice Swanson Jose Szapocznik Shani Taha Forest Tennat Harold Trigg Kay Tucker Raoul Tuset Linda Tyon Kathleen Bell Unger J. Thomas Ungerleider April Vandetta William P. Vanquez* Joan L. Wade Ron Wakabayashi* D. Leong Way David Wellisch Oz White Charles Winick Bobby Yoshida Jim L. Young Norman E. Zinberg
NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE CONFERENCE
CONFERENCE STAFF
Linda Howell Schodt Conference Coordinator
P. Jean D. Williamson Administrator
Jody Bagnariol Staff Assistant
Ken Saunderson Public Relations Director
Carol Strena Administrative Assistant
Don Christensen Program Designer
Dan Kelsch Program Assistant
John Gallant Press Assistant
ix
CONTENTS
VOLUME II SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL ISSUES IN DRUG & ALCOHOL ABUSE
PART 1 MINORITIES AND SPECIAL NEEDS
Cultural Variables and the Hispanic Drug Abuser. . .. . .....
Mark A. Quinones and Kathleen M. Doyle
Toward a Model for Alcohol Rehabilitation of Urban Minorities . . . . . . . .
Susan W. Reed
The Drug Treatment Process Among Minorities .....
Paul Phillips and John Phin
Effects of an Affective Drug Abuse Prevention Program on Inner City Black Youths. . ...... .
Ronald L. Nuttall, Michele L. Moreland, and Joan B. Hunter
Symposium on Minorities and Primary Prevention. . . . . .
Carmen R. Maymi
Do Pacific/Asians Have Alcohol Problems? A Preliminary Report . . . . .
Bob Matsushima, Carlos Gonzalez, Curtiss Brown, and Emily Gibson
xi
1
11
15
25
35
39
xii
The Support System of the Alcoholic: Responses and Interventions . .
Mary Ann Holser
Uneroding Enamel: The Stigmatized SubCulture in Hawaii . . . . . . . .
The
Fay M. Hidalgo, J. Abraham Pasadaba, and Rodney Morales
Application of a Phase-Level Approach for the Treatment of Young Adult Alcohol and Multiple Substance Abusers in an Urban Community
Jay Fischer and James N. Mitchell
An Alcohol Treatment Model for Use with the Puerto Rican Community
Carlos A. Caste and Jeffrey Blodgett
Consultation to a Puerto Rican Drug Abuse Program . . . . . . . .
Melvin Delgado
The Black Drug Abuser; The Lack of Utilization of Treatment Services
Ethel B. Burks and Tyron S. Johnson
Drug Treatment for the Elderly Abuser J. V. Tamayo and R. M. Haglund
A Drug Education Program for the Elderly. Robert E. Wetter
Treatment of Gays in a Straight Environment: Gay Alcoholics, Drug Addicts Survive a "Straight In-patient Milieu"
Stuart B. Smith and Max A. Schneider
PART 2 RURAL & URBAN ISSUES
Coping with Reluctance to Change in Rural Prevention Programming.
John F. Snyder
Delivery Systems: Drug Abuse Treatment Programs in Rural Setting . . . .
Eliezer A. Rogers
CONTENTS
47
71
89
95
105
113
121
125
131
141
149
CONTENTS
Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among Rural Adolescents: Some Implications for Rural Drug Programming . . . . . .
Bradley M. Larsen, Dale T. Krynak, and Terry F. Pettijohn
Establishing a Rural Substance Abuse Pr.ogram: A First-Hand Report from the Battlefield . .
Tod Johnson
PART 3 PREVENTION
The Family as a Basic Prevention Unit James D. Kazen
Alpha Centers: A Viable Prevention Model for Substance Abuse Agencies and Public Schools ........ .
Hale Pringle, Judi Gregory, Kathy Ginkel, and Carol Cheek
Modules in Prevention: A Flexible Approach to Training . ....... .
Mary Louise Mong and Phillip L. Bandt
Primary Prevention from an "Ecological Perspective". . ...... .
Roger C. Mills
Teaching the Positive Attainment of Altered States of Consciousness as a Prevention and Drug Treatment Approach . . . . . .
Diane D. Livingston and John A. Heuvelman
Approaches for Effective Prevention Work in Public Schools ........... .
Harry Kressler
An Existing School Program as a Model for Prevention Work in Public School
xiii
153
171
177
183
191
197
205
217
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223 Harry Kressler
xiv
An Environmental Intervention Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Youthful Drug Abusers . . . . . .
Kenneth B. Jacob, Janet Silverstein, and Richard P. Neuner
Predictive accountability for Development, Implementation and Evaluation of Prevention Programs ..... .
Richard Ingraham, Michael Winer-Cyr, and Roger Kuhrt
Developing a Comprehensive Community Based Prevention Program - A Multi-System Planning Model .
Margaret E. Hanna and Phyllis L. Hirschfield
PART 4 TRAINING, EDUCATION, AND CREDENTIALING
Substance Abuse Education in the D.C. Public Schools . . .. •.........
Edward White, Jr.
Professional Nursing Education About the Alcohol and Drug Dependent Person
Kathleen Smith-DiJulio and Nada J. Estes
The Pharmacology of Drug Abuse: Drug Education at San Quentin
William K. Schmidt and Alvin J. Greenberg
The Holistic Classroom Model Eric Hatch
Providing Skills Training to Former Drug Abusers in Treatment . .
Joan Randell, Robert Yankowitz, Susan Schatz, and Barbara Johnson
Work Habits Training - Basic Skills for Employment Success in Drug Abuse Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . •
Janice A. Popick
CONTENTS
229
237
247
257
261
269
275
285
289
CONTENTS
Credentialing: Issues and Considerations for the Front Line Worker . . . . . . . . .
Paul C. Purnell
Training and Organizational Development -Married or Just Living Together .
John Sample
Establishing Minimum Standards in Evaluating Drug Education .
Steven B. Robbins, Michael D. Decaria, and Terri Holleran
Continuing Medical Education in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse: A Formula for Success . . .
Michael R. Liepman and Suzanne S. Gilbert
A Management System for the Training and Supervision of Psychology, Social Work, and Nursing Trainees in a Substance Abuse Treatment Facility.
Larry J. Lantinga and Jennie Baarz
"Learn by Doing" - A Model for Community Health and Drug Education . . . . .
Nesha Z. Haniff
Pre training Screening: How to Pick the Winners . .. .....
Bruce E. Fischer and Dennis A. Armstrong
A Meaningful Credentialing for Senior NonDegreed Drug Workers
Joseph Ershun and James Leake
A Look at the Three Masters Programs: The Lincoln-Eagleville Masters Program, Biscayne College and the Institute of Experiential Training
Joseph Ershun, Judy Case, and Frank Brown
The Interface Between Training and Education . . . . . . . . . .
Joseph Ershun and Marvin Dichter
xv
299
303
315
325
339
345
349
359
365
375
xvi
The Effectiveness of Short-term Counselor Training in Vocational Rehabilitation Implemented from a Corporate Perspective
Doreen Donen and Nancy Reardon
Clinical Staff Training for Treatment of Both Drug and Alcohol Dependent Patients ...•......
Stewart L. Baker and Charles J. Koerber
The Institute of Experiential Training: A Training Program for Drug Abuse Counselors . . . . . . . . • . .
Frank K. Brown and Moses Rabb, Jr.
An Evaluation of a Comprehensive Training for Drug Treatment Services Staff.
Kwame Ackason, Alicia K. Miller, arid Thomas G. Spiritoso
Program
Competency Based Assessment Approach for Training and Job Performance. . • . .. .... .. ' . . .
Dennis A. Armstrong and Howard M. Ottenheimer
PART 5 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
Behavioral Treatment of Test Anxiety in a Drug Abuse Vocational Rehabilitation Day Program. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harvey Weiner, William L. Padgett, and Edward L. Miller
Vocational Training for Drug Abusers: Identifying the Early Dropout
Robert A. Steer and Edward L. Miller
Vocational Rehabilitation for Substance Abusers: A Model Program. . . . . . . • . . .
Richard M. Scott and James C. Gardiner
Implications in the Inclusion of Substance Abusers as Handicapped Individuals in Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mel Phillips
CONTENTS
381
389
395
405
417
427
439
445
455
CONTENTS
Vocational Outcome Following Residential Work/ Therapy Program - During High Unemployment and Recession Period . . . . . . . . . . .
Thomas A. Mellon, Jr.
Vocational Rehabilitation: The Key to Rehabilitative Success . . . . .
Vincent Marino
Vocational Services in NIDA-Funded Drug Treatment Programs ............... .
Robert L. Hubbard, Henrick Harwood, Monte C. Maney, S. Lou Mickey, Angela Mitchell, and Judith K. Linn
Vocational Characteristics of Substance Abusers Admitted to a Therapeutic Community ...
James C. Gardiner
Winning Over Employers: A Comprehensive Approach to Job Placement with Substance Abusers . . . . . . . .
James C. Gardiner
Innovations in Vocational RehabilitaL~8n: 1) Brief, Intensive Job Attainment Training . " ....
Victor I. Friesen and Vincent Young
Innovations in Vocational Rehabilitation: 2) Self-Employment Development .
Victor I. Friesen and Vincent Young
Hiring the Ex-Addict - Good Business or Bad. . . . .. . ..... .
H. Daniel Carpenter
PART 6 MANAGERIAL & ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES
/Regionalization of Substance Abuse Services Utilizing Existing Medical and Substance Abuse Facilities . . . . . .
Joel C. Robertson
xvii
465
479
485
497
505
511
521
529
535
State and Community Cooperation in Addict Offender Treatment: Two Years Later
Leroy Wisdom, Mark Greenwald, and John Henning
Management by Objective and Radical Humanist Perspective as Related to Community Function . • . • •
Frank H. Ware
Needs Assessment for Drug Abuse Treatment Agencies: Four Empirical Approaches
J. Jay Volkert
A Computerized Management Information System and a Unique Funding Mechanism for Outpatient Drug Services in a County Program Network • • • • . . • • • • .
Anthony J. Trifi1etti, Donald Paretchan, and Dorothy A. Klein
Administrative Planning for a Fusion of Systems: Where Prevention and Treatment Must Merge
W. H. Torrence, Jr. and Margaret E. Hanna
Taking Stock: The Development of a Comprehensive Fee-For-Service Network of Drug and Alcohol Services in a Suburban County • • • . • •
W. H. Torrence, Jr. and Robert D. Gorodetzer
The Role of Formal Planning in an Era of No Growth: The Philadelphia Experience •
Thomas K. Smith and Samuel J. Longsworth
The Take Over Cycle • • Carolynn M. Simeone
The Management and the Research System -Is There a Difference? •.•••
John W. Murphy
The War Within the Drug Abuse Program: Problems of Linkage Between Criminal Justice and Health Service Systems
H. Graham McDonald
CONTENTS
541
549
555
567
573
581
587
597
601
609
CONTENTS
Using Management by Objectives as a Tool for Management of Treatment . . . . . . • .
Conrad E. Mauge, Lewis E. Bingham, Howard Luckett, and Virgie Boston
Drug Abuse Case load Management. Reginald L. Locke
Pre-Trial Intervention Among Adult Drug Abusers in the Criminal Justice System. . . .
S. Dennis Hunter and Katherine M. Bilton
Accounting for the Expenditure of Public Funds: An Accountability System for Provincially Funded Treatment Agencies . . . . .
Marcus J. Hollander, Murray A. Martin, and Barbara E. Downs
An Examination of Various Legislative Acts Which Allow for Treatment in Lieu of Incarceration for Drug Related Offenses
Carlos Delgado
Credentialing and Licensing: Community Programs in Crisis? ..... .
William Colon
Third Party Payments Revisited: Everything is Relative ............ .
Richard J. Cohen
Toward a Functional Drug Abuse Program Management Theory . . . . • . . .
Leslie Brown
PART 7 SOCIOLOGY OF DRUG ABUSE
The Polydrug Tree: A Graphical Presentation of Concurrent Multiple Substance Abuse by Clients in Ten Treatment Facilities
Yoav Santo
First Drug Use in Relation to Drug Career Among Youth in Treatment for Drug Abuse. . . •...
Yoav Santo
xix
619
631
641
651
663
673
679
691
705
725
xx
DAEDAC - A National Archive Service Assisting Social Scientists in Drug Abuse Research
Audrey Vanderhoof, LaVerne Knezek, and Marianne Babitch
Prevalence of Interactive Multiple Substance Abuse Among Youth in Drug Treatment.
David W. Speck and Yoav Santo .......
A Socio-Cultural Comparison of Lifestyles and Survival Differences Between Chinese and Black Addicts on Methadone in New York City •..•.••••••..••
John A. Reed
Life Events Leading to Suicide in Drug Abusers . . Steve Saxon, Ernest Kuncel, and Edward Kaufman
VSelf Destructive Behavior Patterns in Male and Female Drug Abusers. •. •.•...
Steve Saxon, Ernest Kuncel, and Edward Kaufman
Differences Between Males and Females in Drug Treatment Programs
Virginia S. Ryan
Drug Treatment Entry Patterns and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Asian American, Native American, and Puerto Rican Clients • . • •
John G. Phin and Paul Phillips
A Longitudinal Study Predicting Heroin and Alcohol Use Among Young Puerto Ricans.
Ronald L. Nuttall and Ena Vazquez Nuttall
A Descriptive Study of Drug Use Among the Hearing Impaired in a Senior High School for the Hearing Impaired • . • • • . • • • . • . • •
Reginald Locke and Shirley Johnson
JFamily Structures of Drug Dependent Individuals. Edward Kaufman and Pauline Kaufmann
Chronobiological Factors in Drug Abuse Mark Hochhauser
Rapidly Developing Psychosis as Complication of Innocent Over-the-Counter Drug Use
Richard C. W. Hall, Earl R. Gardner, and Sondra K. Stickney
CONTENTS
741
747
757
769
779
789
803
819
833
843
855
865
CONTENTS
Drug Abuse of Hallucinogenic Plants: Datura Suaveolens . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Richard C. W. Hall, Michael K. Popkin, Sondra K. Stickney, and Earl R. Gardner
Multiple Alcohol and Illicit Drug Abuse Considered with Respect to Time Dimensions
Bradford T. Greene
Ethnicity and Transculturality: Its Relevancy in Training Personnel to Work with Clients with Dependency Disorders
Angel Gregorio G6mez
Heroin Prevalence: The Development of a Socioeconomic Model. . . .
Bradford T. Greene and Kareem Nakkash
Chemical Substance Abuse Among the Physically Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janet M. Francendese and Alan Glass
Ethnicity and Drug Use Among Urban Junior High School Youths . . . . . . . . . . .
Richard Dembo, William Burgos, Don Des Jarlais, and James Schmeidler
Drug Addicts - Are They All the Same? Arie Cohen and Harriet L. Barr
Cross Cultural Approaches to Working with Addict Families ........•........
Sandra B. Coleman
PART 8 PUBLIC POLICY
Public Policy Recommendations from the National Drug Abuse Conference . . . . .
John E. Riggan
Response to Addiction: A Social Policy of Benign Neglect in Industrial Societies .. . . .
Ann Weick and Arthur Katz
The Impact of Drug Abuse on Organizational Performance and Policy Evaluation
James W. Schreier
xxi
875
881
895
905
915
921
933
941
949
959
969
xxii
PART 9 MISCELLANEOUS
Urine Testing in Parole Offices . . . . Hugh F. Alcott
The Beat of a Different Drummer . . • . . . . • Kenneth S. Russell and Lucinda A. Alibrandi
The PSA Puzzle: Making Media Work .... David G. Schmeling and C. Edward Wotring
Activating Solutions to Alcoholism Among the Hearing Impaired . . . . . . •
Alexander Boros
Index . . . • . • .
CONTENTS
979
987
997
1007
1015
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