animal emergency response - trainex · environment. 2004 osc readiness training ... major part of...

2004 OSC Readiness Training Program 1

Animal Emergency Animal Emergency ResponseResponse

Decontamination and DisposalDecontamination and DisposalRolesRoles

Dr. Bethany GrohsU.S. EPA

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AuthorityAuthority

! EPA –National Contingency Plan (NCP)

! USDA –National Animal Health Emergency Management System (NAHEMS)

! Incidents of National Significance –National Response Plan (NRP) and annexes

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NRP and Associated AnnexesNRP and Associated Annexes

! Basic Plan– DHS overall Federal lead for Incidents of

National Significance! Emergency Support Function Annexes

– Primary and Support Agencies support DHS! Incident Annexes

– Coordinating and Cooperating Agencies support DHS

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Cyber Response

Food Safety and Agriculture Response

Terrorism Response

Biological Response

Nuclear/Radiological Response

JFO SOP

PFO SOP

Donations Management

Logistics

ESF #10 – Hazardous Materials

ESF # 9 – Urban Search and Rescue

ESF #8 – Public Health & Medical Services

HSOC SOPMitigation

Legal IIMG SOP

NRP Changes and Updates

ESF #7 –Resource Support & Logistics

Management

ESF #15 – Emergency Public Info & Ext Comms*

ESF #6 – Mass Care, Housing & Human Srvcs

ESF #5 – Information and Planning

ESF #4 - Firefighting

ESF #3 – Infrastructure

ESF #2 – IT and Telecommunications

ESF #1 - Transportation

ESF #14 – Economic Stabilization*

ESF #13 – Law Enforcement*

ESF #12 - Energy

ESF #11 –Agriculture

Private Sector Coordination

Financial Management

Worker Safety and Health

Support Annexes

Emergency Support Function

Annexes

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Terms and Definitions

Appendices

Basic Plan

Natural Resources

Community Relations

Congressional Affairs

Public Affairs

Most Relevant NRP Elements Most Relevant NRP Elements

Hazardous Materials Response

Catastrophic Incident Response

Incident Annexes

Note: This illustrates structure and proposed content. ESF, Support and Incident Annexes are not finalized.

*Proposed

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Agricultural and Natural Agricultural and Natural Resources AnnexResources Annex

! ESF#11! Originally food safety under FRP! Expanded to include agriculture and natural

resources - status! USDA primary agency for ag resources! EPA support agency

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Agriculture and Natural Agriculture and Natural Resources AnnexResources Annex

! OSC role– Support agency

! provide technical assistance and subject-matter expertise on facility remediation, and agricultural (animal and crop), and contaminated product disposal

! Surge capacity lab! Identify antimicrobial chemicals/pesticides! Investigative support and intelligence analysis for oil/hazmat

incidents! Technical assistance in determining when water is suitable for

human consumption

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Other Relevant AnnexesOther Relevant Annexes

! Biological Incident! Oil/Hazmat Incident! Food and Ag Incident (to be developed…)! ESF#8! ESF#10

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CONOPSCONOPS

! Request from White House Homeland Security Council

! Animals, Crops, and Food! Decontamination and Disposal

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CONOPS for HSPDCONOPS for HSPD--99

! OSC role! 3 levels of response! “regardless of response level, the ag

community must be prepared to work closely with the emergency management community to deal with an animal health emergency

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DecontaminationDecontamination

! Definitions! Considerations

– Location – Source– Containment– Sampling

! Decontamination Agents

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EPA DefinitionEPA Definition

! The process of eliminating or reducing a contaminant to a level that allows the location or item to be returned to normal use. A contaminant is a chemical, biological, or radiological substance that may occur on surfaces, in water, or in/on food or agricultural commodities that poses a potential risk to human health and/or the environment

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USDA DefinitionUSDA Definition

! Cleaning and disinfection (C&D) are tools used to impede the spread of pathogenic microorganisms.

! Disinfection is not sterilization! C&D will prevent the movement of

microorganisms on fomites and reduce the risk of pathogen transmission during the period while highly contagious disease pathogens are being eliminated from the national herd

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CleaningCleaning

! Major part of sanitation procedures. Heavy contamination of animal feces and urine in animal confinement areas and fat in abattoirs

! “High pressure cleaning with hot water and detergents is the only practicable procedure but brings its own attendant problems of the disposal of effluent”

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DisinfectantDisinfectant

! Physical or chemical agent that destroys vegetative forms of harmful micro-organisms, usually on inanimate objects but sometimes on the coat or hooves of animals.

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C&D ConsiderationsC&D Considerations

! Location! Source! Containment! Sampling

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C&D Unit in ICSC&D Unit in ICS

Information OfficerSafety OfficerLiaison Officer

SituationUnit

Leader

EpidemiologyUnit

EnvironmentalUnit

PlanningSection

DisposalUnit

Cleaning & DisinfectionUnit

OperationsSection

LogisticsSection

Finance/Administration

Section

Incident Command

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Function of the C&D UnitFunction of the C&D Unit

! Arrive on premises during euthanasia and disposal and provide C&D for all vehicles, equipment, and personnel leaving the premises– Provide input to the Command level – Provide technical advice to owners of infected or

contiguous premises– Operate and arrange for C&D stations for vehicles– Coordinate with Logistics Section on supply of

disinfectant– Provide personnel to supervise C&D of quarantined

premises

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Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge

! Pathogen transmission to susceptible species (including humans if zoonotic) may occur:– Directly, via animal contact with an infeted

animal or animal product, including blood; secretion (e.g., milk and saliva); excretions (e.g., manure and urine); epidermal outgrowths (feathers, hair, horn, hooves); and exhaled moisture

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pathogen transmission cont.pathogen transmission cont.

– Indirectly, via animal contact with contaminated feed, and water; fomites (e.g., clothing, tools, equipment, vehicles, bedding, supplies, and other inanimate objects); and people or animals (e.g., roaming and scavenging wildlife – including vermin and dogs – on the premises) who are contaminated with a pathogen, but not infected or susceptible to it

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pathogen transmission cont.pathogen transmission cont.

– Via arthropod vectors (e.g., insects and ticks) that may serve either as mechanical carriers of a disease agent or as an important part of the life cycle of the agent (e.g., mosquitoes that carry the Rift Valley fever agent).

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Decontamination AgentsDecontamination Agents! Physical

– Heat, radiation, filtration, impact! Chemical

– Soaps/detergents– Phenol and coal tar acids– Biguanides– Halogens– Aldehydes– Surfactants– Alcohols– Heavy metals– Dyes– Gaseous disinfectants

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Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and and RodenticideRodenticide Act (FIFRA)Act (FIFRA)

! Product-licensing statute: pesticide products must either have an EPA registration or exemption before they may be distributed, sold, or used in the U.S.– Review and register pesticides for specified use– Cancel a registration for cause– Issue crisis exemption if needed

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DisposalDisposal

! Definitions! Considerations! Methods

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EPA Roles/RegulationsEPA Roles/Regulations

! RCRA! CERCLA! CWA! CAA

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USDA USDA

! Effective disposal of animal carcasses and materials is a key component of a successful response to an animal health emergency. Overall goal is to control and contain the spread of disease– Disposal personnel– Evaluation of disposal sites– Selection of optimal methods– Disposal of miscellaneous items

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ConsiderationsConsiderationsItems for DisposalItems for Disposal

! Carcasses! PPE! Waste – liquid and solid! Animal products

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Disposal Unit in ICSDisposal Unit in ICS

Information OfficerSafety OfficerLiaison Officer

SituationUnit

Leader

EpidemiologyUnit

EnvironmentalUnit

PlanningSection

DisposalUnit

Cleaning & DisinfectionUnit

OperationsSection

LogisticsSection

Finance/Administration

Section

Incident Command

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Disposal UnitDisposal Unit

! Disposal Unit Leader! Disposal Team Manager! Disposal Team Members

! Team assigned to each premises as soon as possible after it is declared an infected or contact premises

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Disposal LocationsDisposal Locations

! On-Site Disposal– Most expeditious– Public health or environmental protection laws, permits– Suitability of potential sites on property– Number and species of carcasses– Potential hazard material may pose to humans/livestock

on site– Amount and size of rocks, soil types– Access roads for large trucks– High-water line, water reservoirs, wells

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OffOff--Site DisposalSite Disposal

! Safe, efficient transfer of carcasses! May be considered when

– Infectious material from labs and on-site facilities are limited

– Insufficient space or poor seasonal conditions on-site– Too close to human habitation– Carcasses can be rendered in off-site facilities more

efficiently than on-site disposal

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Transporting Infected MaterialTransporting Infected Material! Carcasses must be sprayed with disinfectant prior to

loading! Large-capacity vehicle made leakproof by lining and

sealing with disposable, tough, plastic sheeting ! Layer of absorbent material (sawdust) over plastic! Minimal handling of carcasss! Careful loading! Spray with disinfectant after loading and after sealing! Biosecurity measures entering and leaving premises! Clean vehicle after leaving premises! Clean and disinfect vehicle after unloading carcasses

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Temporary StorageTemporary Storage

! Prompt disposal after euthanasia may be impossible especially in major outbreak– Pile carcasses in closed building– Pile carcasses outdoors, spray with disinfectant,

cover securely with tarpaulin– Pile carcasses outdoors and cover with soil– Control measure for insects/fomites to reduce

disease spread via humans, domestic pets, wild animals, vermin

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Disposal Options Disposal Options -- BurialBurial

! Selection of site! Burial Equipment! Burial pit dimensions! Gas Production! Site Management

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Disposal Options Disposal Options -- IncinerationIncineration

! Open Burning (small amount only)– Selection of Burn Site– Fuel requirements– Construction of fire bed

! Pathology Incineration! Air Curtain Inciineration

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Disposal Options Disposal Options -- RenderingRendering

! Minimum standards– Particle size no greater than 1 inch– Temperature at 260 deg. F with alarm system– Material at minimum temp for 15 mins– Adequate security– Receiving side separate from finishing side– Air flow from finishing side to receiving side

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Disposal Options Disposal Options -- CompostingComposting

! Complex process! Control of pathogen primary concern

– Inappropriate for TSE agents

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Disposal of Misc. MaterialDisposal of Misc. Material

! Milk! Dairy Wastewater! Lagoons! Egg and Hatchery Waste! Feed, Grain, Hay, Straw! Silage! Manure! Wool and Mohair