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1
Siyaset eorisininoplumsal arihi
Siyaset Teorisi Nedir?
Dv v g d d gk gk, d v
dk d, c v , v k
kkd dc k zdd. k -
, z gkd d z dk , k, -
z , b dc dbz. A b kb k,
Ek Y b kd k v d Av
ddz cd v zk dk kd b
b dd g b b d bd.1
Y d k kd zg b teorisi b b-
d; k k v k g -; ck d v v d vd,
kk, gk k k v k v -
g dc gd. B dd
g k k d b k bk, B dc
1 Hg b bdk dc, b gz bd v.B kb c d b g b dv k ddck v g b k b gz v k bkk k k d, d dv k-d k dk b d k bk k bc k k dk dv
dk kk d dcz. Dk k, dv gc k-k k c, kbk d b dk gd kd g, k gc g ck v , z bk d (M Fd, Te Evolution o Political Society,Nw Yk: Rd H, 1968, . 229-30). Dv, k, k, kb g vb.d z kc k d kck v b k c k .
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14 Yd Ld
kk z k dd b, Y d k kv d teorisi gd.
Bk bkd kkd c, gc, d-
b z v kk kd Yd d d k gkd g bk z d; bgc v v kk d zd. A gk dz k, - d.
, dz k Ek Y k d , k d kk v dzdk, zg vdk dc gk g k k,
zd, v d k kbz. M- K d, d dv kkd z v -k kd vcz vd; b k d d, zkc v k, k-k k gd bdd. Kk Ydd gk Hd gd k , k v bgkd g k v k , dc g-d gz; b gk v dz k b bd d, ddkk k . Kk - d ck H dk d k, d vk; kk dk S dkbz.
Bd g Ek Y c dd-z zk Pg, Sk, P v A v b g-k z kb d d , k- b d: Azz Ag, Azz Aq T , Mc-v, Hbb, Lck, R, Hg, M v d. B d k kd; b k k vd. Gk dv- v d kb d z d; kg v vd bk. H b, v dv d vdzg g k bz vd. B dk ddk, b b d kv v k d; zd b, gv v dd g dc k d k.
Bz kc d b d dv .Bk v k b v k k- dck . H , k v d k b d gd; gk-
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15S
k k b k v cv d kd kd. D k ddd d bd gkd. B
d, z d k bz ; dd b dz k k g d dd. S kd k d - b, b gkk - v dz gk d . B dd, d d d v g kd bz z, z v bkd kkzv d .
B k gb gb b k, k- k d cb dc - k k zgcd g, d k k z dz. Mdd d, z v gkc kk v b dc gb d k bd k g. Gk d k- k, d v b d k-d d zd.
Bd k k,b bd g cz; b -k kk b k k kzd z kzd cz. S cd, g k v z vdd k k , - v k kz bd d dk g; d k zd b bc b - kk d.
B k vd. S bc z dbz b. k d c k b z- g b bz b. A d - gb d vkd; g d gdk-, k k b dk, k d z k kk, d dk d gdk, -z d, d kkd bz kz v, dk bz d dz z d k bv zdk d kvbz. B, dc k -
d k dd. S d-
d k , g k bz
gk; k k kdk zc
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16 Yd Ld
g dd; b kd, b ,
k, kc k, k v k bd k
b d.
Siyaset Teorisinin Tarihi
S b g d , dc -
kkd z b d z g b g-
dd; d d b g, bk -
k, d v zd, kd
v k dd v kgkdk c v. zd d kc
v vc; bd c k g dc -
d bk gk.
S d cd 1960 v 1970d kdk
z, bk kk b bd, d d v k-
d d. A zk Ak vdk
kcd, d d v k d b
bk d kb bkd. B gerek - b vd; k gk b k
d; b d k
, ne olduuyla d ne olmas gerektiiyle d.
D b z b bd k d kkz
Sk Sv k bk k d; kd kk -
vk dd. H b
d k kb. B d b d bk
c dc d, d zd vd; b dd g,
ck dd c, d bk dd k
g kvbd.
S b b bz kcc, zk-
d Sd W d d; W Politics and Vison d
d, zd c bk g b b-
d vd.2 A zd b d ABD b b-
d dc dv k g ddk k kc zk dd. B d, dv-
2 Politics and Vison: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Tought k b 1960. E g bk 2006d Pc Uv P .
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17S
b k k L S k g-
d; k k d bb g kd .3
Dc, c kd g kv k
bkk, kc zd, k d-
c b z b bk d. S
c d, kd d gc k
v v k gk vdk dd dk, d k-
c . G d b zk k
dg v b v Gg W. B j k c -
k gckk; d ck S kc , gc
d ( d dkk) gd, dz-d dk d. Ack bz kd dv
d kk k k z g.
Dc k, S gz v gz
k kbc , kd v z
dc b k b k d g-
d.
B bk S d v d v
k b bk z dd. Yg b g-
g zd bz gk ddkbd
b, kc dd. Kd kc C. B.
Mc k k b k
gd; 17. z gz d, k
k ddd b d cd; b k
3 L S k dc b d. Kz k. 1899d Ad d S, 1937d ABD g v zk1949d Ccg v dk Kz Akdk - k kd; b, v ccdd. S k Sv k b: Dc d,zc gk v bg c, H k dkc k k dc kd. B d z b bdz, b bd gkd. Sg, b zk d d d d ; zk k dk(d d , b ), kz bd dcd k-, g v bg k dc v . S k gk kvk bkd kd ck, k k b kdk
d k g v zz b zg dv- k, k z b c, d z k g -d b. B k, kdk bk ddk k- d; k d a priori () k dkk gz k kk k ddd. S, d b, kd k , , b k dk, kd kbc kkd b.
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18 Yd Ld
Ag-Ak bd b d z b d d.4
B kd kk v
b , z S b -c bv-
d gk k d. Pk bk,
k cd dc k d. B d
bk v, kd z-
d v kd k k k, -
, k v k dk gz d k,
bk d zd, d v dc
k b z gdc dz dgd dd
b k d.5B g g, gk , b djd ,
cd v zk d. O, v v kc
d; b , z v g
dz v g k d. Gk -
cc b d k d:
Gk k, dk? Hg
g bd? K v d dz v
k d?
B g v, v , bk d d g-
ddk b bz k z dck kd , cv-
bc d b z bc,
d g. , c k d,
v b v zdk d
d ddk kkd k . B kd b-
, kk z, z v k bd k z b gk. O g dc
b d bg j d z d-
v dg k v v kkd bz b
; b, P gb bk, d b c g b
d b z.
B d d b k kz-
4 Te Teory o Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke , 1962d Oxd Uv P -d d. Ad Mc, 1950d b k k -. O d k z v; b d b d d. B bk, kkz k b c gk.
5 bkz. D G, Beyond Ideology: Te Revival o Political Teory (Nw Yk:H d Rw, 1967).
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19S
d v k k b dc k kk, k k
d. Cbdg k, zd g, b c gdk bk
kk kdk b d v b-
zdk z dd, d g bd dd. B
k k vc Q Sk, Te Foundations
o Modern Political Toughtd kk gd, k-
k d k dk (kk) dd k -
d z v; dj d kk
v b d k z d. Sk,
k bd dj k kdz z-
kvbcz; b d b bdgk d v. S kd, k-
c b kd d; bc b
k v b k g d -
d g .6
Sk g b k bc , dc kk
kv dz k d, z dk d-
d d kvz . Mc k
, k k kd.7
E d dj k zd, dk k d k gbdk d d. Hgb dv bk d dk kz bvdz z, dv dd b z. B g bz k dvdkk, kz k kd zck gd z;k b k bcd b kd. B
d d: E zdz d b k zdkk, z k dc k , dv b d d gbz.
Sk, R v R dd B dc-
g; zk d devletkv d
kz c, d v k, kd z-
d k zck v gd gd b
k ck d. D -
d d gb bd d j , gk d
6 Q Sk, Te Foundations o Modern Political Tought, Volume I: Te Renaissance(Cbdg Uv P, 1978), . x.
7 Ibid., . x.
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20 Yd Ld
dc , d g kc k v kd
d b dd d g v k
kb k , d g b k.8 O, dc bk
d d, v dc gc, d kk-
d b d, dk zk z; b
zd v d, g bd
v, bk c c.
Sk k k g bz vd; Cbd-
g k d d b k, zk k d
g b d d gk z
dk k bd kd. S bk- d, dk , gk
gd v k k bdd -
d , d b k z, d zd.
A bk Cbdg k k g gd
bd; Sk v k gd
balamn, bdd k bc
gd. S, , , k
k k k z g d k. b
kd z b d d zd , -
zc v k dc kd. gd
b , k b d d. Ed -
d b b k , dc kk-
d bk, g gc d k
kd z b dk d , k zck, d-
k dzdk v djk dg d-k b kdk. Sk d
dc c d d ck g k
d dk v kc k d
z bk b v dc
.
Sk 1300-1600 dk dc g k-
kd k b kk,
b c bd gbz. Sk ddd k v kd g ; b Av-
d v k v d .
8 Ibid., . x.
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21S
O kbd , k v kk, k d v
b, gc b,
v k, , k, z, c, v k
bk d z.9
Cbdg k kcd J. G. A. Pcck,
g g kd g, dd k g -
, kd d 18. z Bdk v c
k d k gd. A bdb
vk k b bk, Sk dv kd kd
d d d zk d.10 Pcck kk , g-
Bk kd; g b, 1690 d - b z k v , k b d-
; b kjdk d k . A
b v g g Bk, d c d, k
kd k gb b z d; k 16. v 17. z-
d k v k d, gz k-
z d bk kd c,
bg bd, k k g k k g
gz bkck , 18. z c kz -
d k k gb, b bdb gk bd
k. B kd c d b k dc -
d k: Pcck , bk Skd d d z,
k b k k; d zc
ddk dd gzb. B d d
v k dk dkk g; b
kk v dd.O z Pcck, d Sk d dc ta-
rihi, g bd dc g ddk bc g-
kd k v kk bz d, z-
d srelerden d k b d d d. , Cbdg
k k k, d kc g
d bk v kk g b k , -
b zd v kdk b gb,
9 Bkz. N Wd,John Locke and Agrarian Capitali sm (Bk v L Ag: Uv C P, 1984), . 11.
10 J. G. A. Pcck, Virtue, Commerce, and History (Cbdg: Cbdg Uv P,1985), . 108. Pcck g b dd g , g d c bk bkb bkk zd.
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22 Yd Ld
b dz bb bz, dc v z d b
.11
M v z vg, d g z v k gz -
d bd dz. Cbdg k g-
k z bz b b z , d z
z d k. B gk , k b.
Sk, Mcv ck kd Yc
* gb b b db , z d c k bk-
d dk k b. zk Pcck d 18.
z b z c d -
z g d z v d g kd. Ak v k , ck,
g d , b d (k, b kd
d k dd) d d z k dd.
B k k Sk Hbb d Bk Y
** d bk Lck ck kd Dd
Bk Kz*** gbz. H k dd d b -
d v Cbdg , d, z -
v g g kd, g b d, b , d b dk dk b d k v
dk gz.
bkd Cbdg k d d -
d d b k vd. H k d -
, g bc, d v , d
d k d. H k d bk cvb, k-
v k z b k d,
k k v.
11 Sk , k v kz g bkz. C N-d, Q Sk S: Hc Md d d Dc, CanadianJournal o Political Science, c 18, . 2, Hz 1985, . 339-52.
* evirenin Notu: M--c, v R dd d -
c vd b v k c d b d-b .
** 1649d k d ddk Cw ddk gz U B k Y d d k (Egg Cv).
*** 1678-1681 d k kk kd Kk d d dk ck g (Exc C).
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23S
Siyaset Teorisinin Toplumsal Tarihi
B kb k
bk kb, gk bk d kd z- v kdk k g dkd.12 O
g d kk dzd d dk, bk z-
v k z b dk, v zk-
g v v zd bz k dk
b, b v dd. kz, b b b
dv bk, zc b d; b
d k k d d. A d
g b vd bkdd, djk bk, v dd.
A zd d bk d, d
d gdc dd. S b b k -
d; k d v vd; g b
d. Bk, d z d v k-
d k k bk, d d v bz kd
dd. P Republic d kv k d d-
k bg dz bk, z bk gd gd; v v k gk d. A
v cv (d k bd c gb) A
dk b.
S d d v bd b-
k b k, kk dk d bkk ddk
gz. H kd, dc , c-
kz, v d k g bdk d-
d ddk kzd. Bd cz
d k cd; b d z
, bk , dc kdd ck zd g-
zg k d b z
zg b b d k k d; zd d-
bd v k bd d
kd.
S z dk b kv-, z gdk bz d-
: kbk v d bk bb
12 S bkz. N Wd, T ScH Pc T, c. 6, N. 3, A 1978, . 345-67.
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24 Yd Ld
v d k g. Hg b zd v dk
k v k bk k k-
v d , dd k-
b, bz , d k-
d, dk k,
b kd k k b v b k
g d v zd d v cd-
g b bz gk.
b k b, b dc, d
kd kbc, dbc
gz. k dz dc g b dk k kd , kd bd d v g
g, b kd g. Cbdg k
d d cv bk -
k z gk; dk v-
, dk gd gd kb kd. A -
, b zc k d
v kk dz k d gdk cz;
zd dd v d,
dk k bd bk v ggk
d b kd.
B k Cbdg kkd, b -
k gdk d kd, d sreleri . B-
k Y d Dd Bk Kz gb djk ,
Hbb d Lck gb d kkd b ; b
d, d bd d g - zk, bk kc, k k z-
d k g.
S kd, k bd v dv d
z d g d, d b -djk -
k v. Gk d , dk bd
dvz b gb bdb dk dg
d gk gd b zd g dd.
A J Lck gb b d, b d z k k, d d d d bk d-
v ggk kd k,
k v dv gb, zk d kz k k-
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25S
dbcz d bk, kd. Kk-
z Lck, kz ddz g gzd; k,
k v dv k d kd -
d. O b g bd kk,
kk, kd dk k-
kk gd gb, g k d
d z .
E dk d, dk k -
, dk k, b kk zd gkd d
gzb. , k k v d B
d Av dd bk dd. B Av dd v k k g, d-
k dd kdk dk dz
k k k v dk dv k d
bkz.
S dc , c c-
v kjk bb dgdk dk -
z v k kk gz. S d
zc gk z, zd
gd gd d ; b d ,
bk d, k k kdk b k -
d dk. , dv , k k gz v
Fzd dk gd k.13
Yc b dk bd kd
gz. Dkk d k g b k b b b -
zk, k g v k d kz kbdc b k dkk g. Ek -
d gd v k b
k k z b k dk cdd
kk b, Fdk k, v
vg b dv dk gd kd. A
d dkd b k d k k g
, c , d dv gv k g-
b. Bk d, kd b
13 B d k kbd cd: Te Pristine Culture o Capitalism:A Historical Essay on Old Regimes and Modern Stataes , Ld: V, 1992. (KapitalizminArkaik Kltr: Eski Rejimler ve Modern Devletler stne arihsel Bir Deneme, v. O K-, Yd K, 2007.)
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26 Yd Ld
b vgk d kkz bk z g-
k dg zz d k , b
g, d d k b
kd dz gk , d b k
v d vc dgz gk.
B k, bk b z v k kc
bz zz ck b d dd k -
gz. bd k d b
k k. , kkd k, -
bdd; dc d c v k d
d bz d, k k bbz, zd d kk, v -
k d gbz d gkd.
b dc dz bzd ck k d-
z vd v z gb bz d z bc -
z g kz. B k dd kd, g-
bk d dk kc b zd.
A kkd d kckk,
v d k k -
kd z d kk b v k d
z dd. k k; k-
kd dd v k d k, k
kz kbk .
S k g b d, k-
kc d k. S d siyasetle g
dk zd b k, gk k v dz bkd d d v b k
gk. E vd b, kd
zz v kz g gz v kv z g-
k , b kd -
bk gkz.
, g d A d kk -
k b v k; b b d k kk
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27S
g.14 B v g, k d , Ekddk
k d dk k, gk , b d-
d b k gz; k b k,
kd z v k -kd k -
g kb z. B , v -
k d dzd b k dd-
z. A A kd gk b -
vd k k d kk
b d c, d d d k
cz z, gz d g bk b z
v k d d k bz - b d gb g.
S , kd zz dbck b-
z bk b d v. E k b-
d k, d kd zz d z. O
b k kvk, kd dz
b d, bk z v bk dc g -
d, bkz . A zd, d d kb -
z b v, d d d zz. E b kk, zz v k-
z g dc v v gz z kb -
d z gz.
14 A Sx, M. I. F Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology kb -d, z k, d gk, kk zd z bz d d b v c k z -; A gb k dcdk d k.E, K d g A dc, (...) bz b b kv d g; k d b bz d b z. Kk zc k k dd d c b d- dd. B, d kd b dd. F b d-k k, k v d d dd. v d dk -z z k A b d-k k kc dd. F, bz b b z v k zkgk; b d d gz Ak k bkd Akkc vgk k kk k k-kd. B k z dz gk d zkd (Political Te-ory, c. 9, N. 4, K 1981, . 579). A k g k d kc bbd d g dc d d k dz, b bd
Y ddk b kk g dc k d gkz.A k, g k d b vd d ,k gerekelendirmedi i b ( , k k gk dd d d k d). A kd, A k d z dc b v; b d kk g , z v k (k b bz k kc k g d A gbkd k ) gkd kd.
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28 Yd Ld
B k , , bz
v gk d k k bkd
gb. Cbdg bd b bz, k z-
d, kd zz v kz d -
ck k b d d . Od ck
b d, k d, bzk-
k bd dd d. S d
ck d kdbz , kdz
k d kdz; bzd ck kz d-
c z kk bkd d, bz b d bk b
g d d d d.D b c, dc bz kk v -
dk k dk d, zd zg b
b k vk. K zc , -
dg d, b k k k v k-
cc b d. B b k, b
dd d k zg z d b
gk. B k, bz k
c bd, zc dd, dd v k k
Y gd, R kk d H j gb b -
d b d vk d.
B z d b dg k -
; bz k g k v k ,
bk k d z vg db. O, b
kk k, b bd z dd d
kd g; b k, k bk b d; b bk d k-
b.
Siyaset Teorisinin Kkeni
B , Ek Yd d k
dk k vd. Gck bd gk
, b gv dd b k, zkd A g d z bg ck. B bd kdz,
gd b Y d k gk -
g k cz.
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29S
Kkz 8. zd zg Y dv
kd; b bz Ad d gb k 5. z-
d g 4. z kd , kd kd dk
v. B dv, d kk gk dv-
d v Ydk c dvd, M v Mk
kk d kk kd. A bkk b dzk -
z, c b b dv ( dv db)
d; k
d d,yurttalardd vkd kd b -
z kd. Y , A dkd
d gb d kc d S v G k dvdkgb d z kc bd. Pk, zck d dz gb,
dk k d k v g v b, -
c k d ,
. b b k, gk g dkd v z-
k Ad d bgd.
Bc z gdd Y, z kd
g bd v dcd, db b k kz d-
kd d b dd. B k bk bk,zk dkd, b k kz, bz b ,
z k ddk zc z bc
d v zc kz .
Yd, zk d Ad gk , z dk-
k d .
Hk , c v k k g bd v
dk gkd; b d -
dk v kk bkd d. kd
bk v b . C b kd , d-
kk v g zg b k ; z d v k -
k , b d z b-
b dc k, k d v k b
g b k kd; b d gz kd
, kd v dc k b bd d db c-
kd.B z g gd b b
dc z, b b d, d d c k-
b d bk v zk
dk d kd bkz gk. A , -
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30 Yd Ld
k v Y kk zd dk b b g-
d z k bd dck. Acz bkd
bd, dd k z d g z
vgcz.
P, zc bg b b d, zd
k zg b g d. D kk gk-
d dv, - k c dk k d
g, c b k . B z z
Mc z: Yc dk -
ck . B v d, gk kbb dk d
kb d. B k, bk gk g z, c c dk k z k gz zkd.
B k dvd, k d kk b
vd; c c v k b k.
Dv b gc dk z g v d
c d bz , d d dv c-
kd. Dv k b k bk v d
db vd. k z k c -
d d b, dv gv, bk k k-k, kk k dv k gv vg,
d g b d. z k
bc bk k v v dv gv b
v dv, z b d, b b
d g v g k b zk bd
g g.
O d k bkk dv, dd c v zk k
k k v k, b - b kd. B dv b Yd d k bk,
d, d Rd, k b k, k v -
k bkd k b cd b g d-
. D, zk d Fk v Kc, Y
d R C bz d bz k dvd
b; d d dv g v k-
d k k, v v k k, Y v R-
d kk.Kyl- dc, d k dv d k d
zk. Y v Rdk k d k bd
ck dk k v zk gb c
-
7/30/2019 Antik Yunan Romaa
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31S
zg v dv k z. Y-
d v R Cd, k c,
k c v k d, d k-
v d, k k k, dd b-
b k k gd. z k d c v zk
bd gk, kd dv dk . Gk (
kc) dv () b kd k k, k v
kd , zg dk gd.
B dv zk, dc k kk -
. P, dkk A dk, d
bz Y dvd v k Y zk dv b d. Republic P, b -
c , c v k k -
d ; b dv c k k zgd,
k vd d zg z k b dd-
. Yc kd z k b k bk, c
kk k bd v -k,
d d kk zdd. S v k
v, P v A d gk k v g k, dc c . D b d-
, ck ; b. Kkz P
k b k kc g S v G gb Y k
dvd; kdk b d Md
zd bz Y k dk Md.
D kk z, g d z dk
bd v bg b Y-R vd. zk
k dk P Laws d d, dkk k-c bd d A, Pb v Cc zd k-
. Zg v k, k v c, k b-
v k k b v v k k d b dv,
z k b g k k bd b z ,
zg Y v R g . K k, Y-
Rdk dvd zk d ,
z d b k dv : Dk,
g, . B , bd b , k- d b. zk zg v k gk
v dkk db; zg ,
g c b d k v d k
-
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32 Yd Ld
v kk k d, dg gk
vk b.
H , d k, c kd
k k Y v R k dk, mlkiyet v sn
k b dk zk, dd d. B k-
, zk dkk , b dz kd zg k v
k dd. A gb b d b dz
k zg d vd. Ad kd g -
z v bbd z d k b d k;
kd v d v dk -
k, b dkd d zd. B k, kd v jd, k b d kd
gd, b d kc z v b-
gkd. Hb gz z kb dzd; kk
d v zd d,
dv k b d, k kk c d,
d c dd.
Y kc dv zg b kdd-
v kz k , dd z-k d. Dv kk v k -
d. Y b k, v k kk
gd; k k d v
c dk d b d d? Yk k-
d d d zg k
k dk g z. Hkk v kk
g; dd d bk d dz
d k d v dk kk; - d g d b b
gk gkd.
Ak d b c k k kb
dd b g kd, bd v bzz gk
k d vzd. Kz k b z d-
, c k dkd. Gk vc,
z d k k d k dk
cv vk , k d k kk z k gk zdd. Ak v k kk v b-
bc d k d. A -
gkd d c k v b k
-
7/30/2019 Antik Yunan Romaa
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33S
gkd kd. (b Y
c v k bd ck), k v -
k d k , k dc gk d v -
d d. B dk bd cvbd; bz
dk , bz g dkc d bd.
P, dk k d kk d kd
k gk d zd; dk b dc
dd d v k , gk -
k zdd.
Tarihte Siyaset Teorisine Genel Bak
P d dc b, k dk dv b-
d, d k zd d dd v k
gd bd. B z k b k z-
dd. B g Ek Y
dd; k b Av -
kzd dv . Dk bd z k zk,
dv g bz v gc b dk dkg, gd b dd. B d, c -
, dz k, k v c -
dk d dv dv c vd. D d,
dv k b b b v - k k gd.
Dv k d bkd, g c
z dkk kd b c k -
d. Gk d dv , bk d b z
k d b. zk B bc k,, bk d v k -k zk-
k d, gd v bdd. A kk
dv k dk v d z d dd k
k k bk, B kkd, z kk
k gb k z . O z
v, zc v gkdk c-
bk k bd g gb .
Sc c dk k, kzg kk bd dck; B
bk d, k dv, c c
dk g d. G k, B
-
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34 Yd Ld
g, k v dv g dc,
z c k g d dkk ck
b, g b d zc bk k
d d d. A k k, b d ,
bd bck kdkz -
z. Dv, k b v c dk kk
k, d k, B g, dd .
Eb g g d k kd -
B zg d. A Bdk v b-
d g k d zg b v. B b
d, d kk k dd b c -c dk k b z c b dk
k d. z k, b d, k-
- R dd kzd v z
gk A dkk k k bz k
Avd d kzd. Fd v k d Av,
kd bdc c c dk k bz
b zck; k k kd dck, -
gc k k , g d k k-d g kdck. A b dd b c -
c dk k z k. k b
b c , k , dv g
kk b g k k k gd; b k
k, d k v dv kb d, d
dd k kd.
Mk zk v g dv k k-
, Bd k z k cd bdcd k zd d. Mc v b-
k k kk b c c-
d b b vzd; k k
dv d, bk d , k d b b vd.
Ek Yd B , dkk kck d-
cd d k bk b, gck bd ccz
d k bk k gdd bk dkk
v k d. R, kk c -d, A dk gb d k k k k-
d; Y gb v b g d. A
R kk gb g bk k bk
-
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35S
v k k gd. k H
k v b d g k d.
R k z v dv d kk
k b zk d. H d c,
B k k , k bz g d
ddk k dv k k kz R kb d-
k, imperium (gk) v dominium (k kk) k
; kd, kk kk v k d g k
d. B, Cc d On Duties (De Oficiis) d
z k dv c, z k kk d
dv b d d gd g dz. , B kz k dv z k k,
b v dk gg v.
B k kd b dk ggk, c
k gk d v k dd; d g-
cz gb, R kd b -
. Fdz k ggkdominium z,
dv , b k d . Dv
g c d k z c-c k d dv, k, b, k k v d-
kd b zk k. Mkz k
d dv gk gd; kk b
k v bb kb d k vd;
b, zc k v d d d, zd d-
k zk z k dd; K R v
d cb.15 Fd k k d, d v, d
k dk -k kd, d b k- bd. Fd d , k b k
d bk k d g b v
zd v k imperium b b k dv b -
k.
Mk dv dk d g z kd
zd. K kd d kz k dk
15 P gk kv bkz. P Ad, Passages rom Antiquity to Feu-dalism (Ld: V, 1974), . 148f. D gcz gb g z dz kb d. B k k d v kd; Agk dvz g k b, Nd d b b d; b d gk d, Kd d d, gd d. g z k-z zg g, b zg d z bd . B k d d kck.
-
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36 Yd Ld
dv bvck; g dv -
kz bkck. Kz, k dkk b dc kd, d k
v k d dd g dv b dk - d k .
S d, d b kk g d-kk v ggk kk z k kdk gd v dz d. Mk dvdk k k kkk kzd; kd d k, k kk v k, dv gc - , z k g zk, gkkv, kk v d kk -k dd. Hkk g v K bz b gk k kd; k kk k-, K, k d k gd- gd. Sd kz g, k v dv, k vz, v kd, dv v v dk k Ab d, v k k g -d ck bd d d kd, kvd v kv k.
B bc, d gcz z, dc d v k- k k d d, v kdk d-kk d d Av dv d kkk vd. Yzc bbd k Av dz k;dz z, bbd k d d gk;dk k dvd, Adk k, F -k dv, Hd c c kd dk - k; dzd kz g d g z-c gd gk. Av k b k v k B g v bk d , b b, kd z-g gk .
B k d k v. Eg dv -dk k k, B b zg k kz-d. Mk b g k z -k, k v kd g kk dv k bk, kd zk g, dv kdk k v zd zgk bkd, dv kdk g-d kz k; b gk dv k d d -
-
7/30/2019 Antik Yunan Romaa
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37S
kk zd kzd. Bc k d kk d gbd: Ld bk k d b dv dv d kkd, d k-
dd. B d, v k dzd b, k k, kk- v g k c -dc d.
Kutsal Eserler
Kk B d g cd dz
d g d bk z k . N B Avv k bk kk d - bz kkc z k d? k z bAzz L, d d, kd- dk kk g, k v zk dkbk, kdk g dd, gck v z- b kk v bk k dkd zb k d?
H B gd b bk d? zkABD vd B g d, kk g z kb d d kd g k gdkd. d D v B b kk k. ,Ek Y k B g b k - d? D k B, b kg ; Av kv b dk g b k. EkY, d M d Pd k d d ; k
Y z Av, b d, dbk Akdz v D d d gb. Bd, D, Avd d Bd b d d; d- b B d Av b -k kg b gk k. Dg k k b k k kz, B b z gb k k b, g B gd z z? , g dj d kd
gk d k ?B kk g zd k b cv v. B-
c, b c bkd, B b
z gb k gk, d Av ddz
-
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38 Yd Ld
c d kk kd b g b z-
k g d. B bc gc z, d-
k b kk b B d gz b
v k zk vd v b b zg dc
k . Ek Y v R b g
k gk b, Bdk k k
z v g Y-R k kd
gbzd.16
O d, b k kk Bdk
dv dkck. G dc d d v g-
k dz b db z b , B - z kd; b d b, b
d kzd v gz dd z z bk-
. B gk g dcd; b b
b d dk k g, gk
dc d gd. B g dc
bz d d; b z-
d gc bk gkdk d k. K
d d b dk bd d dd.Kk kd b B dv bg z,
zk v z k dk g . B gk
d Azz Ld ; k d g dc d
k g , k b kk (v, gk kk) v
d k . A bd z g d,
bc bk k gk -
kd. A b kk, d z gk-
. , z bd zkd. Bd, kd v k
k v z bz. b bkd v
d dd kk vbdk k d z b-
dk; z kd b, gk dkk
v b k, g , b d bkdk
kd, kk kkd d k bz.
B d, dkz (kk) d -
v b g k gd kb
16 Bkz. P Cg, Te Greeks (Oxd: Oxd Uv P, 2. b, 2002). B d,Y zg kvdz z kd v k kz d bcz; kk, d zdk k-k, c .
-
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39S
d b kb dd. Bz kd, kk d d-
kk v k, d d . A
b bk v d b b dc g,
b g d dk d d. , b
g d b d kvk. B , bk -
, kk gk v g k, b
bd k v cd k. B b -
kv kz, kkd bz bck
g v d kbcz bz; d b, bz
c b k d b k bz.
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