antónio pires dos santos - ibm
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© 2009 IBM Corporation
Smarter CitiesRealizing a Vision, today…
Antonio Pires Santos
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Topics
The world is changing...
Smarter Cities ... A System of Systems
IT for a Smarter City... examples
The Smarter City Operations Center
Future work...
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
The world is smaller and flatter.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
The reality of living in a globally integrated world is upon us.
Frozen credit markets and limited access to capital.
Economic downturn and future uncertainty.
Energy shortfalls and erratic commodity prices.
Information explosion and risk/opportunity growth.
Slowing superpowers and emerging economies.
Increasingly complex supply chains and empowered
consumers.
The world is connected:
economically, socially and technically.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
A mandate for change is a mandate for smart.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
The world is about to get
a whole lot smarter.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Our world is becoming
INSTRUMENTED
Our world is becoming
INTERCONNECTED
Virtually all things, processes and ways
of working are becoming
INTELLIGENT
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
INSTRUMENTEDWe now have the ability to
measure, sense and see the
exact condition of everything.
Everything will become
instrumented:
supply chains, healthcare
networks, cities and even natural
systems like rivers.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Some figures...
21 million telematics units were to be installed between 2008 and 2010 for fleet management purposes, as well as 27 million telemetry units for asset management, and six billion RFID tags for inventory and supply chain management.
A large fraction of the world’s four billion mobile telephones are in urban areas.
The number of mobile Internet devices reached 450 million in 2009 and is expected to reach 900 million by 2013
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Types of Instrumentation in a City
video surveillance cameras;
loop detectors embedded in roads;
RF identification (RFID) detectors for tolls on roads, bridges, and tunnels;
RFID detectors for payment systems for public transportation, parking, and other municipal services;
water-level monitors in sewers and other tunnels;
water-quality sensors;
instrumented fixed infrastructure such as levees, electrical distribution systems, and traffic management systems;
smart electric and water meters;
telematics systems on road and rail vehicles;
position-reporting systems based on the GPS on vehicles, including taxis, buses, and trucks;
GPS position-reporting systems in mobile telephones;
mobile telephone and public wireless local area network base stations.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Emerging areas of Instrumentation
Mobile telephones with cameras and video functions
Online social networking services such as YouTube and Facebook
video cameras and microphones to capture visual and acoustic signatures for the behavior of a system, such as an elevator
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
INTERCONNECTEDPeople, systems and objects
can communicate and interact
with each other in entirely
new ways.
The Internet of things — cars,
appliances, cameras,
roadways, pipeline,
pharmaceuticals and even
livestock — is headed to 1
trillion.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Possible configurations of sensing systems..
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Hierarchical model of the interconnection
of systems and services
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
INTELLIGENTWe can respond to changes quickly
and accurately, and get better
results by predicting and optimizing
for future events.
New computing models manage the
massive amounts of data generated
by the proliferation of end-user
devices, sensors, and actuators.
Combined with advanced analytics,
these technologies are making us
smarter.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
+ + =
An opportunity to think and act in new ways—
economically, socially and technically.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Topics
The world is changing...
Smarter Cities ... A System of Systems
IT for a Smarter City... examples
The Smarter City Operations Center
Future work...
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Smarter Cities
Connecting the physical infrastructure, the IT infrastructure, the social infrastructure, and the business infrastructure to leverage the collective intelligence of the city
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Why Smarter Cities? Why now?
Source: Various; IBM MI Analysis
Technological
Social/Demographic
Economic
Environmental
• The top 100 urban agglomerations currently account for 25% of worldwide GDP
• Developed world has underinvested in its cities; the developing world needs new urban infrastructure ($41T needed by 2030)
• Rise of ―new‖ cities (MASDAR, New Songho City, GIFT, KAEC, etc.)
• Global financial crisis is spurring government stimulus, creating new jobs
• At the end of 2008, 50% of the world population lived in a city
• Urban population will almost double between 2010-50 (to 6.4B!)
• 18 countries in the world with contracting populations (in 2050, 44)
• Asia will become 50% urban in next 15 years
• Rapid urbanization is creating high stresses for many Asian cities, in turn driving the construction of hundreds of new cities
• Convergence of pervasive digital networks, cheap sensors, cheap analytics
• There are over 4 billion mobile cellular subscribers in the world today (60% penetration)
• Location-based services and social networking continue to grow in capability and popularity
• IT has made it possible for global enterprises to operate anywhere in the world
• Drive for cities to cut carbon emissions and increase the energy they get from renewable sources
• There will be 1.2 billion cars on the road by 2015 (~1 car/6 people)
• 95% of the world's cities still dump raw sewage into their waters
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today… The digital foundation enables new approaches to urban
infrastructure services...
Intelligent Transportation
Systems
- Integrated Fare
Management
- Road Usage Charging
- Traffic Information
Management
Energy Management
- Network Monitoring & Stability
- Smart Grid – Demand
Management
- Intelligent Building Management
- Automated Meter Management
Environmental Management
- City-wide Measurements
- KPI’s
- CO2 Management
- Scorecards
- Reporting
Water Management
- Water purity monitoring
- Water use optimization
- Waste water treatment
optimization
Public Safety
- Integrated Emergency Services
- ―Weatherproofing‖
- Micro-Weather Forecasting
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
The system-of-systems approach...
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
... requires the following features:
An infrastructure that provides a flexible extensible modeling framework for defining and running multistep analytic simulations.
Autocalibration capabilities are required to enable this framework to be used by nonexpert modelers.
Visualization is a key element of the infrastructure, both to convey complex data effectively and to enable nonexpert users to make full use of the relevant features of the infrastructure.
Open standards must be the foundation for the modeling framework, making use of existing standards where appropriate.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
We’ve only just begun to uncover what is possible on
a smarter planet.
The world will continue to
become smaller, flatter
and smarter. We are
moving into the age of the
globally integrated and
intelligent economy,
society and planet.
The question is,
what will we do with it?
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Topics
The world is changing...
Smarter Cities ... A System of Systems
IT for a Smarter City... examples
The Smarter City Operations Center
Future work...
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
City services have several defining characteristics:
Physical systems based on thermodynamics and other physical principles- IT solutions take into account the underlying physical laws that
constrain the operation of the system and that are the basis for optimizing the operation.
Social systems based on the behavior of many individual inhabitants, - IT solutions take into account the operation and rights or privileges of
the users, as well as the mutability of their individual behaviors under various influences.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Physical
Social
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Social
Physical
Demand Management for Electrical Energy
Water supply and extreme water events
Demand balancing in urban roadways
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Demand Management for Electrical Energy
The Olympic Peninsula project
Intelligent Buildings
EDISON Project
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
29
The energy value chain will evolve
Solar
Wind
Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Solar
Nuclear
Wind
Energy Storage
Energy Storage
Energy Storage
UTILITY
Plug-in Vehicle
Consumer
Power Flow
Periodic Information Flow
Continuous Information Flow
Coal/Natural Gas
NuclearHydroelectric
UTILITY
TRADITIONAL
ENERGY VALUE CHAIN
TRANSFORMED
ENERGY VALUE CHAIN
Coal/Natural Gas
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
30
Participatory Network
A wide variety of grid and network technology evolve to enable shared responsibility, and
consumers’ strong interest in specific goals creates new markets (virtual and physical) and new
product demands, which balances benefits more equally between the consumers and utilities
CONSUMERS UTILITIES
Take advantage of variable
pricing by purchasing
electricity when it’s cheapest.
Generate their own
electricity and sell it
back to the grid.
Decrease carbon
emissions by choosing
clean electricity sources.
Automatically monitor
the health of the grid.
Remotely sense
damage to grid
assets and dispatch
repair crews.
Better predict demand
and manage supply
accordingly.
Energy Flow
Information Flow
With new capabilities to redefine the relationship between utilities and
end-users
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
31
IBM Portland General Electric
Olympic Peninsula
Pacific NW GridWise™ Test bed Projects
Whirlpool/Sears
#1
Pacific NW GridWise Test bed Participants
U.S. Dept of Energy
Bonneville Power Administration
Pacificorp
Portland General Electric
IBM
Whirlpool/Sears
Mason County PUD #3
Clallam County PUD #1
Pacific NW National Lab
Invensys
Preston Michie Associates
Dr. Lynne Kiesling, IFREE
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Objectives
Objective 1: Manage the transmission constraint on the
Olympic Peninsula.
Objective 2: Manage peak load on distribution feeders to avoid
the need for local capacity expansion.
Objective 3: Provide ancillary services, such as spinning and
non-spinning reserves, voltage support, and reducing cold-
load pickup, by delaying restart after an outage.
Objective 4: Minimize power purchases and maximize power
sales to wholesale markets in the Western Interconnection,
and minimizing a distribution utility’s peak demand charges
for power purchased from Bonneville Power Administration.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
33
Fixed CPP/
TODReal-
TimeContract
Offers
CPP/
TODContract
Accepted
Power Price
Load Behavior
Testing Market-based Customer Incentives
Customer
contract
choice
Virtual distribution feeder
(in software) as if all
resources co-located on
a single feeder
Real-time (5-min.)
market clearing ─
real cash deposits
& shadow billing
Real-time &
historical display
of resources,
costs, prices
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Adjusting the Thermostat Economy Profile
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Results
Reduce peak load on the grid by approximately 15 %
On average, consumers saved approx. 10% on electricity
bills.
Reduced peak loads by 50 %
Wide-scale adoption is more limited by regulation than by
technology
Wide-scale implementation can avoid construction of
about $70 B of new generation, transmission and
distribution assets.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Intelligent Buildings
2025
Worldwide, buildings
consume 42% of all
electricity —more than
any other asset.
42 percent
1/2Buildings lose as
much as 1/2 of the
water that flows into
them.
By 2025, buildings will
be the largest emitters
of greenhouse gasses
on our planet.
30 percentEnergy costs alone
represent about 30%
of an office building’s
total operating costs.
8 out of 10
All other things being equal,
8 out of 10 employees
would prefer to work in a
―green building‖.
59Regions worldwide with
pending or approved carbon
reduction mandates that
effect buildings.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
What are smarter buildings?Smarter Buildings are well managed integrated physical and digital infrastructures that provide
optimal occupancy services in a reliable, cost effective, and sustainable manner.
Smarter Buildings…
Are more cost effective by reducing
energy and operating costs.
Use active and designed-in techniques to
achieve efficiency and environmental
responsibility.
Have the ability to interact with occupants
inside them as well as the environment
around them.
Maintain a safer and more secure
workplace.
Communicate in real-time to supporting
infrastructure ( i.e. smart grid, broadband,
etc.).
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
FireFunctionality
checks,Detector service
WaterSmart Meters,
Use / Flow Sensing
HVACFans, Variable Air
Volume, Air Quality
ElevatorsMaintenance, Performance
Access/SecurityBadge in,
Cameras, IntegrationPerimeter, Doors, Floors, Occupancy
LightingOccupancy
Sensing
24/7 MonitoringCondition Monitoring, Parking Lot Utilization
EnergySmart Meters,
Demand response
How does a building become smarter?
Instrumentation of Building Systems
Community Services
Transportation, Traffic, Events
UtilitiesDemand Mgmt,
Cost Control
WeatherCurrent
Predictions
Emergency Services
Alerts, Actions
Commercial Potential
Advertisement
Integrated Building & Communications Services
Facilities M
anagement P
rocess Optim
izationIn
tegr
atio
n an
d in
tera
ctio
n w
ith w
ith E
xter
nalit
ies
PortfolioEstates Mgmt
OccupancySpace Mgmt
Waste MgmtTrash/Water/Recycle
ComplianceEnvironmental reports
Tenant ServicesHelp Desk
Asset MgmtLifecycle
Building ServicesMaintenance
Industry Specific Hospital, hotel, etc.
Energy UsePassive/Active
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Business problem: Design of an energy system for an entire
country that will support a large proportion of EVs, plugged into
an electric grid, in private homes or at charging stations in
company and public parking lots.
Challenge: How to maintain security of supply in an electric
grid that incorporates a high percentage of green, but
fluctuating wind energy and also has a significant number of
mobile EVs, which represent both a challenge and huge
storage/regulation potential.
Solution Approach: Development of management system to
control charging of cars in accordance with the availability of
wind energy while enabling optimal use of the electricity grid.
Develop simulation and prediction technologies.
IBM Research’s Role: Develop a simulation environment to
understand dynamics of EVs in the grid. Design and
implement algorithms for server side control when charging
EVs and using EVs as storage.
Electric vehicles in a distributed and integrated market
using sustainable energy and open network
2009 - 2011
40
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Work packages and tasks
The overall purpose of the EDISON
Workpackage 3 is the development of a
server-side management system to
control the charging of cars in accordance
with the availability of wind energy while
enabling optimal use of the electricity grid.
41
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
The vision of the EDISON project with 3D benefits for all of Denmark
42
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
The Initial Scenarios for the VPP integration software
43
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Scenario 1: Green energy-driven smart charging of electric vehicles
44
Source: https://vpp1.edison-net.dk/DemoDay.2010
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Scenario 2: Full V2G to help with power balance and local quality
45
Source: https://vpp1.edison-net.dk/DemoDay.2010
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Use case Grid connection at a public or shared charging station
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ibm_research_zurich/4882647022/in/set-72157622238483748/
•The EVPP’s operation is
based on market prices.
•The EVPP optimizes the
charging of vehicles without
limiting driving behavior.
•The EVPP adjusts its
optimization to local grid
constraints .
46
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Shaspa.com – Smart Buildings and Smart Electromobility - at home
47
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Use of in car Head Unit to support a (simulated) electronic vehicle charging process and
backend billing procedure
Enable the CAR to participate in smart cities …
Use USB Stick to
simulate vehicle to power
network plug-in
Engage IBM EDISON
Backend send User Input
and Battery Information
Release Power for
Smart Meter for charging
UMTS
Signal Charging Complete
IBM EDISON Backend
Billing Process
UMTS
Dashboard plug-in
48
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Systems for Energy Management
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Water supply and extreme water events
Water life cycle
Smart Bay project
Other projects...
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
51
Focus Areas within Water Life Cycle
1
1
1
Water Sources• How much water is available?
• What is the quality of the water?
• How secure is the water?
• How is the water changing over time?
• How is/should the water be mixed?
• Do we comply with regulations/water rights?
1
2
22
Modeling and forecasts•Feeds to modeling (Static and dynamic)
• Meteorological models
• Hydrological Models
• Groundwater protection
• Feeds to storm water management
• Alerts to municipalities/first responders
22
22
2
2
3
3
3
3
3 3
3
3
3
Metering Analytics• How is the water being used?
• When is the water being used?
• When patterns change dramatically,
what to do?
• When the sum of the parts is less than
the whole.. Where is the water going?
3
Combined Sewer Overflow• Was this truly an event?
• How large was it?
• What was the composition?
• Can the existing capacity be used better?
• How do I notify downstream entities?
• How do I coordinate upstream agencies?
• How can we backtrack to owners?
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Environmental Analytics• How is the environment changing?
• How do we notify interested parties as it
changes?
• How does the entire system react to
changes?
• How can we predict changes?
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Advanced Water Management Capabilities
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Smart Bay (Galway Bay, Ireland)
Sensor network monitors multiple dimensions of
water quality in Galway Bay
– Data is streamed and processed in real time
Integration with other data feeds (weather,
shipping etc)
Innovative user interface and advanced
visualization supporting multidisciplinary users
Benefits:
– Collaboration platform for multiple stakeholders
(coastguard, shipping, fish-farming, tourism,
agriculture, etc)
– Enables rapid response to water quality events
etc
– Enables system-wide response to climate
change, economic development etc
– Helping to identify sustainable business
models
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Key Features of SmartBay Platform
High performance / Low power data acquisition and transmission system
Large Power Capacity for multiple sensors, interchangeable components allowing easy integration of test sensors
Single, bridle, or multipoint moorings through the hull compartment
Robust construction - High stability in operation
Standard Wiring looms interoperable instrumentation
Spare capacity (power, RS232) for additional instruments via a generic connector
Variety of Communications Protocols GPRS/Satellite/VHF/Wimax/GSM
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Future evolution
A significant enhancement to SmartBay Galway is planned with the addition of a sub-sea floor cabled extension of 20km in length to support two undersea research nodes with 400V power and high speed communications via 10 pairs of optical fibres.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
California’s water – it’s complicated…!!
Climate
Change
Less snow,
more rain
Sea Level
Rise
Droughts
Air
Temperature
Rise
Ability to
manage
water
Water
Demand
Water
Availability
Groundwater
Contamination
Reliability of
Delta for water
conveyance
Flood/
surge
risk
Age of
levees
Risk of
levee
failure
Reliability of
Delta for
flood mgmt
Seismic
Risk
Agricultural
practices
Zoning &
permitting
issues
Lack of
pricing
signals
Population/
Urbanization
Operation
of Water
Rights
2
2
Social
attitudes
Energy
Needs
Fragmented
water resource
management
2
Missing/
fragmented
data
Political
effectiveness
5
Ecosystem
stress/need
4 4
Water
ExtractionSurface water
Contamination
3
1
1
Endangered
Species Act
6
6
Positive impact
Negative impact
3
4
3
3
Subsidence
7
7
This is at best a partial view of the issues and their linkages!
Infrastructure
Losses
New water
sources
GHG
goals
5
5
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Examples of how information and IT could help
Issue (from prev page) How IT could help
Missing/fragmented data Sensor networks (see below)
Application and data integration
Risk of levee failure Sensing for structural health – ―smart levees‖
Storm surge, topological models
High resolution weather forecasting
Fragmentation of water
resource management
―Collaboration platforms‖: enable agencies to share ―one version of the truth‖
Agricultural practices Precision irrigation
Run-off management sensing and systems
Ground water contamination Run-off management sensing and systems
Groundwater resource mapping
Surface water contamination,
water availability
Water flow and quality, run-off management sensing and systems
Land-use tools
Water accounting systems
Social attitudes, water pricing Smart metering for water (to enable differential pricing – and in Fresno and
Sacramento, pricing at all!)
Leakage, losses Smart metering
Leak detection and management systems
Climate change Downscaled climate models
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Sonoma County Water Agency
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
SCWA Project overview
A management system for the transmission pipeline that integrates continuous information on flows, tank levels, and pumping activity.
A Russian River ―console‖, showing the status of the Russian River: its flow, depth, aspects of its water quality, extraction levels, and ecosystem health indicators.
In the longer term, a water accounting system that tracks all ―puts‖ and ―takes‖ from each water resource (including the four groundwater basins) to provide a continuous picture of the status of all resources in the area.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Systems for Water Management
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Demand balancing in urban roadways
Stockholm
London
NeverBlocked tool
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Objectives for the Stockholm Trial project
Reduce congestion – reduce traffic volume by 10 – 15 %
during rush hour
To improve accessibility for buses and cars in the inner city
Improve the environment
Improved Public Transport
Services
New Park & Ride
Congestion Charges
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Charging Schemes Design
Charging rules- Charges in and out of the city centre
- Car owner is responsible for paying
Exempted traffic - To and from the Lidingö island (8%)
- Taxis (8%)
- Environmental vehicles (3%)
- Buses over 14 tons (2%)
- Vehicles with disability permits (2%)
- Foreign cars (1%)
- Emergency vehicles (0%)
- Motorcycles
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
The technical system
2
Information is matched with
registered vehicle. Fee is
added to the owner’s account
Call-centre operations
The gateway registers the vehicle
A
1 Picture is taken of the
vehicle’s licence plate.
ABC 123
B
3 Way of payment
• Direct debit
• Bank/Giro
• 7-eleven/ Pressbyrån
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
To separate domestic and international vehicles and identify the vehicle
(owner) by camera was a challenge
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Stockholm Congestion Tax Solution
All expectations were exceeded!
24% reduction of passages across the cordon!
Improvements also for non car users
40,000 new daily public transport passengers
Increased effeciency in the public buss transport operation
Taxi drivers increased revenue by 10-20%
Emission reduced by 12-14% in the City Centre
Inner city retailers not negatively effected
Attitudes has changed from negative to positive
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Why is the Stockholm project a success?
Policy and scheme design
The clear defined objective was
exceeded
The charging scheme was simple and
fair
The impact was visible for everyone
and well communicated
Technical system
The system worked from day one
Very low number of errors generated
by the system
Well managed procurement process
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
London Congestion Charging Key Features of the System Redesigned by IBM
2 year design and build phase, 5
year operate phase, with options to
extend- Switch over from current system in Nov 2009
Roadside Infrastructure procured
separately
Transport for London expects to
achieve- Future flexibility
- Scalability
- Reduce operational costs
Key features of new system - Account based
- Multiple payment channels
- Variable pricing
Will be designed to allow for
scaling to 30 times current
volumes (180,000
transactions per day)
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Over 180,000 vehicles charged each day through multiple channels
Gross revenues to TfL, over £250m/annum
Client’s challenges- Future flexibility
- Scalability
- Reduce operational costs
IBM replaced Capita as the provider of the Business Operations and Enforcement Operations managed services – Nov 2009
2 year design and build with 5 year operate
London Congestion Charging Scheme/deal background
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Roadside
System
Central System
Vehicle
Identification
Enterprise Service Bus
Interoperability EnforcementFinancial
System
Internet
Web Portal
Intranet
Web Portal/
CRM System
Exte
rnal In
teg
rati
on
Contact Center
Call Routing/
IVR
Credit/Debit
Card
Collection
Agency
Vehicle registry
Databases
Customers
IBM Payment
Systems
Business
Operations
Interoperability
Exchange
Existing
Operators
Tag Distribution
NCTA
ACH/E-checkRetail (1) Banks
Print/Scan
FulfillmentRating &
Charging
Management
Information
System
Exte
rnal In
teg
rati
on
London Congestion Charging Road User Charging Solution Overview – Scope of London reference
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
1960s
Inductive-loop detector
1970s
Video image processor
1990s
GPS-based floating car
After 2000
Mobile phones as traffic probes
1920s
Auto traffic signal
• High spatial coverage
• Cost effectiveness
• Network-wide info.
• 24x7 availability
• Weather insensitive
• Rich traffic data
• High flexibility
• Network-wide info
• Enlarged coverage
• Increased flexibility
• Rich traffic data
through XFCDAccuracy & reliability
• Multiple lanes and
zones monitoring
• Rich traffic data
• Flexibility
Measuring traffic with sensor technology:
Evolution Path
Slide Source: IBM Research – China
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
71
Mobility Data Analysis Can Enable Lots of Smart City Applications
Core idea
Enable live traffic information and mobility
related smart city applications through
analyzing anonymous mobility data collected
from telecomm networks with low cost and high
coverage.
Enabled applications
Real-time traffic speed estimation
Real-time incident detection
Urban/transport planning
Quick emergency response
Customer-aware smart travel
… …
Sense people’s mobility from telecomm. networks
(userID, time, cellID, in)
(userID, time, cellID, out)
(userID, time, cellID, X, Y)
Traffic speed Incident City hotness People’s
movement trendSlide Source: IBM Research – China
Novel Methods- Mobile calling patterns
- Road acoustics
- People as sensors
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
72
Available Mobility Data
1. Passive collection:
LU (Location Update)
Location Area Dimension:
3~10km
Continuous comm. behaviors
(SMS/MMS/Call) and HO (Handover)
Location Area Dimension: 100m~2km
on-call phonesstandby phones
2. Active collection:
Positioning TechniquesAccuracy: 50~200m
3. GPS Enabled Phones:
Accuracy: 5~30m
Network Based Terminal Based
Need to upload the Data
Power Consumption Issue
4. Other Software Installed:
Accuracy: 50m~2km
Network Overhead
Slide Source: IBM Research – China
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
73
Solution Architecture
IBM NeverBlocked System
Spatiotemporal Engine
Applications
Map
matching
Trajectory reconstruction
Trajectory data filtering
GIS
data
Mobility Data Miner
Statistics (speed, direction, O-D, density, etc)
Data mining (patterns, categories, similarities, relation,
etc)
Expressway
traffic
monitoring
Traffic
incident
detection
Hotness
identification
Mobility Data Aggregator
Localization engine
Data cleansing
Data aggregation
(GPS data, cellular data, floating car data, etc)
Base
station
controller
(BSC)
Mobile switching
center (MSC)User ID and
location files
cellular network
Anonymization
Base
station
Components Description
Mobility Data
Aggregator
Interface to the telecom network. Responsible
for data collection, cleansing, format
conversion and fusion.
Spatiotemporal
EngineResponsible for data storage and match the
spatiotemporal data to map according to GIS
information.
Mobility Data MinerData statistics, pattern recognition and
mining for the spatiotemporal data
Applications
Potential applications including real time
traffic monitoring and off-line traffic data
analysis.
Floating Car Data
Slide Source: IBM Research – China
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Systems for traffic management
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Other areas...
Health
Security
Environment
Education
Tourism
Local Government
........
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Topics
The world is changing...
Smarter Cities ... A System of Systems
IT for a Smarter City... examples
The Smarter City Operations Center
Future work...
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
City Operations Center
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
The City Operations Center facilitates viewing and management of
the city as a single system.
Visualization- provide easy to use, Web-based one-stop shopping portals to
information, events, and overall status of the city.
Information Services- Information forwarded to the CCC is collected and organized for
analysis by city managers and for real-time monitoring.
Data Integration- provides a mediation layer to facilitate the information exchange
between the solution and underlying operational systems.
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Visualization
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Data integration
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Topics
The world is changing...
Smarter Cities ... A System of Systems
IT for a Smarter City... examples
The Smarter City Operations Center
Future work...
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Future Work
Physical Social
© 2010 IBM Corporation
Smarter Cities – Realizing a Vision, today…
Standards- finish the job of establishing open data standards
for Utilities systems
Smart systems by design- Plan for interconnectivity, intelligence, adaptability
and security.
More collaboration- a diverse, multi-stakeholder world requires all
parties working closely together on a daily basis.
Policy and ethics- come together to forge a new policy framework
that protects the individual’s privacy and the
community’s and nation’s security.
What do we need ?
top related