“the troubles:” conflict in northern irelandw3.salemstate.edu/~cmauriello/course...
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“The Troubles:” Conflict in Northern Ireland
I. Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland
II. Civil War, Partition and ConflictIII. A Peace Process?
The Troubles in Northern Ireland
• One of the most intractable international issues facing modern history.
• Class, race, religious identities in conflict.
• Deep historical and generational roots.
• U.S. has interests due to its Irish roots.
Northern Ireland and Ireland
Long History, Long Hatreds• 1170-1900: Increasing Protestant
British colonialism and rule in primarily Catholic Ireland.
• 1801: Act of Union. Ireland officially united with England.
• 1845-1849: Irish Famine. 1 million die, 1.5 million emigrate.
• 1858 Irish Republican Brotherhood forms to resist English and create a “Free Irish State”
Religious Divisions in Northern Ireland
Irish History
•
Irish History: The Famine, 1845-49
•
Civil War, Partition and Conflict
• Home Rule Bill for Ireland. Sinn Fein (political)• Prostestants in northern part of Ireland (Ulster) resist and
form Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)• 1916: Easter Rising• 1918 Sinn Fein wins election and create own parliament • 1920: Black and Tan forces fight with Irish Volunteers.• 1920: British partitions Ireland into Northern Ireland and
Republic of Ireland. • 1921: Anglo Irish Treaty formalizes partition• 1922-23: Civil War between North and South. Violence on
both sides.
Violence and Civil War
Violence and Civil War
Civil War
Issues in the Northern Ireland Conflict
Catholic• Want to unite with
Republic of Ireland in south.
• British government and army continue colonial control.
• Catholic majority should have will.
• Catholics live second class existence in north.
• Want to share in prosperity of the Republic.
Protestant• Want to maintain separate
N. Ireland.• Unification with Republic
will make Protestants a minority in a Catholic nation.
• British army protecting Protestants from terrorist IRA.
• Catholics can leave to go south
Bloody Sunday and Beyond
• 1939-67: Relative calm.• 1968: Protest violation of
Civil Rights of Catholics.• Violence escalates on both
sides• 1972: “Bloody Sunday.”• 1972: Direct British rule
with army.• 1985 and 1996: Peace
Plans.
“The Troubles”Images
“Bloody Sunday, 1972”
Derry, NI
I.R.A.
I.R.A.
Cycles of Violence
Cycles of Violence
“Parade Season”
“Parade Season”
The Troubles
The Troubles
West Belfast, 2004
Stormont Castle-NI Assembly
Easter Accords, 1996
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