ap biology 2009-2010 cells & cell organelles doing lifes work
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AP Biology 2009-2010
Cells & Cell Organelles
Doing Life’s Work
Regents Biology
bacteriacells
bacteriacellsTypes of cells
animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells
Prokaryote______________
Eukaryotes______________
Regents Biology
Cell size comparison
Bacterial cell
Animal cell
micron = micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter diameter of human hair = ~20 microns
most bacteria 1-10 microns
eukaryotic cells 10-100 microns
Regents Biology
Why study cells? Cells Tissues Organs Bodies
_____________________________ _____________________________
Regents Biology
What jobs do cells have to do for an organism to live… “breathe”
_______________________________ ____________________________
take in & digest food ____________________________
ATP ____________________________
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids ____________________________ ____________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
growth, repair, reproduction & development
The Work of Life
ATP
Regents Biology
Cells have 3 main jobs ____________________
need energy for all activities need to clean up waste produced
while making energy ____________________
proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them
____________________ for growth to replace damaged or diseased cells
The Jobs of Cells
Our organellesdo all these
jobs!
Regents Biology
Organelles Organelles do the work of cells
each structure has a job to do keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive
Model Animal Cell
They’re likemini-organs!
Regents Biology
1. Cells need power! Making energy
to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must… take in food & digest it take in oxygen (O2)
make ATP remove waste
organelles that do this work… ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________
ATP
Regents Biology
Cell membrane Function
_______________________________ _______________________________
O2,CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste _______________________________
allows communication between cells
Structure double layer of fat
______________________ ______________________
______________________
lipid “tail”
phosphate“head”
Regents Biology
Vacuoles & vesicles Function
________________________________
________________
Structure membrane sac
small foodparticle
vesicle
vacuole filled w/ digestive enzymes
vesicle filled w/ digested nutrients
Regents Biology
Food & water storage
plant cellsplant cells
contractilevacuole
contractilevacuole
animal cellsanimal cells
central vacuole central vacuole
food vacuole food vacuole
Regents Biology
Lysosomes Function
________________ used to make energy
________________ digest broken
organelles
Structure membrane sac of
digestive enzymes
small foodparticle
vacuole
digesting food
digesting brokenorganelles
Regents Biology
A Job for Lysosomes
15 weeks
6 weeks
Regents Biology
Function ____________________________________
sugar + O2 ATP fuels the work of life
Structure double membrane
Mitochondria
in both animal & plant cellsin both animal & plant cells
ATP
Regents Biology
________________________ make energy from sugar
______________________ sugar ATP
________________________ make energy + sugar from sunlight
______________________
sunlight ATP & sugar ATP = active energy sugar = stored energy
build leaves & roots & fruit out of sugars
Plants make energy two ways!
ATP
sugar
ATPATP
Regents Biology
Mitochondria are in both cells!!
animal cellsanimal cells plant cellsplant cells
mitochondriamitochondriachloroplastchloroplast
Regents Biology
2. Cells need workers = proteins! Making proteins
to run daily life & growth, the cell must… read genes (DNA) build proteins
structural proteins (muscle fibers) enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) signals (hormones) & receptors
organelles that do this work… __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________
Regents Biology
Proteins do all the work!
cellsDNA proteins
one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,because…
one of the major job of cells is to make proteins,because…
proteins do all the work!proteins do all the work!
signals
structural
enzymes
receptors
Regents Biology
Nucleus Function
control center of cell protects DNA
instructions for building proteins
Structure __________________________ __________________________
ribosome factory __________________________
DNA
Regents Biology
Ribosomes on ER
Ribosomes Function
__________________________ read instructions to build proteins from DNA
Structure some free in cytoplasm some attached to ER
Regents Biology
Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
__________________ helps complete the
proteins after ribosome builds them
__________________ Structure
__________________ ribosomes attached works on proteins
__________________ makes membranes
Regents Biology transport vesicles
vesiclescarrying proteins
Function ____________________________________
like UPS headquarters shipping & receiving department
____________________________________ “UPS trucks”
Structure membrane sacs
Golgi Apparatus
Regents Biology
_______
_______
_____________
__________________________
_____________
_____________ _____________
vesicle
proteinon its way!
_____________finishedprotein
Making Proteins
TO:
TO:
TO:
TO:
_____________
Regents Biology
Cells need to make more cells! Making more cells
to repair & reproduce, the cell must… copy their DNA make extra organelles
divide the new DNA & new organelles between 2 new “daughter” cells
organelles that do this work… ____________________ ____________________
Regents Biology
Centrioles Function
__________________________ Structure
one pair in each cell
Regents Biology
Cells have 3 main jobs ___________________
need food + O2
cellular respiration & photosynthesis need to remove wastes
___________________ need instructions from DNA need to chain together amino acids & “finish” &
“ship” the protein ___________________
need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells
Cell Summary
Our organellesdo all those
jobs!
AP Biology 2009-2010
That’s mycellular story…
Any Questions?
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