application types variable torque constant torque

Application Types

• Variable Torque

• Constant Torque

Variable Torque

Affinity Laws:

• Flow is proportional to speed.

(Flow1 / Flow2) = (RPM1)/(RPM2)

• Pressure is proportional to the square of the speed.

(Press1 / Press2) = (RPM1)2 / (RPM2)2

• HP is proportional to the cube of the speed.

(HP1 / HP2) = (RPM1 )3/ (RPM2)3

Variable Torque Curve

Variable Torque Curve

60 120

200%

100%

63%

To

rqu

e(T

ypic

al)

Continuous torquecapability

Speed in Hertz

Region of continuousoperation

Region of intermittentoperation

Peak torquecapability

Load torqueRequirement

Variable Torque - Flow

Flow is proportional to speed.(Flow1 / Flow2) = (RPM1) / (RPM2)

Flow RPM Second SecondGallons/min RPM Flow

10000 1800 900 5000.00

Variable Torque - Pressure

Pressure is proportional to the

square of the speed.

(Press1 / Press2) = (RPM1)2 / (RPM2)2

Pressure RPM Second SecondLb/sq. in RPM Pressure (lb/sq. in)

1000 1800 3600 4000

Variable Torque - HP

HP is proportional to the cube of the speed.

(HP1 / HP2) = (RPM1)3 / (RPM2)3

Horsepower RPM Second Second RPM Horsepower

10 1800 3600 80.00

RPM 1750 RPM 1750 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 900HP 30.0 HP 30.0 22.9 18.9 15.4 12.3 9.7 4.1Eff 88% Eff 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89%PF 90% PF 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97%Amps 35.47 Amps 32.54 24.87 20.49 16.66 13.34 10.49 4.43Volts 460 Volts 460 460 460 460 460 460 460kW 25.43 kW 25.15 19.22 15.84 12.87 10.31 8.11 3.42Rate / Hr 0.06 Rate / Hr 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.0624 Hrs 36.62$ 24 Hrs 36.21$ 27.67$ 22.80$ 18.54$ 14.84$ 11.68$ 4.93$ Annual Cost 13,366.96$ Annual Cost 13,217$ 10,101$ 8,323$ 6,767$ 5,418$ 4,261$ 1,798$

Hrs 3 6 1.5 9 3 1.5 HP2 = HP1 x ( RPM2/RPM1)3

% speed 60% 100% 75% 80% 80% 90% kW = (E x I x PF x 1.732) / 1000RPM 1050 1750 1312.5 1400 1400 1575 Amps = (746 x HP) /(1.732 x E x Eff x PF)HP 6.48 30.00 12.66 15.36 15.36 21.87 Kw / Hr Rate 0.06$ Eff 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% 89% Voltage 460PF 97% 97% 97% 97% 97% 97%Amps 7.03 32.54 13.73 16.66 16.66 23.72Volts 460 460 460 460 460 460kW 16.29 150.88 15.91 115.87 38.62 27.50 kWRate / Hr 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Rate / HrTotal 0.98$ 9.05$ 0.95$ 6.95$ 2.32$ 1.65$ 24 Hrs

Annual Cost 357$ 3,304$ 348$ 2,538$ 846$ 602$ Annual Cost

Energy Savings Using VFD'sVFDMotor

21.90$ 7,995.00$

Operating Costs Formulas

Totals365.080.06

Energy Savings Using VFD’s

Variable Torque Applications

• Irrigation Water Pumps• Downhole Water Pumps• Submersible Water

Pumps• Domestic Water Pumps• Centrifugal Sewage

Treatment Pumps

• Centrifugal Fans• Blowers• Air Handling Units• Chillers

Types of Three Phase AC Motors used on Pumps

Horizontal foot mounted Close coupledBelt drivenGear reducer

VerticalHollow shaftSolid shaft

Submersible

Available in NEMA MG1 Part 30

&NEMA MG1 Part 31

Specialized winding process

Available in NEMA MG1 Part 30 only

Single Phase Motor

Cannot be used with a VFD

IMPORTANT

NOTICE!!!!!

Single Phase Motors

Three Phase Motorwith THREE Phase Input

VFD is sized by the

Full Load Amperage

of the motor.

L1

L2

L3

T1

T2

T3

Three Phase Motorwith SINGLE Phase Input

VFD is sized by the

Full Load Amperage

of the motor multiplied by 1.7

eg. For a 10HP motor with a FLA of 12 amps.

The VFD size would be

12 x 1.7 = 20.4 amps

Output Voltage is

the same as Input

Voltage.

T1

T2

T3

L1

L2

Pump Packaging Options

• Reactors line and load, Harmonic Filters, Sine Wave DV/DT Filters

• Disconnect, fusible or non-fusible• Bypass system, Cam Switch, 2 contactor,

3 contactor• Serial communication HVAC protocols• Standard and custom door mounted controls; any

combination• Pre-engineered packages

– Nema 1, Nema 12, Sprinkler Proof and Nema 3R• Custom engineered packages

Bypass Package Nema 3R

• Options– OPE Keypad– Fusible disconnect– 3 Contactor Bypass– Line Reactor– Load Reactor– Forced Air

Ventilation

Pump Packages

• Standard Enclosure Options:– Nema 1– Nema 12– Nema 3R– Sprinkler Proof– Wall Mount– Floor Mount

WELLMAX

• A USER FRIENDLY GRAPHICAL TOUCH SCREEN LCD with sensible wording for easy operation.Displays historical data of TORQUE, AMPS, and RPM (standard).You can zoom in & out to examine any data point of interest.

• An optional memory card will CONSTANTLY STORE DATA, which can be retrieved by the user.

• An optional four inch printer will be available for on the site printing of information.

• PUMPOFF CONTROL features will prolong the life of the pump by monitoring and maintaining an approximate FLUID LEVEL.SERIAL port available for COMMUNICATION. Optional interface available for MODBUS protocols.

• Option - A LOW COST SATELLITE COMMUNICATION link, which allows Internet viewing of 10 points of information as well as voice call out ability on alarm situations for $6 per day.

WELLMAXCONTROLLER

PUMPOFF CONTROLLER

Constant Torque Curve

Constant Torque

• Torque remains constant up to the motor base speed.

• HP is proportional to the speed.

Constant Torque Applications

• Conveyors• Compressors• Positive Displacement Pumps• Crushers• Mixers• Etc.

Positive Displacement Pumps

Constant Torque Load

60 100

200%

100%

63%

To

rqu

e(T

ypic

al)

Continuous torquecapability

Speed in Hertz

Region of continuouso eration

Region of in term ittenoperation

Load torquerequirem ent

Region of interm ittentoperation

Peak torquecapability

60 100

200%

100%

63%

To

rqu

e(T

ypic

al)

Continuous torquecapability

Speed in Hertz

egion of continuousperation

Region of in term ittentoperation

Load torquerequirem ent

Region of interm ittentoperation

Peak torquecapability

Constant Power Load

60 100

200%

100%

63%

Field weakening region

Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capability T

orq

ue

(Typ

ical

)

Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling

Speed in Hertz60 100

200%

100%

63%

Field weakening region

Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capability T

orq

ue

(Typ

ical

)

Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling

Speed in Hertz

Region of continuousoperation

Region of intermittentoperation

Load torquerequirement

Torque Derating Due to Motor Cooling

60 100

200%

100%

63%

Field weakening region

Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capabilityT

orq

ue

(Ty

pic

al)

Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling

Speed in Hertz60 100

200%

100%

63%

Field weakening region

Peak torque capabilityprovided that the ACdrive has adequateoverload capabilityT

orq

ue

(Ty

pic

al)

Continuous torquecapability limitedby motor cooling

Speed in Hertz

Torque Curve Below & Above 60 Hz, Constant Torque V/F Ratio

Application Considerations • Motor voltage, HP & FLA

specifications• Load type, constant or variable torque• Control system requirements

Serial communication protocolAnalog and digital input and outputs

• Harmonic considerations• Nuisance tripping concerns• Motor insulation protection• Line & load filter options