applications of remote sensing and gis for urban (1)

APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING

Presented to: Bushra Khalid

Lecturer

Department of Environmental Sciences

International Islamic University, Islamabad

PRESENTED BY:

•AYESHA SYED•MARYUM MUSHTAQ •MIDHAT JAMAL •TAYYABA SANA

REMOTE SENSING

Remote sensing uses various instruments to obtain information about an object

Remote-sensing systems provide a repetitive and consistent view of Earth

URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS

Traffic monitoring and management

Highway designing

Solid waste managem-ent

Waste water manage-ment

Urban growth & land cover

Estimating energy demand

Air pollution studies

Forestry

Meteorology

Flood disaster management

TRAFFIC MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT

Transportation is the flow of people and goods between geographically separated locations.

Airborne and satellite platforms offer the potential:

to obtain wide spatial coverage to monitor regional spatial transportation flow

conditions

TRACKING FOUR MOVING VEHICLES

APPLICATIONS IN HIGHWAY DESIGNING

Road designing depends on various factors: socio-economic criteria, demographic analysis, landuse / landcover pattern, topography, etc. location of a line is the most important criteria in

terms of Geo-referenced Physiographic configuration

Geoinformation provide vital information regarding;• vulnerable land units for geotechnical adjustment •social adaptations along the Highway route

APPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Remote sensing data can help in; Identification of garbage dumping sites Monitoring the changes in land use Taking immediate action for sanitation

and maintenance of hotspots Allowing municipal authorities to

manage the waste especially in hotspots.

APPLICATION IN WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Automated mapping can facilitate to manage

the right ways for waste water pipelines. Remote Sensing can help; to produce reliable and efficient land cover

maps to build a waste treatment plant at a best suitable location.

to compute and map incidence for epidemiologists

to study the temporal and spatial distributions of disease or arthropod vectors.

to calculate social, urban, or demographic parameters relevant to epidemiologic studies

APPLICATION IN URBAN GROWTH MONITORING AND LAND COVER The use of remote sensing for demographic studies allows urban growth monitoring, in qualitative and quantitative terms, at low cost and with regular updating.

Remote sensing technique is very useful in identification, classification and mapping of the land use units like:

Forest, Cultivated Land, Cropped Land, Plantation, Fallow Land,

Grazing or Range Land, Waste Land,Rocky waste, Gullied Land, Water bodies (Rivers, Lake/Ponds)

APPLICATION IN URBAN GROWTH MONITORING AND LAND COVER

APPLICATION IN ESTIMATING ENERGY DEMAND

Remote sensing help; To estimate the utilization rate of

various form energy To estimate solar photovoltaic energy

potential To find out if renewable energy

recourses are preferable for the particular site in a city

APPLICATION IN AIR POLLUTION STUDIES Remote sensing help to carry out atmospheric

studies; air pollutant measurements, pollutant dispersion modelling; air quality assessment, particulate matter concentrations aerosol optical thickness (AOT); tropospheric

ozone concentration as well as stratospheric ozone layer depletion

Satellites, through its unique synoptic spatial capabilities, could contribute to the comparison of urban air quality information at regional, continental and international levels.

APPLICATIONS IN FORESTRY Geospatial technology aids foresters in

the acquisition of the data that is necessary to further research, manage, and recover present and future conditions of the global forests.

SATELLITE VIEW OF PIKE NATIONAL FOREST, COLORADO

SATELLITE VIEW OF COPPER MOUNTAIN SKI RESORT, COLORADO

APPLICATION IN METEOROLOGY

Remote sensing can help to monitor weather parameter through sophisticated air borne and ground based systems.

The remote sensing imagery is used to monitor;

moisture in the atmosphere, cloud cover, wind patterns, temperature, cyclonic activity in the oceans, ocean currents, flood disaster monitoring etc.

APPLICATION IN METEOROLOGY

APPLICATION IN METEOROLOGY

APPLICATIONS IN FLOOD DISASTER MONITORING Remote sensing is helping the floodplain

managers to create accurate and current floodplain maps

Floodplain maps are the key to better floodplain management.

APPLICATIONS IN FLOOD DISASTER MONITORING

Infrared aerial photographs showing flooding and its after effects (a) scale 1:9000 (b) june 30th

(c) july 22nd (d) august 11th

SATELLITES FOR URBAN AND REGIONAL

PLANNING Navstar satellites (Navigation

Satellite) Meteosat (Weather Satellite) Cospas-Sarsat (Search and Rescue

Satellite) Radarsat

WETLAND MAPPING

WETLAND Wetlands contribute to a healthy

environment

IMPORTANCE: water regulators feeding, breeding, drinking areas for wildlife stopping place and refuge for

waterfowl species diversity recreation tourism purposes

FOUR PRINCIPAL AGENCIES INVOLVED

WITH WETLAND At federal level in United States, four

principal agencies are involved with wetland identification and delineation:

Environmental Protection Agency(Concern with water quality)

Army Corps of Engineers(Concern with navigable water issues related to wetlands)

Natural Resources Conservation Service(Concern with Identifying and mapping wetlands)

Fish and Wildlife Service(concern with use of wetlands for wildlife habitat)

WETLANDS IMAGE INTERPRETATION

Color infrared photography: Preferred film type for wetlands

image interpretation. Provides interpreters with a high

level of contrast in image tone and color between

wetland and non-wetland environments,

moist soil spectral reflectance patterns contrast more distinctively with less moist soils on color infrared film

WETLANDS IMAGE INTERPRETATION

Other multiband image types can also be used, but should include at least one visible band and one near infrared band.

Useful for wetland boundary extraction/delineation

Useful for wetland vegetation & open water features

Useful for qualitative turbidity delineation

Various combinations of spectral bands used to

identify wetland components

WETLAND INVENTORY: At federal level, U.S Fish and

Wildlife Service is responsible for a National Wetland Inventory (NWI) that provides current geospatially referenced information on:

Status Extent Characteristics functions of wetland and related

aquatic habitats

NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY PURPOSE

To promote the understanding and conservation of wetland,

riparian, deepwater, and related aquatic habitats

NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY GOALS

1. Strategic updating of maps in areas of United States

2. Analyzing changes and trends to wetlands and other aquatic habitats

3. Analyzing and disseminating resource information to improve identification of threats and risks to important wetlands and aquatic habitats

Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge

Niger River in Mali

Fortescue Marshes in Western Australia

SATELLITES FOR WETLAND MAPPING

IKONOS LiDAR

WILDLIFE ECOLOGY APPLICATIONS

WILDLIFE ECOLOGY APPLICATIONS

Wildlife  Wildlife refers to animals that live in:

wild, undomesticated state.

WILDLIFE ECOLOGY

 It is concerned with the interactions between wildlife and their environment

Two aspects of wildlife ecology for which visual image interpretation can provide useful information are;

Wildlife habitat mapping Wildlife censusing

WILDLIFE HABITAT  Image interpretation techniques

for:• mapping land cover,• soils, • forests, • Wetlands• water resources are applicable to wildlife habitat

analysis

WILDLIFE CENSUSING 

Aerial visual observations involve attempting to count the number of individuals of a species

Vertical aerial photography has been the best method of accurately censusing wildlife populations

WILDLIFE CENSUSING Aerial photographs provide a

permanent record Prolonged study of photographs

may reveal information that could not have been otherwise understood

Transparent grid overlays are often used for counting individual animals on aerial images, when large numbers are present.

Large group of snow geese on water (scale 1:1000)

large group of beluga whales northern Canada (a)1:2400 (b) 1:800

ANY QUERIES?