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A P U S H - S P I C O N A R D I
RECONSTRUCTION
MAJOR QUESTIONS
• How should the South be rebuilt?• How should states that
seceded be reintegrated?• How should former slaves be
integrated into the reunified nation?
???
LINCOLN’S PLAN
• Reconciliation and Reunion• Rebellious states could
return to the Union when • 10 percent of it voters took an
oath of loyalty• The state approved the
Thirteenth Amendment• Confederate States would reject
this plan
• Lincoln was willing to pardon all the but the highest-ranking military and civilian leaders of the Confederacy
WADE-DAVIS BILL
• Congress proposed a tougher plan, the Wade-Davis Bill• Confederate States could rejoin
the Union when• A majority of each state’s white
males pledged allegiance to the Union
• A new state government was formed by Southerners who had not taken arms against the Union
• Permanent disenfranchisement of Confederate leaders
• Lincoln pocket vetoes the bill
LINCOLN ASSASSINATED
ANDREW JOHNSON
• President Johnson was a loyal Tennessee senator at the outbreak of the war• Fancied himself a “common
man”• Supported by farmers and
laborers• Hated southern aristocracy
• Offers his reconstruction plan, which is dubbed “Presidential Reconstruction” (1865 – 1867)
ANDREW JOHNSON
• Presidential Reconstruction• Pardoned nearly all white
southerners who took an oath of allegiance• Only Confederate leaders
and planters whose property had been valued at $20,000 or more were excluded• However, if they personally
asked for a presidential pardon, Johnson obliged
• Johnson appointed governors to oversee state conventions that were establishing new loyal state governments
RADICAL REPUBLICANS
Thaddeus Stevens
• Three Radical Republican Policies
Andrew Johnson
• Johnson’s Reaction to Radical Republican Policies
The whole fabric of southern society must be changed. Without this, this Government can never be, as it has never been, a true republic.
BLACK CODES
• Black Codes laws passed by southern state legislatures to restrict the rights of former slaves and continue white hegemony
• Examples:• Blacks could not testify against
whites in court• Blacks could not serve on juries• Blacks not allowed to vote• Blacks had to work on plantations• Black laborers who did not sign one
year contracts could be arrested and hired out to white landowners
* The Civil Rights Act of 1866 would bring an end to many black codes
FREEDMEN’S BUREAU
• Freedmen’s Bureau• Reconstruction
agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning
• Investigated abuses by the South towards blacks
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