arachnid a

Oleh :

Rini Pratiwi NIM 20112508042

BKU Parasitologi Kedokteran

Program Studi Ilmu Biomedik FK Unsri

ORDO ARANEA• Laba2, Spider

ORDO SCORPIONIDA• Kalajengking, Scorpion

ORDO ACARINA• Sengkenit (Tick), Tungau (Mite)

• Mouthparts disebut chelicerae• Most contain venom• Antennae tidak ada• 4 pasang kaki• Book lungs untuk respirasi

Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis

Ronald F. BillingsTexas Forest Servicewww.forestryimages.org

Yellow Garden Spider,Argiope aurantiaScott Bauer, USDA Agricultural

Research Service, www.insectimages.org

• Bagian tubuh : cephalothorax, abdomen • Fangs (chelicerae), most are venomous• Kebanyakan mereka tidak berbahaya• Membuat jaring-jaring• Most have poor eyesight, hairs compensate for it (jumping spiders are an exception)• Potentially dangerous spiders (bites are

uncommon): Brown recluse spider, Black widow spider David Cappaert, www.insectimages.org

Jumping Spider, Phidippus audax

David Keith, Department of EntomologyUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln

Crab Spider,Misumenoides

formosipes

Wolf Spider,Lycosa carolinensis

James O. Howell, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org

• One apparent bodyregion.

• Abdomen andcephalothorax short.

• Common and harmless.• Nocturnal. • Feed on detritus, fruit,

or other animals.

Leiobunum sp.Joseph Berger, www.insectimages.org

Peranan dalam ilmu Kedokteran• Arachnidisme (sistemik atau nekrotik)

Species-spesies :• Tarantula spp• Latrodectus spp• Loxosceles spp

Tarantula spp• Entomofobia• Beracun tdk berbahaya

Latrodectus spp• AS, Eropa, Afrika, Asia, Australia• L. mactans (black widow spider)• Betina 13 mm, jantan 6 mm

• Racun neurotoksik, kematian oleh Paralysis pernafasan• Th spesifik (-), tourniquet, antivenin

Loxosceles spp• Amerika, Australia; 8 – 15 mm• L. laeta: Arachnidisme nekrotik• Kematian oleh lemah jantung• Th corticosteroid

• Cephalothorax & abdomen• Ruas abdomen terakhir, Telson sebagai penyengat.

Long tail with sting • Pedipalps are modified as pinchers• Most scorpion stings are no worse than bee

stings; only a minority of species arepotentially dangerous

• Nocturnal.Scorpion biasa hidup pada iklim hangat• Makan serangga dan hewan kecil.• Vivipar,anak didukung di punggung

Striped Bark Scorpion, Centruroides vittatus,

gravid female from TexasE. Tenczar

Peranan dalam ilmu kedokteran• Leiurus quinquestriatus (Mesir) & Centruroides suffusus

(Mexico): racun neurotoksik

• Diplocentrus spp: racun hematotoksik

Northern Desert Hairy Scorpion, Hadrurus spadix, native to US

E. Tenczar

Emperor Scorpion,Pandinus imperator,

female eating cockroach, native to West Africa

E. Tenczar

Arizona Bark Scorpion, Centruroides exilicauda, mating

E. Tenczar

Lined Devil Scorpion,Vaejovis spinigerus,

female from Arizona with young

Flat Rock Scorpion,Hadogenes troglodytes,

female, native toSouth Africa

E. Tenczar

E. Tenczar

Slenderbrown Bark Scorpion,Centruroides gracilis,male from Central America

Pandinus imperator; scorpions glow under UV/ black light

E. Tenczar

E. Tenczar

E. Tenczar E. Tenczar

Black Thick-Tailed Scorpion, Parabuthus transvaalicus, a highly venomous species native to South Africa

• Bulat/bulat lonjong tanpa batas yang jelas kepala,thorax dan abdomen

• Shield : dorsal/ventral• Palpi dan chelicera di anterior : Gnathosoma• Muda punya 6 kaki, dewasa 8 kaki• Terdiri atas hard and soft-bodied ticks.• Ticks lebih besar dari mites, some females as large as a

nickel.• Hidup bebas pada air, tumbuhan atau hewan• Vektor : protozoa, ricketsia, virus

Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularisJim Occi, BugPics, www.insectimages.org

FAMILI• IXODIDAE : Sengkenit keras• ARGASIDAE : Sengkenit lunak• SARCOPTIDAE : Sarcoptes scabiei• TROMBICULIDAE : Leptotrombidium spp• PYROGLYPHIDAE : Dermatophagoides spp• DERMANISSIDAE : Ornithonyssus bacoti• PYEMOTIDAE : Pediculoides ventricosus• DEMODICIDAE : Demodex folliculorun

• Capitulum diujung anterior• Mulut: Palp, chelicera, hypostome• Scutum (dorsal shield) pd jantan• Parasit periodik, menghisap darah• Jantan mati setelah kopulasi, betina setelah bertelur• Tiap stadium memerlukan darah

Peranan dalam ilmu Kedokteran1. Trauma mekanik2. Tick paralysis3. Vektor:• Virus (Langat, Kyasanur Forest Disease, Russian

Spring Summer Encephalitis)• Rickettsia (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)• Bakteria (Tularemia)• Sporozoa (Babesiosis)

• Capitulum di ventral badan• Jantan sukar dibedakan dg betina krn scutum (-)• Parasit intermitten

Peranan dalam ilmu kedokteran• Vektor Tick borne relapsing fever (Borellia spp)• Afrika: Ornithodoros moubata; AS: O. turicata & O.

hermsi; Asia: O. tholozani

• Egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, adult.

• Four pair legs; three pairs on larvae.

• Two body segments: head, thorax.

• Chelicerae: fangs like spiders.

• Suck cells.

• Cause chlorosis; yellowing of foliage.

• Transmit disease.

• Diagnostics: chlorosis, webbing, rusetting, galls.

• Female: round abdomen

• Male: pointed abdomen

• Larva 3 pairs of legs

• 350 – 450 mikron• Stratum Corneum• 40 – 50 telur• Telur ke Dewasa: 8 - 15 hrPeranan Dalam Ilmu Kedokteran• Penyebab Kudis atau Scabies• Membuat terowongan atau Tunnel di kulit• Sela jari, pergelangan tangan, siku, punggung, scrotum, kaki • Gatal karena reaksi terhadap ekskresinya• Dapat terjadi infeksi sekunder• Diagnosis sukar• Th dg preparat sulfur

• Kurang dr 1,25 mm• Larva (disebut Chigger): merah/kuning jingga,

hidup di rumput, belukar, semak, sebagai parasit• Dewasa: bebas• Hdp 1 -2 bln Larva chigger

Peranan dalam ilmu kedokteran• Dermatitis• Vektor: Scrup typhusSpesies• L. Deliense, L. Fletcheri, L. Arenicola• Chigger :

• Menyerang kulit menggunakan 2capit (claws)• Two blade-like beaks enter the skin• Injected fluid dissolves skin tissue around beaks, but

hardens surrounding tissue so that a stylostome, or tube is formed

• Chigger sucks up liquid through stylostome.• Tube remains after chigger leaves, causing itching.

Chigger Bites on Human

• 0,2 – 0,3 mm• Dlm debu rumah• Hidup dr bahan2 organik

Peranana dalam kedokteran• Dermatitis• Alergi Traktus Respiratorius (Asthma & Rhinitis)

• Ektoparasit Vertebrata: Burung, Rodentia• Menggigit Manusia

Peranan Dalam Ilmu Kedokteran• O. bacoti: papula• L. sanguineus: vektor Rickettsial pox (Richettsia akari) di

Amerika Utara, Eropa, Asia, Afrika

• Kecil, kurang dr 0,5 mm• Btk spt Tuma• Betina: punya abdomen btk kantong bulat• Hidup 7 – 19 hr

Peranan Dalam Ilmu Kedokteran• Dermatitis (Grain itch) pd pekerja bhn makanan

• Hidup dlm Folikel rambut• Makan sekresi dlm subcutis• Sering di hidung & kelopak mata• Tdk mengganggu• Penyebab Acne rocacea, Blepharitis

Warm season

• Twospotted spider mite

• European red mite

• Bulb mite

• Gall, rust mite

• Cyclamen mite

Cool season

• Spruce spider mite

• Clover mite

Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae

Jack Kelly Clark, University of Californiahttp://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/T/I-AC-TSPP-AD.022.html

Family Tetranychidae:

• Twospotted spider mite

• Lewis mite

Family Tarsonemidae:

• Cyclamen mite

• Broad mite

Family Acaridae:

• Bulb mite

Family Eriophyidae:

• Gall, rust mite

Cyclamen Mite

CUEShttp://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/inter/inmine/Mitesc.html

• Family Eriophyidae: gall or vagrant mites

• Family Tetranychidae: spider mites

• Family Tarsonemidae: cyclamen/broad mites

• Family Phytoseiidae: predatory mites

• Family Acaridae: bulb mite

• Family Oribatidae: soil mites

Broad MiteCUES, http://www.entomology.umn.edu/cues/inter/inmine/Mitesc.html

Predatory mites: Phytoseiulus persimilis

• Found in turf.

• Long front legs.

• Make webbing in fall.

Clover Mite, Bryobia praetiosa